02778nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245013000055210006900185260000800254300001400262490000700276520198700283653001502270100002002285700002202305700002502327700003102352700002102383700002102404856013502425       2011                        eng d  a1387-354700aExploring associations between international trade and environmental factors with establishment patterns of exotic Scolytinae0 aExploring associations between international trade and environme  cOct  a2275-22880 v133 aAlthough invasion of exotic ambrosia beetles (fungus feeders) and bark beetles (phloem feeders) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is considered a major threat to forest health worldwide, no studies have quantitatively investigated the anthropogenic and environmental factors shaping the biogeographical patterns of invasion by these insects across large spatial scales. The primary aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of international trade and several environmental variables of the recipient region on species richness of established exotic Scolytinae. As a reference, we also evaluated the relationships between the same environmental variables and species richness of native Scolytinae. Using an information-theoretic framework for model selection and hierarchical partitioning, we evaluated the relative importance of the potential drivers of species richness of native and exotic Scolytinae in 20 European countries and the 48 contiguous continental US states. Analyses were conducted separately for ambrosia and bark beetle species. Value of imports was a strong predictor of the number of exotic Scolytinae species in both regions. In addition, in the USA, warmer and wetter climate was positively linked to increased numbers of both native and exotic ambrosia beetles. Forest heterogeneity and climatic heterogeneity and secondarily forest area were key drivers in explaining patterns of species richness for native bark beetles but not for exotic species in both regions. Our findings suggest that if current infestation levels continue on imported plants and wood packaging material, increasing international trade will likely lead to more establishments of exotic Scolytinae with concomitant negative effects on forest health in both Europe and the USA. Compared to Europe the risk of invasion appears higher in the USA, especially for ambrosia beetles in the southeastern USA where the climate appears highly suitable for exotic establishment.10aScolytinae1 aMarini, Lorenzo1 aHaack, Robert, A.1 aRabaglia, Robert, J.1 aToffolo, Edoardo, Petrucco1 aBattisti, Andrea1 aFaccoli, Massimo  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/exploring-associations-between-international-trade-and-environmental-factors-establishment-pattern-002777nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245013000055210006900185260000800254300001400262490000700276520198700283653001502270100002002285700002202305700002502327700003102352700002102383700002102404856013402425       2011                        eng d  a1387-354700aExploring associations between international trade and environmental factors with establishment patterns of exotic Scolytinae0 aExploring associations between international trade and environme  cOct  a2275-22880 v133 aAlthough invasion of exotic ambrosia beetles (fungus feeders) and bark beetles (phloem feeders) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is considered a major threat to forest health worldwide, no studies have quantitatively investigated the anthropogenic and environmental factors shaping the biogeographical patterns of invasion by these insects across large spatial scales. The primary aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of international trade and several environmental variables of the recipient region on species richness of established exotic Scolytinae. As a reference, we also evaluated the relationships between the same environmental variables and species richness of native Scolytinae. Using an information-theoretic framework for model selection and hierarchical partitioning, we evaluated the relative importance of the potential drivers of species richness of native and exotic Scolytinae in 20 European countries and the 48 contiguous continental US states. Analyses were conducted separately for ambrosia and bark beetle species. Value of imports was a strong predictor of the number of exotic Scolytinae species in both regions. In addition, in the USA, warmer and wetter climate was positively linked to increased numbers of both native and exotic ambrosia beetles. Forest heterogeneity and climatic heterogeneity and secondarily forest area were key drivers in explaining patterns of species richness for native bark beetles but not for exotic species in both regions. Our findings suggest that if current infestation levels continue on imported plants and wood packaging material, increasing international trade will likely lead to more establishments of exotic Scolytinae with concomitant negative effects on forest health in both Europe and the USA. Compared to Europe the risk of invasion appears higher in the USA, especially for ambrosia beetles in the southeastern USA where the climate appears highly suitable for exotic establishment.10aScolytinae1 aMarini, Lorenzo1 aHaack, Robert, A.1 aRabaglia, Robert, J.1 aToffolo, Edoardo, Petrucco1 aBattisti, Andrea1 aFaccoli, Massimo  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/exploring-associations-between-international-trade-and-environmental-factors-establishment-patterns