TY - JOUR T1 - Response of large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) beetles to insecticides with different mechanisms of action JF - Progress in Plant Protection Y1 - 2010 A1 - Malinowski, Henryk SP - 149 EP - 157 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Responses (knock-down and mortality) of large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) beetles to insecticides of different mechanism of action such as neonicotinoids (clotianidin, acetamiprid) acting on nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine (ACh), pyrethroids (deltamethrin, [alpha]-cypermethrin) blocking sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, organophosphates (chlorpiryfos) and carbamates (carbosulfan) both inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and fenylpirazoles (fipronil) interfering with a-butyric acid (GABA) receptors were studied. Taking into account speed of insect decay the order of examined groups of substances may be established as follows: first place is occupied by insecticides interferring with GABA receptors, second place by insecticides blocking AChE activity, and third place in parallel insecticides blocking sodium channels and those acting on nicotinic receptors of ACh. VL - 50 SN - 1427-4337 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) beetles to insecticides with different mechanisms of action JF - Progress in Plant Protection Y1 - 2010 A1 - Malinowski, Henryk SP - 149 EP - 157 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Responses (knock-down and mortality) of large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) beetles to insecticides of different mechanism of action such as neonicotinoids (clotianidin, acetamiprid) acting on nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine (ACh), pyrethroids (deltamethrin, [alpha]-cypermethrin) blocking sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, organophosphates (chlorpiryfos) and carbamates (carbosulfan) both inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and fenylpirazoles (fipronil) interfering with a-butyric acid (GABA) receptors were studied. Taking into account speed of insect decay the order of examined groups of substances may be established as follows: first place is occupied by insecticides interferring with GABA receptors, second place by insecticides blocking AChE activity, and third place in parallel insecticides blocking sodium channels and those acting on nicotinic receptors of ACh. VL - 50 SN - 1427-4337 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phoretic dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes by Hylobius abietis JF - Nematology Y1 - 2009 A1 - Kruitbos, Laura M. A1 - Heritage, Stuart A1 - Wilson, Michael J. SP - 419 EP - 427 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Phoresis is a strategy in which one organism (the phoretic) attaches to another (the host) for the implied purpose of dispersal and is valuable for small flightless invertebrates with limited mobility. Previous work has shown that the relatively immobile larvae of Hylobius abietis (the large pine weevil) are highly susceptible to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and support nematode reproduction whereas adults do not. Here, we demonstrate that the infective juveniles (IJ) of two species of EPN, Heterorhabditis megidis and Steinernema carpocapsae, can use the resistant but highly mobile adults of H. abietis for phoretic dispersal. The ability to use adult H. abietis for phoresis depended on nematode species and habitat (sand vs peat) and there was no evidence of sex-biased dispersal in S. carpocapsae for which the IJ are dioecious. We hypothesise that phoretic dispersal may be a significant mechanism to avoid sibling competition and inbreeding in EPN, which produce tens of thousands of offspring at point sources in a relatively impenetrable habitat. VL - 11 SN - 1388-5545 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infestation by a Nalepella species induces emissions of alpha - and beta -farnesenes, (-)-linalool and aromatic compounds in Norway spruce clones of different susceptibility to the large pine weevil JF - Arthropod-Plant Interactions Y1 - 2008 A1 - Kannaste, Astrid A1 - Vongvanich, Namphung A1 - Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin SP - 31 EP - 41 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - The emissions of spruce grafts (Picea abies), caused by infestation of an acarid species of the genus Nalepella were investigated. Volatiles of three clones, both healthy and infested, with different susceptibility to the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis were collected by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatograph coupled to mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, enantiomers of the main chiral compounds were separated by a two dimensional-gas chromatograph (2DGC). In the characteristic flower-like fragrances emitted by the infested grafts large amounts of E-[beta]-farnesene, E,E-[alpha]-farnesene, (-)-linalool, methyl salicylate and minute amounts of benzyl alcohol, E-anethole, methyl benzoate, neral and geranial were found. All together, these compounds could explain the characteristic scent emitted by the infested seedlings. Large differences in the emissions of E-[beta]- farnesene, E,E-[alpha]-farnesene and methyl salicylate were found between but not within the clones. VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host activity and wasp experience affect parasitoid wasp foraging behaviour and oviposition on nematode-infected larvae of the forestry pest Hylobius abietis JF - Ecological Entomology Y1 - 2012 A1 - Harvey, Christopher D. A1 - Griffin, Christine T. SP - 269 EP - 282 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - 1. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are currently being used as introduced biological control agents against the larvae of the native European forestry pest Hylobius abietis L. which develop under the bark of stumps and roots of newly dead conifer trees. 2. The potential for resource competition between gregarious ectoparasitoid Bracon hylobii Ratz and EPN by recording oviposition and related behaviours of B. hylobii females on EPN-infected H. abietis larvae was investigated. Wasps did not parasitise EPN-infected host larvae that were dead when presented, but naive and experienced wasps parasitised live EPN-infected hosts. Naive wasps parasitised live EPN-infected hosts significantly less frequently than healthy hosts only when the infected larvae were close to death (i.e. died during 24-h trial). Parasitism by experienced wasps was unaffected by host infection. 3. Wasp probing and oviposition were positively associated with the amount of host movement. Preventing H. abietis larvae from chewing on bark significantly reduced parasitism by naive, but not experienced wasps. 4. The number of eggs per clutch was not affected by bark chewing or EPN-infection of H. abietis larvae. 5. Naive and experienced B. hylobii parasitised two abnormal hosts (larvae of coleopteran Rhagium bifasciatum Fabricius and lepidopteran Galleria mellonella L.), both of which moved and chewed on bark during trials. 6. It was concluded that B. hylobii can use vibrational cues generated by host movement and feeding to locate hosts at short range and accepts unsuitable (EPN-infected or abnormal) hosts as long as these create such cues. The implications for competition between B. hylobii and EPN and possible ways of minimising it when applying EPN are discussed. VL - 37 SN - 0307-6946 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on a non-target, service-providing longhorn beetle is limited by targeted application when controlling forestry pest Hylobius abietis JF - Biological Control Y1 - 2012 A1 - Harvey, Christopher D. A1 - Alameen, Khalil M. A1 - Griffin, Christine T. SP - NIL_0059 EP - NIL_0068 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Entomopathogenic nematodes are being applied to tree stumps on coniferous clearfell sites in Europe for inundative biological control of the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis; Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major forestry pest. We investigated the risk that two nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis downesi (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), present to longhorn beetle Rhagium bifasciatum (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a service-providing, non-target saproxylic insect on clearfell sites. In a Petri dish assay, larvae of R. bifasciatum were less susceptible (LC50 24-42) than pupae or adults (LC50 <= 10) to infective juveniles (IJs) of S. carpocapsae and H. downesi. S. carpocapsae and H. downesi reproduced within R. bifasciatum larvae, pupae and adults, with up to 130,000 IJs emerging per insect. When we applied 1.8 million IJs (half the number recommended per tree stump containing pine weevil) to deadwood logs in laboratory and field experiments, both nematode species infected more than 50% of R. bifasciatum within the logs. Field application at a lower, more realistic rate (18,000 IJs per log) resulted in 0-11% infection. The two nematode species caused similar rates of infection within logs and infected R. bifasciatum larvae more than 4 cm deep within the wood. On six clearfell sites sampled one to twelve months after S. carpocapsae had been inundatively applied to tree stumps for suppression of pine weevil, < 10% of deadwood logs contained infected R. bifasciatum and < 4% of 1989 R. bifasciatum individuals in logs were infected. Infection was recorded a year after nematodes had been applied, however, suggesting that nematodes were recycling within logs in the field. Incidence of R. bifasciatum infection decreased significantly with increasing distance between a log and the nearest treated tree stump. Thus, our results indicate that entomopathogenic nematodes can infect and recycle in R. bifasciatum, but that the risk to this and other saproxylic non-target insects is limited by the targeted application of nematodes to tree stumps. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. VL - 62 SN - 1049-9644 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Hylobius spp. in Carinthia JF - Forstschutz Aktuell Y1 - 2009 A1 - Griesser, Sonja A1 - Kritsch, Peter A1 - Wegensteiner, Rudolf SP - 10 EP - 14 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - The occurrence of Hylobius spp. was investigated at several localities in the Carinthian districts of Feldkirchen, Klagenfurt-Land and of Valkermarkt in the year 2005. Another aim was to test the lure effect of different tree species as trap material to attract beetles. In total, 5276 adult Hylobius spp. - 5256 H. abietis and 20 H. piceus - were collected. The occurrence of these two species was different during the seasons. in the majority of cases more beetles were collected on spruce bark pieces than on pine and larch log sections. VL - 48 SN - 1815-5103; 1815-5111 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beauveria caledonica is a naturally occurring pathogen of forest beetles JF - Mycological Research Y1 - 2008 A1 - Glare, Travis R. A1 - Reay, Stephen D. A1 - Nelson, Tracey L. A1 - Moore, Roger SP - 352 EP - 360 KW - Hylastes ater KW - Hylobius abietis KW - Hylurgus ligniperda AB - In New Zealand, two introduced scolytid beetles, Hylastes ater and Hylurgus ligniperda (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are pests in pine plantations. Investigation of the naturally occurring pathogens of these exotic pests revealed that both are attacked by Beauveria caledonica, a species originally isolated and described from soil in Scotland. The isolates in New Zealand were identical in morphology and conserved DNA region (rDNA, elongation factor a) sequence to isolates held in the USDA-ARS insect pathogens culture collection. In bioassay, the B. caledonica isolates were highly pathogenic to adults of H. ligniperda and larvae of Tenebrio molitor. Sporulation. was observed on cadavers, confirming the species can utilise the cadavers. As both species were likely to have been introduced to New Zealand from Europe, a search was made for B. caledonica in the northern UK and Ireland. The fungus was found as a naturally-occurring pathogen of the weevil pest, Hylobius abietis (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), developing in spruce and other beetles in forests in both regions. (C) 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. VL - 112 SN - 0953-7562 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The lethal and sub-lethal consequences of entomopathogenic nematode infestation and exposure for adult pine weevils, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology Y1 - 2010 A1 - Girling, R. D. A1 - Ennis, D. A1 - Dillon, A. B. A1 - Griffin, C. T. SP - 195 EP - 202 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) frequently kill their host within 1-2 days, and interest in EPN focuses mainly on their lethality. However, insects may take longer to die, or may fail to die despite being infected, but little is known about the effects of EPN infection on insects, other than death. Here we investigate both lethal and sub-lethal effects of infection by two EPN species, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis downesi, on adults of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis. Following 12 h nematode-weevil contact in peat, S. carpocapsae killed a significantly higher proportion of weevils (87-93%) than H. downesi (43-57%) at all concentrations tested. Less than 10% of weevils were dead within 2 days, and weevils continued to die for up to 10 days after exposure (LT50 of 3 days or more). In a separate experiment, live weevils dissected 6 days after a 24 h exposure to nematodes on filter paper harbored encapsulated and dead nematodes, showing that weevils could defend themselves against infection. Some live weevils also harbored live nematodes 6 days after they had been removed from the nematode infested medium. Feeding by weevils was not affected by infection with, or exposure to, either species of EPN. We discuss these results in relation to the use of EPN in biological control against H. abietis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. VL - 104 SN - 0022-2011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competition and intraguild predation between the braconid parasitoid Bracon hylobii and the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis downesi, natural enemies of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research Y1 - 2009 A1 - Everard, A. A1 - Griffin, C. T. A1 - Dillon, A. B. SP - 151 EP - 161 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - In biological control programmes introduced natural enemies compete with indigenous enemies for hosts and may also engage in intraguild predation when two species competing for the same prey attack and consume one another. The large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of coniferous reforestation in Europe. Among its natural enemies, the parasitoid Bracon hylobii Ratz. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and entomopathogenic nematodes have potential as biological control agents. Both parasitoid and nematodes target the weevil larvae and, hence, there is potential for competition or intraguild predation.In this study, we examine the interaction of B. hylobii with the nematode Heterorhabditis downesi Stock, Griffin and Burnell (Nematode: Heterorhabditidae), testing the susceptibility of larvae, pupae and adults of B. hylobii to H. downesi and whether female parasitoids discriminate between nematode-infected and uninfected weevils for oviposition. In choice tests, when weevils were exposed to nematodes 1-7 days previously, no B. hylobii oviposited on nematode-infected weevil larvae. Up to 24 h, healthy weevils were twice as likely as nematode-infected ones to be used for oviposition. Bracon hylobii females did not adjust clutch size; nematode-infected hosts were either rejected or the parasitoid laid a full clutch of eggs on them.When nematodes were applied to the parasitoid feeding on weevil larvae, the nematodes parasitized the parasitoid larvae, there was a reduction in cocoon formation and fewer cocoons eclosed. Eclosion rate was not reduced when nematodes were applied to fully formed cocoons, but nearly all of the emerging adults were killed by nematodes. VL - 99 SN - 0007-4853 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antifeedants and feeding stimulants in bark extracts of ten woody non-host species of the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology Y1 - 2008 A1 - Eriksson, Carina A1 - Mansson, Per E. A1 - Sjodin, Kristina A1 - Schlyter, Fredrik SP - 1290 EP - 1297 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Bark of ten woody species, known to be rejected as a food source by the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, were sequentially extracted by a Soxhlet apparatus with pentane followed by methanol. Species were alder (Alnus glutinosa), aspen (Populus tremula), beech (Fagus sylvatica), guelder rose (Viburnum opulus), holly (Ilex aquifolium), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), lilac (Syringa vulgaris), spindle tree (Evonymus europaeus), walnut (Juglans regia), and yew (Taxus baccata). Bark of each species was collected in southern Scandinavia during the summer. Resulting extracts were tested for antifeedant activity against the pine weevil by a micro-feeding choice assay. At a dose corresponding to that in the bark, methanol extracts from Aesculus, Taxus, Ilex, and Populus were antifeedant active, while pentane extracts of Aesculus, Fagus, Syringa, and Viburnum were stimulatory. Four known antifeedants against H. abietis, the straight-chained carboxylic acids, hexanoic and nonanoic acid (C6 and C9), carvone, and carvacrol were identified by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) in several extracts. The major constituents were identified and tested for feeding deterrence. The aromatic compounds benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol are new non-host plant-derived feeding deterrents for the pine weevil. Additionally, two feeding stimulants, [beta]-sitosterol and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, were identified. One active methanol extract of Aesculus bark was sequentially fractionated by liquid chromatography, and major compounds were tentatively identified as branched alcohols and esters of hexanoic acid. Five commercially available hexanoate esters and two commercially available branched alcohols were identified as new active antifeedants. Both stimulatory and inhibiting compounds were found in the same extracts and co-eluted in the same or adjacent fractions. The mix of semiochemicals of opposite activity in each extract or fraction could explain the stimulatory-, inhibitory-, or sometimes neutral activity. Generally, such co-occurrence confounds the isolation of antifeedants. VL - 34 SN - 0098-0331 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pine weevils modulate defensive behaviour in response to parasites of differing virulence JF - Animal Behaviour Y1 - 2010 A1 - Ennis, Darragh E. A1 - Dillon, Aoife B. A1 - Griffin, Christine T. SP - 283 EP - 288 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Grooming and avoidance of contaminated areas are among the behavioural defences employed by animals against parasites. Antiparasite defence behaviour is costly in terms of time, energy and/or food foregone and therefore animals are expected to modulate their defences depending on the risk of attack and/or the severity of the symptoms caused. We tested the hypothesis that an insect host invests more in defence against more virulent (more likely to cause death) than less virulent parasites. We tested avoidance and grooming of adult pine weevils, Hylobius abietis, in response to infective juveniles of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, the more virulent Steinernema carpocapsae and less virulent Heterorhabditis downesi. Weevils avoided feeding on a substrate contaminated with S. carpocapsae but not H. downesi. Weevils also groomed more when their bodies were contaminated with S. carpocapsae than either H. downesi or water. We also made direct observations of nematodes on weevils. When equal numbers of nematodes were applied to weevils more S. carpocapsae than H. downesi moved actively on the weevil's cuticle. Thus, the differential response of weevils to the two nematode species can be explained by the weevils detecting the more aggressive behaviour of S. carpocapsae than H. downesi, which corresponds to a higher probability of death. [copyright] 2010 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. VL - 80 SN - 0003-3472; 1095-8282 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cordeauxia edulis and Rhododendron tomentosum extracts disturb orientation and feeding behavior of Hylobius abietis and Phyllodecta laticollis JF - Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata Y1 - 2011 A1 - Egigu, Meseret C. A1 - Ibrahim, Mohamed A. A1 - Yahya, Asha A1 - Holopainen, Jarmo K. SP - 162 EP - 174 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - The use of plant-based compounds to control insect pests is an alternative to the use of synthetic pesticides. We evaluated the repellent and antifeedant effects of Cordeauxia edulis Hemsley (Fabaceae) and Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja (Ericaceae) extracts against Hylobius abietis L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Phyllodecta laticollis Suffrian (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Repellent properties were evaluated by monitoring responses of adult insects toward the odor from extracts or extraction solvents (controls) in a Y-tube olfactometer, and choice or no-choice feeding tests were conducted by applying extracts or extraction solvents on stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae)) and European aspen (Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae)), host plants of H. abietis and P. laticollis, respectively. Extracts of R. tomentosum repelled adults of both insect species effectively. However, extracts of C. edulis did not repel H. abietis although its ethyl acetate extract showed repellence against the adults of P. laticollis. Feeding by H. abietis was significantly reduced by a methanol extract of C. edulis, and methanol and hexane extracts of R. tomentosum. Feeding by the adults and larvae of P. laticollis was significantly reduced by extracts from both plant species. Concomitant with less feeding, larval growth was retarded by ethyl acetate extracts of both plant species. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the volatile components of the extracts showed that extracts from both plant species were mixtures of various terpene and non-terpene compounds, which showed quantitative and/or qualitative variations between plant species and extraction solvents. This experiment showed that extracts from both plant species effectively manipulated the orientation and/or feeding behavior of the two beetle species. Hence, they may be considered as potential alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides. VL - 138 SN - 0013-8703 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evict of infect? Managing populations of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, using a bottom-up and top-down approach JF - Forest Ecology and Management Y1 - 2008 A1 - Dillon, Aoife B. A1 - Moore, Colm P. A1 - Downes, Martin J. A1 - Griffin, Christine T. SP - 2634 EP - 2642 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Hylobius abietis is the most important pest of replanted coniferous sites in Northern Europe, where feeding by adult weevils can result in up to 100% mortality of seedlings. Field trials were conducted with the aim of reducing H. abietis populations developing in Sitka spruce stumps by increasing pressure from natural enemies (top-down pressure), and reducing the quality of stumps for development (bottom-up pressure). Top-down pressure was applied through inundative treatment of stumps with entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis downesi or Steinernema carpocapsae). Bottom-up pressure was applied by treating stumps with the wood colonising fungus Trichoderma koningii. Natural levels of parasitism of H. abietis by the parasitoid Bracon hylobii and the effect of applied agents on B. hylobii were also investigated. Heterorhabditis downesi parasitised more immature weevils than S. carpocapsae, and significantly reduced numbers of adults emerging from stumps compared to controls. Entomopathogenic nematodes did not significantly impact on populations of B. hylobii, and over three sites the effects of both agents were additive. Stumps modified by application of the fungus (bottom-up pressure) did not have fewer H. abietis developing in, or emerging from them; however, development of H. abietis was more advanced in these stumps, and the success of natural enemies was differentially affected. T. koningii facilitated B. hylobii while having the opposite effect on entomopathogenic nematodes, suggesting that it affected the outcome of competition between the nematodes and the parasitoid. VL - 255 SN - 0378-1127 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment, persistence, and introgression of entomopathogenic nematodes in a forest ecosystem JF - Ecological Applications Y1 - 2008 A1 - Dillon, A. B. A1 - Rolston, A. N. A1 - Meade, C. V. A1 - Downes, M. J. A1 - Griffin, C. T. SP - 735 EP - 747 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are currently marketed worldwide for use in inundative biological control, where the applied natural enemy population ( rather than its offspring) is expected to reduce insect numbers. Unlike classical biological control, in inundative control natural enemy establishment is not crucial in order to achieve pest suppression. Field trials in Irish forestry provided the opportunity to test predictions regarding the establishment of two exotic (Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis megidis) and two indigenous ( Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis downesi) species. Nematodes were inundatively applied to pine stumps to control populations of pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, on three clearcut sites, and their persistence and spread monitored for up to five years. All species were recovered three years after application but only S. feltiae was recovered in years 4 and 5. Limited horizontal dispersal to 20 cm ( but not 100 cm) was observed, but the majority of nematodes were recovered close to the area of application. Steinernema feltiae was also recovered from nearby stumps to which it had not been applied, indicating possible phoretic dispersal by weevils or other stump-associated fauna. EPN were not recovered from stumps outside the treated area, suggesting that such dispersal is quite localized. Two strains of S. feltiae ( Irish and exotic) were applied. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis on 11 populations isolated from soil four years later showed that all had a much closer affinity to the applied Irish strain, suggesting persistence of this genotype and extinction of the exotic one. Some strains were clustered close together, and this is interpreted in the light of possible population genetic scenarios. The findings from the field study confirm predictions based on background knowledge of the species and demonstrate the importance of medium-term studies, as a 3-year study would have overestimated the risk of establishment of exotic species. Short-term persistence and spread of S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and H. downesi was also studied in pine forest mesocosms. Similar trends to field results, such as limited horizontal dispersal, even vertical distribution, and more abundant recovery of S. feltiae than of other species, point to the utility of mesocosm studies as a predictive tool. VL - 18 SN - 1051-0761 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term evolutionary stability of bacterial endosymbiosis in Curculionoidea: additional evidence of symbiont replacement in the Dryophthoridae family JF - Molecular Biology and Evolution Y1 - 2008 A1 - Conord, Cyrille A1 - Despres, Laurence A1 - Vallier, Agnes A1 - Balmand, Severine A1 - Miquel, Christian A1 - Zundel, Stephanie A1 - Lemperiere, Guy A1 - Heddi, Abdelaziz SP - 859 EP - 868 KW - Dryophthoridae KW - Hylobius abietis KW - Hylobius transversovittatus AB - Bacterial intracellular symbiosis ( endosymbiosis) is well documented in the insect world where it is believed to play a crucial role in adaptation and evolution. However, although Coleopteran insects are of huge ecological and economical interest, endosymbiont molecular analysis is limited to the Dryophthoridae family. Here, we have analyzed the intracellular symbiotic bacteria in 2 Hylobius species belonging to the Molytinae subfamily ( Curculionoidea superfamily) that exhibit different features from the Dryophthoridae insects in terms of their ecology and geographical spanning. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has shown that both Hylobius species harbor rod- shaped pleiomorphic symbiotic bacteria in the oocyte and in the bacteria- bearing organ ( the bacteriome), with a shape and location similar to those of the Dryophthoridae bacteriome. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequences, using the heterogeneous model of DNA evolution, has placed the Hylobius spp. endosymbionts ( H- group) at the basal position of the ancestral Rclade of Dryophthoridae endosymbionts named Candidatus Nardonella but relatively distant from the S- clade of Sitophilus spp. endosymbionts. Endosymbionts from the H- group and the R- clade evolved more quickly compared with free- living enteric bacteria and endosymbionts from the S- and D- clades of Dryophthoridae. They are AT biased ( 58.3% A + T), and they exhibit AT- rich insertions at the same position as previously described in the Candidatus Nardonella 16S rDNA sequence. Moreover, the host phylogenetic tree based on the mitochondrial COI gene was shown to be highly congruent with the H- group and the R- clade, the divergence of which was estimated to be around 125 MYA. These new molecular data show that endosymbiosis is old in Curculionids, going back at least to the common ancestor of Molytinae and Dryophthoridae, and is evolutionary stable, except in 2 Dryophthoridae clades, providing additional and independent supplementary evidence for endosymbiont replacement in these taxa. VL - 25 SN - 0737-4038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New records of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Estonia JF - Acta Zoologica Lituanica Y1 - 2011 A1 - Bukejs, Andris A1 - Balalaikins, Maksims SP - 235 EP - 237 KW - Hylobius transversovittatus AB - The current article presents faunal data on 3 beetle species from Estonia, two of which, Leiopus linnei Wallin, Nylander et Kvamme, 2009 (Cerambycidae) and Hylobius transversovittatus (Goeze, 1777) (Curculionidae), are reported for the local fauna for the first time. General information on the distribution and bionomy of these species is given. VL - 21 SN - 1392-1657; 1648-6919 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-activity relationships of phenylpropanoids as antifeedants for the pine weevil Hylobius abietis JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology Y1 - 2008 A1 - Bohman, B. A1 - Nordlander, G. A1 - Nordenhem, H. A1 - Sunnerheim, K. A1 - Borg-Karlson, A. K. A1 - Unelius, C. R. SP - 339 EP - 352 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Ethyl cinnamate has been isolated from the bark of Pinus contorta in the search for antifeedants for the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis. Based on this lead compound, a number of structurally related compounds were synthesized and tested. The usability of the Topliss scheme, a flow diagram previously used in numerous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, was evaluated in an attempt to find the most potent antifeedants. The scheme was initially followed stepwise; subsequently, all compounds found in the scheme were compared. In total, 51 phenylpropanoids were tested and analyzed for SARs by using arguments from the field of medicinal chemistry (rational drug design). Individual Hansch parameters based on hydrophobicity, steric, and electronic properties were examined. The effects of position and numbers of substituents on the aromatic ring, the effects of conjugation in the molecules, and the effects of the properties of the parent alcohol part of the esters were also evaluated. It proved difficult to find strong SARs derived from single physicochemical descriptors, but our study led to numerous new, potent, phenylpropanoid antifeedants for the pine weevil. Among the most potent were methyl 3-phenylpropanoates monosubstituted with chloro, fluoro, or methyl groups and the 3,4-dichlorinated methyl 3-phenylpropanoate. VL - 34 SN - 0098-0331 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pine weevil feeding on Norway spruce bark has a stronger impact on needle VOC emissions than enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation JF - Environmental Pollution Y1 - 2009 A1 - Blande, James D. A1 - Turunen, Katariina A1 - Holopainen, Jarmo K. SP - 174 EP - 180 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Plants can respond physiologically to damaging ultraviolet-B radiation by altering leaf chemistry, especially UV absorbing phenolic compounds. However, the effects on terpene emissions have received little attention. We conducted two field trials in plots with supplemented UV-B radiation and assessed the influence of feeding by pine weevils, Hylobius abietis L., on volatile emissions from 3-year old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies L. Karst.). We collected emissions from branch tips distal to the feeding weevils, and from whole branches including the damage sites. Weevil feeding clearly induced the emission of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, particularly linalool and (E)-ss-farnesene, from branch tips, and the sums of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes emitted by whole branches were substantially increased. We discovered little effect of UV-B radiation up to 30% above the ambient level on volatile emissions from branch tips distal to damage sites, but there was a possible effect on bark emissions from damage sites. VL - 157 SN - 0269-7491 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cues for shelter use in a phytophagous insect JF - Journal of Insect Behavior Y1 - 2008 A1 - Bjorklund, Niklas SP - 9 EP - 23 KW - Hylobius abietis AB - Many insects spend a large proportion of their life inactive, often hiding in shelters. The presence of shelters may, therefore, influence where insects feed. This study examines stimuli affecting the use of shelters by adults of the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). This species is an economically important forest pest in Europe since the adults feed on the stem bark of newly planted conifer seedlings. When there are hiding or burrowing places present in close proximity to a seedling, pine weevils may hide there and repeatedly return to feed on the same seedling. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory arena with above-ground or below-ground shelters and in the presence or absence of wind. Pine weevils were highly attracted to shelters both above and below ground. Weevils in shelters were often observed assuming a characteristic ''resting'' posture. Experiments with opaque and transparent shelters showed that visual stimuli are used for orientation towards shelters and also increase the probability of an individual remaining in a shelter. The presence of wind increased the weevils' propensity to use shelters both above and below ground. The present study indicates that shelters have a major influence on the behavior of the pine weevil and possible implications of the results are discussed. VL - 21 SN - 0892-7553 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Taxonomic notes on Curculionidae (Col.) JF - Annals and Magazine of Natural History Y1 - 1952 A1 - Marshall, Sir G. A. K. SP - 261 EP - 270 KW - Acallopistus KW - Acallopistus pardalis KW - Acanthotrachelini KW - Afrodolius KW - Afrodolius polylineatus KW - Afropolydrosus KW - Alcidodes affinis KW - Alcidodes aschanticus KW - Alcidodes blanchardi KW - Alcidodes crythropterus KW - Alcidodes dentipes KW - Alcidodes elegans KW - Alcidodes guessfeldi KW - Alcidodes necopinus KW - Alcidodes obsoletus KW - Alcidodes otiosus KW - Amnemus KW - Amnemus squamosus KW - Amphialus KW - Amphyonotus KW - Amphyonotus douei KW - Amydala KW - Amydanus KW - Amygdala KW - Anchonus KW - Ancistropterus helmsi KW - Apotmetus KW - Apotmetus granuliventris KW - Apotmetus suturalis KW - Apries KW - Arniticus KW - Baryopadus KW - Brachyderinae KW - Bryochaeta KW - Bryochaeta crassicornis KW - Bryochaeta viridis, KW - Cadoderus mysticus KW - Calandra KW - Calidiopsis KW - Camptorrhinus lesnei KW - Camptorrhinus simplex KW - Catolethrus KW - Chaetectetorus KW - Charactopus KW - Chitonopterus KW - Colobodes KW - Compsus dives KW - Corigetus albovarius KW - Cossoninae KW - Cratopechus KW - Cratopechus gedyei KW - Cryptacrus variegatus KW - Cryptotelus scops KW - Cybebus KW - Cycloderes KW - Cyphicerus KW - Cyphus KW - Deiradolcus pruinosus KW - Deretiosus amblipennis KW - Deretiosus aridus KW - Deretiosus turbatus KW - Deretiosus zopherus KW - Diocalandra rugosula KW - Dorytomodes confusus KW - Dorytomodes xenorhinus KW - Drymophoetus modestus KW - Ectatopsides cineraceus KW - Ectatopsides cinerosus KW - Elattocerus KW - Ellimenistes KW - Elytrocallus cyphoides KW - Entimus KW - Eremninae KW - Eremnus KW - Eugnathus bracteatus KW - Eugnathus distinctus KW - Eupholus KW - Eurhynchus KW - Eurrhinus KW - Eustylus magdalenae KW - Exapries lophonotus KW - Heilipus ludiosus KW - Heilipus verruculatus KW - Heterocossonus lobeliae KW - Hoplitotrachelus nigromaculatus KW - Hoploparochus KW - Hylobius KW - Icmalius abnormis KW - Ischnotrachelus KW - Ischnotrachelus burgeoni KW - Ischnotrachelus curvipes KW - lcidodes obsoletus KW - Leptops KW - Leptops quadrituberculatus KW - Leptops superciliaris KW - Leptosus KW - Leptosus tribulus KW - Lipsanus brunneus KW - Lobotrachelus KW - Lycosura KW - Machodon KW - Macropoda KW - Maleuterpes phytolymus KW - Maleuterpes spinipes KW - Mecistocerus KW - Mecistocerus cuneatus KW - Mecistocerus denticulatus KW - Mecistocerus maculipes KW - Menemachinae KW - Menemachus KW - Menemachus nigricauda KW - Mesitomorphus KW - Mesphrigodes ornatus KW - Metacyphicerus KW - Meteremnus obtusus KW - Meteremnus subfissuratus KW - Microtribus KW - Mimopentarthrum KW - Mnemynurus caloderes KW - Mnemynurus championi KW - Myllocerus KW - Myrmacicelus gibbipennis KW - Nematocerus lineatulus KW - Nematocerus parvus KW - Neocyphus KW - Neoepipedosoma KW - Nerthopinae KW - Nerthops guttata KW - Oaphilia KW - Odontomaches KW - Oosomini KW - Oosomus agrestis KW - Orchestes KW - Orthorrhinus aethiops KW - Orthorrhinus bicolor KW - Orthorrhinus carinatus KW - Osphilia KW - Osphilia gabonica KW - Osphilia nigricauda KW - Osphilia tibialis KW - Oxydema subcaudatus KW - Oxyrrhynchoides KW - Pactola KW - Pagiophloeus bidentulus KW - Paramecops KW - Paramecops sinuatus KW - Phaenomerinae KW - Phlyctinus KW - Piazomias KW - Platyrhynchus KW - Platytenes KW - Porohylobius ligniperdoides KW - Pseudomimus KW - Psidiopsis KW - Rhadinomerus KW - Rhadinomerus cuneatus KW - Rhadinomerus denticulatus KW - Rhadinoscapus nociturus KW - Rhadinoscapus variegatus KW - Rhamphus perpusillus KW - Rhinoscapha KW - Rhinoscapha alma KW - Rhinoscapha arrogans KW - Rhinoscapha azureipes KW - Rhinoscapha cobaltinata KW - Rhinoscapha darnleyensis KW - Rhinoscapha douei KW - Rhinoscapha dubia KW - Rhinoscapha thomsoni KW - Rhyparonotus celsus KW - Rhytirrhinus anaglypticus KW - Rhytirrhinus anaglyptus KW - Rhytirrhinus namaquus KW - Rhytirrhinus transversetuberculatus KW - Scoliopisthen KW - Scoliopisthen ellenbergeri KW - Scoliopisthen sordidum KW - Siderodactylus KW - Siderodactylus (Hadromerus) conirostris KW - Siderodactylus conirostris KW - Siderodactylus lineolatus KW - Smicronyx cuscutae KW - Smicronyx roridus KW - Somerenius naivashae KW - Sphadasmus incallidus KW - Sphenomorpha cingulatus KW - Sphenomorpha fasciata KW - Sphrigodes gunni KW - Sternechus pollinosus KW - Styanax KW - Styanax bicarinatus KW - Synomus KW - Syntaphocerus KW - Syntaphocerus obsoletus KW - Syntaphocerus pusillus KW - Syntaphocerus terrenus KW - Synthocus triangulifer KW - Systates KW - Tanyrrhynchinae KW - Tartarisus perforatipennis KW - Telephae obliquefasciatus KW - Tomicoproctus KW - Tylomus KW - Ulomascus KW - Ulomascus claviger KW - Ulomascus longicornis VL - (12) 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The family Curculionidae of Japan. 1. Subfamily Hylobiinae JF - Esakia Y1 - 1982 A1 - Morimoto, K. SP - 51 EP - 121 KW - Aclees KW - Dyscerus KW - Dyscerus exsculptus KW - Dyscerus galloisi KW - Dyscerus gigas KW - Dyscerus laeviventris KW - Dyscerus orientalis KW - Dyscerus perforatus KW - Dyscerus roelofsi KW - Dyscerus shikokuensis KW - Euthycus inaequalicollis KW - Hesychobius KW - Hesychobius vossi KW - Hylobiini KW - Hylobitelus KW - Hylobitelus futabae KW - Hylobitelus haroldi KW - Hylobitelus montanus KW - Hylobitelus pinastri KW - Hylobitelus shiroumaensis KW - Hylobius KW - Kyliparus KW - Kyliparus lewisii KW - Leptanchonus KW - Leptanchonus minatoi KW - Lepyrus KW - Lithinini KW - Metahylobius rubiginosus KW - Pagiophloeus KW - Pagiophloeus tsushimanus KW - Paramecops granulatus KW - Pentaparopion KW - Pentaparopion costatum KW - Seleuca KW - Seleuca chujoi rugulosa KW - Seleuca impressicollis KW - Seleuca satana SN - 0071-1268 N1 - No. 19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chrzzszcze--Coleoptera. 98c. Ryjkowce-Curculionidae. Podrodziny Tanymecinae, Cleoninae, Tanyrhynchinae, Hylobiinae JF - Klucze Oznacz. Owad. Pol. Y1 - 1968 A1 - Smreczyuski, S. SP - 1 EP - 106 KW - Alophus KW - Chlorophanus KW - Chromoderus KW - Cleoninae KW - Cleonus KW - Coniocleonus KW - Donus KW - Gronops KW - Hylobiini KW - Hylobius KW - Hypera KW - Hyperini KW - Larinodontes KW - Larinus KW - Leiosoma KW - Lepyrus KW - Liparus KW - Lixini KW - Lixus KW - Mecaspis KW - Plinthini KW - Pllnthus KW - Pseudocleonus KW - Rhabdorhynchus KW - Tanymecinae KW - Tanymecini VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ormanyosbogarak 3. Curculionidae 3 JF - Fauna Hung. Y1 - 1963 A1 - Endrodi, S. SP - 1 EP - 104 KW - Acalles KW - Alophus KW - Anoplus KW - Cossonus KW - Eremotes KW - Hylobius KW - Hypera KW - Hyperinae KW - Lepyrus KW - Liosoma KW - Liparus KW - Magdalis KW - Myorrhinus KW - Phytonomus KW - Pissodes KW - Plinthus KW - Rhyncolus KW - Sphenophorus AB - Key to species, Hungary VL - 64 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The types of Palaearctic species of the families Apionidae, Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae and Curculionidae in the collection of Etienne Louis Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) JF - Graellsia Y1 - 2008 A1 - Miguel Angel Alonso-Zarazaga SP - 17 EP - 44 AB - The Study of 131 more or less complete Curculionoid specimens of the collection Etienne Louis Geoffroy, conserved in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (Entomologie) has permitted the identification of several nominal species that were nomina dubia and the establishment of several new synonymies and combinations, and, in some cases, the reversion of precedence following Art. 23.9 of the Code, declaring nomina protecta and nomina oblita. New synonymies are (the first term is the valid name): Lixus filiformis (Fabricius, 1781) = Curculio longus Gmelin, 1790; Lasiorhynchites cavifrons (Gyllenhal, 1833) nom. protectum Rhinomacer viridis Geoffroy, 1785, nom. oblitum, Byctiscus betulae (Linnaeus, 1758) Rhinomacer auratus Geoffroy, 1785; Neocoenorrhinus pauxillus (Germar, 1824) nom. protectum Rhinomacer caeruleus Geoffroy, 1785, nom. oblitum; Deporaus betulae (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculio nigrostriatus Goeze, 1777 - Curculio niger Geoffroy, 1785 = Curculio fuliginosus Gmelin, 1790; Coniocleonus hollbergii (Fahraeus, 1842) = Curculio sulcatus Goeze, 1777 = Cuurculio sulcatus Geoffroy, 1785 = Curculio sulcatus Gmelin, 1790; Larinus iaceae (Fabricius, 1775) - Curculio carduelis Goeze, 1777; postica (Gyllenhal, 18 13), nom. protectum - Curculio fasciolatus Geoffroy., 1785, nom. oblitum; Charagmus griseus (Fabricius, 1775) = Curculio cupreosquamosus Goeze, 1777 = Curculio intersectus Geoffroy, 1785 = Curculio squamosus Gmelin, 1790; Sitona hispidulus (Fabricius, 1777) Curculio griseus Goeze, 1777 - Curculio modestus Geoffroy, 1785 = Curculio geoffroaei Gmelin, 1790 Aulacobaris cuprirostris (Fabricius, 1787) = Curculio viridisericeus Goeze, 1777; Cleopomiarus plantrum (Germar, 1824), nom. protectum = Curculio nigrostriatus Goeze, 1777 - Curculio floriger Geoffroy, 1785, nom. oblitum - Curculio subglobosus Gmelin, 1790, nom. oblitum; Anisorhynchus scabrousus (Geoffroy, 1785) = Curculio barbatus Rossi, 1794; Hylobius abietis (Linnaeus, 1758) - Curculio tigris Gmelin, 1790; Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus, 1758) = Curculio contractus Geoffroy, 1785; Phyllobius pomaceus Gyllenhal, 1834 = Curculio auratus Geoffroy, 1785; Hylobius transversovittatus (Goeze, 1777) Curculio fascialis Gmelin, 1790. New combinations are: Leucophyes occidentalis (Dieckmann, 1982) (from Leucosomus) and Anisorhynchus scabrosus (Geoffroy, 1785) (from Curculio). The following names have been reinstated (stat. res.) as valid: Trachyphloeus spinosus (Goeze, 1777) for the species known as Trachyphloeus olivieri Bedel, 1883, Lixus pulverulentus (Scopoli, 1763) for the species known as Lixus angustatus (Fabricius, 1775). Hypera melancholica (Fabricius, 1793) is confirmed as the valid name for the species hitherto named Hypera fuscocinerea (Marsham, 1802) or Hypera murina (Fabricius, 1793). The following narrics are considered nomina dubia, since there is no identifiable type material: Curculio pulex Goeze, 1777, Rhinomacer minutus Geoffroy, 1785, Curculio pulex Gmelin, 1790 (non Goeze, 1777), rhinomacer striatus Geoffroy, 1785, Rhinomacer fulgidus Geoffroy, 1785, Curculio transversofasciatus Goeze, 1777, Curculio fasciatus Geoffroy, 1785 (non Scopoli, 1763, nec Strorm, 1768, nec Degeer, 1775, nec Muller, 1776), Curculio fuscatus Gmelin, 1790, Curculio sulcatus Goeze, 1777: 410 (non Fabricius, 1775, nec Goeze, 1777: 381), Curculio incisus Geoffroy, 1785, Curculio exaratus Gmelin, 1790, Curculio quadratus Goeze, 1777, Curculio quadrilis Geoffroy, 1785, Curculio griseosericeus Goeze, 1777, Curculio communis Geoffroy, 1785, Curculio thoracespinosus Goeze, 1777, Curculio armatus Geoffroy, 1785, Curculio denticulatus Gmelin, 1790 (non Schrank, 1781, nec Geoffroy, 1785), Curculio muricatus Goeze, 1777 (non Drury, 1773), Curculio murinus Geoffroy, 1785 (non Mueller, 1764), Curculio fuscipes Geoffroy, 1785, Curculio tesselatus Geoffroy, 1785 (non Fabricius, 1781), Curculio sericeus Goeze, 1777, Curculio villosus Geoffroy, 1785 (non Fabricius, 1781), Curculio sericeus Gmelin, 1790 (non Goeze, 1777, nec Schaller, 1783, nec Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783), Curculio virgo Goeze, 1777, Curculio virgo Geoffroy, 1785 (non Goeze, 1777), Curculio virgo Gmelin, 1790 (non Goeze, 1777, nec Geoffroy, 1785), Curculio punctulatus Geoffroy, 1 VL - 64 SN - 0367-5041 N1 - Zoor14410062684 U1 - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term evolutionary stability of bacterial endosymbiosis in Curculionoidea: additional evidence of symbiont replacement in the Dryophthoridae family. JF - Molecular Biology and Evolution Y1 - 2008 A1 - Conord , C. A1 - Despres, L. A1 - Vallier, A. A1 - Balmand, S. A1 - Miquel, C. A1 - Zundel, S. A1 - Lemperiere, G. A1 - Heddi, A. SP - 859 EP - 868 KW - Dryophthoridae KW - Hylobius abietis KW - Hylobius transversovittatus AB - Bacterial intracellular symbiosis ( endosymbiosis) is well documented in the insect world where it is believed to play a crucial role in adaptation and evolution. However, although Coleopteran insects are of huge ecological and economical interest, endosymbiont molecular analysis is limited to the Dryophthoridae family. Here, we have analyzed the intracellular symbiotic bacteria in 2 Hylobius species belonging to the Molytinae subfamily ( Curculionoidea superfamily) that exhibit different features from the Dryophthoridae insects in terms of their ecology and geographical spanning. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has shown that both Hylobius species harbor rod- shaped pleiomorphic symbiotic bacteria in the oocyte and in the bacteria- bearing organ ( the bacteriome), with a shape and location similar to those of the Dryophthoridae bacteriome. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequences, using the heterogeneous model of DNA evolution, has placed the Hylobius spp. endosymbionts ( H- group) at the basal position of the ancestral Rclade of Dryophthoridae endosymbionts named Candidatus Nardonella but relatively distant from the S- clade of Sitophilus spp. endosymbionts. Endosymbionts from the H- group and the R- clade evolved more quickly compared with free- living enteric bacteria and endosymbionts from the S- and D- clades of Dryophthoridae. They are AT biased ( 58.3% A + T), and they exhibit AT- rich insertions at the same position as previously described in the Candidatus Nardonella 16S rDNA sequence. Moreover, the host phylogenetic tree based on the mitochondrial COI gene was shown to be highly congruent with the H- group and the R- clade, the divergence of which was estimated to be around 125 MYA. These new molecular data show that endosymbiosis is old in Curculionids, going back at least to the common ancestor of Molytinae and Dryophthoridae, and is evolutionary stable, except in 2 Dryophthoridae clades, providing additional and independent supplementary evidence for endosymbiont replacement in these taxa. VL - 25 ER -