02307nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245015500055210006900210260001100279300001200290490000700302520158100309100002701890700002801917700002101945700002401966856013501990       2009                        eng d  a1461-955500aEffects of sunlight exposure and log size on pine engraver (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reproduction in ponderosa pine slash in Northern Arizona, U.S.A0 aEffects of sunlight exposure and log size on pine engraver Coleo  cAugust  a341-3500 v113 a1 Abiotic conditions within logs can affect pine engraver Ips pini (Say) reproductive success, and slash management techniques have been developed that exploit these relationships to reduce brood production. In the present study, we investigated the affect of sunlight exposure on phloem temperature and moisture in logs of two diameters and the subsequent effects on pine engraver reproduction.2 Logs, 30 cm in length, with diameters of 10 and 15 cm, were cut, left in the field for natural colonization by I pini, and then placed in an open meadow and under shade cloth, providing 27% and 66% shade, until offspring beetles had left the logs. Phloem temperature and moisture were recorded over the duration of the experiment and, at the end of the field experiment, logs were dissected and galleries were measured to gauge beetle reproductive success.3 As sunlight exposure increased, phloem temperatures increased and potentially lethal temperatures were often reached in the high-sunlight exposure but seldom in the low-sunlight. Smaller diameter logs had drier phloem than larger diameter logs. All logs dried with time but sunlight level did not affect desiccation rates. Ips pini preferred attacking larger logs and the bottom side of logs. Sunlight exposure had a significant effect on net reproductive success in smaller diameter logs, with very little net reproductive success in high-sunlight exposed logs, and the highest reproductive success was found in small diameter logs in the low-sunlight treatments.4 Management implications of these results are discussed.1 aHayes, Christopher, J.1 aHofstetter, Richard, W.1 aDeGomez, Tom, E.1 aWagner, Michael, R.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/effects-sunlight-exposure-and-log-size-pine-engraver-coleoptera-curculionidae-reproduction-ponderosa02517nas a2200217   4500008004500000020001400045245015400059210006900213260001100282300001400293490000800307520169700315653001502012100002702027700002102054700002202075700002402097700002302121700002102144856013402165       2008                        Engldsh    a0022-049300aEvaluation of funnel traps for characterizing the bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) communities in ponderosa pine forests of north-central Arizona0 aEvaluation of funnel traps for characterizing the bark beetle Co  cAugust  a1253-12650 v1013 aLindgren funnel traps baited with aggregation pheromones are widely used to monitor and manage populations of economically important bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). This study was designed to advance our understanding of how funnel trap catches assess bark beetle communities and relative abundance of individual species. In the second year (2005) of a 3-yr study of the bark beetle community structure in north-central Arizona pine (Pinus spp.) forests, we collected data on stand structure, site conditions, and local bark beetle-induced tree mortality at each trap site. We also collected samples of bark from infested (brood) trees near trap sites to identify and determine the population density of bark beetles that were attacking ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson, in the area surrounding the traps. Multiple regression models indicated that the number of Dendroctonus and Ips beetles captured in 2005 was inversely related to elevation of the trap site, and positively associated with the amount of ponderosa pine in the stand surrounding the site. Traps located closer to brood trees also captured more beetles. The relationship between trap catches and host tree mortality was weak and inconsistent in forest stands surrounding the funnel traps, suggesting that trap catches do not provide a good estimate of local beetle-induced tree mortality. However, pheromone-baited funnel trap data and data from gallery identification in bark samples produced statistically similar relative abundance profiles for the five species of bark beetles that we examined, indicating that funnel trap data provided a good assessment of species presence and relative abundance.10aScolytidae1 aHayes, Christopher, J.1 aDeGomez, Tom, E.1 aClancy, Karen, M.1 aWilliams, Kelly, K.1 aMcMillin, Joel, D.1 aAnhold, John, A.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/evaluation-funnel-traps-characterizing-bark-beetle-coleoptera-scolytidae-communities-ponderosa-pine03107nas a2200205   4500008004500000020001400045245014500059210006900204260001100273300001400284490000800298520232800306653001302634100002702647700002102674700002302695700002102718700002802739856013402767       2008                        Engldsh    a0378-112700aFactors influencing pine engraver (Ips pini Say) colonization of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws.) slash in Northern Arizona0 aFactors influencing pine engraver Ips pini Say colonization of p  c15 May  a3541-35480 v2553 aThinning projects have increased in recent years to reduce standing fuels and fire hazard within the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) and to improve general forest conditions through forest health restoration treatments. As a consequence, large volumes of thinning slash have been generated, increasing the potential for growth of bark beetle (Ips spp.) populations. Because slash can initiate outbreaks in standing trees, a critical examination of slash management guidelines is needed to minimize bark beetle impacts associated with thinning treatments. Specifically, we examined effects of season of slash cutting, sunlight intensity (stand density) and log size on pine engraver (Ips pini Say) reproduction in North-central Arizona, USA. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex. Laws.) trees were felled and cut to 16 sizes (diameters of 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm and lengths of 15, 30, 45, and 60 cm) in October, January, April and July, for 2 years. The 16 logs of differing size were placed in groups in overstory stand densities of 5, 14, and 27.5 m2/ha (representing high, partial, and low sunlight levels). Response variables included attack density, emergence density, and beetle population growth rate. Log length had a positive relationship with both attack and emergence density. Log diameter had a significant effect on attack and emergence density, with a preference shown for intermediate diameter bolts. During a year with above average winter precipitation, cutting date and the interaction of cutting date and light level had significant effects on attack density. Fewer beetles attacked both bolts that had been exposed for longer periods of time and logs exposed to high sunlight levels. Cutting date, and the interaction of cutting date and light level, influenced emergence density, but light level alone did not. Emergence density was lowest in spring-cut logs in both years. Cutting date also had an effect on beetle population growth rate, with fall-cut logs having the highest population growth, while light level had no effect. Extended time-since-cutting (e.g. fall cutting), high light levels and small log diameter did not consistently cause reductions in beetle attack and reproductive performance as was hypothesized. Implications of these results for slash management guidelines are discussed.10aIps pini1 aHayes, Christopher, J.1 aDeGomez, Tom, E.1 aMcMillin, Joel, D.1 aAnhold, John, A.1 aHofstetter, Richard, W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/factors-influencing-pine-engraver-ips-pini-say-colonization-ponderosa-pine-pinus-ponderosa-dougl-ex02333nas a2200253   4500008004500000020001400045245013000059210006900189260000900258300001200267490000700279520143100286653002801717653002701745653001301772100003001785700002201815700002101837700002301858700002601881700001501907700002201922856013501944       2008                        Engldsh    a0046-225X00aLack of genetic differentiation in aggressive and secondary bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Arizona0 aLack of genetic differentiation in aggressive and secondary bark  cJune  a817-8240 v373 aBark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) play an important role as disturbance agents in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) forests of Arizona. However, from 2001 to 2003, elevated bark beetle activity caused unprecedented levels of ponderosa pine mortality. A better understanding of the population structure of these species will facilitate analysis of their dispersal patterns and improve management strategies. Here, we use fluorescently labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) analysis to resolve genetic variation among and within sampling locations in northcentral Arizona of Ips pini (Say), Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, and D. frontalis Zimmermann. We generated genetic fingerprints for >500 beetle specimens and analyzed genetic diversity. For all species, gene flow estimates among sampling locations were high, and significant population subdivision was not discernible across a large portion of ponderosa pine forests in Arizona. However, a weak relationship was detected with L pini population structure and elevation. Because of the lack of genetic differentiation detected throughout the large study area, our findings suggest these insects are capable of long distance dispersal and exhibit a high degree of gene flow across abroad region. We conclude that our results are consistent with strong dispersal patterns and large population sizes of all three species.10aDendroctonus brevicomis10aDendroctonus frontalis10aIps pini1 aAllender, Christopher, J.1 aClancy, Karen, M.1 aDeGomez, Tom, E.1 aMcMillin, Joel, D.1 aWoolbright, Scott, A.1 aKeim, Paul1 aWagner, David, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/lack-genetic-differentiation-aggressive-and-secondary-bark-beetles-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytin02525nas a2200217   4500008004500000020001400045245016200059210006900221260001300290300001100303490000700314520171900321653001702040653000802057100002402065700002302089700002102112700002202133700001702155856013502172       2008                        Engldsh    a0046-225X00aInfluence of elevation on bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) community structure and flight periodicity in ponderosa pine forests of Arizona0 aInfluence of elevation on bark beetle Coleoptera Curculionidae S  cFebruary  a94-1090 v373 aWe examined abundance and flight periodicity of five Ips and six Dendroctonus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) among three different elevation bands in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex. Lawson) forests of northcentral Arizona. Bark beetle populations were monitored at 10 sites in each of three elevation bands (low: 1,600-1,736 m; middle: 2,058-2,230 m; high: 2,505-2,651 m) for 3 yr (2004-2006) using pheromone-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Trap contents were collected weekly from March to December. We also studied temperature differences among the elevation bands and what role this may play in beetle flight behavior. Bark beetles, regardless of species, showed no consistent elevational trend in abundance among the three bands. The higher abundances of Ips lecontei Swaine, I calligraphus ponderosae Swaine, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, and D. brevicomis LeConte at low and middle elevations offset the greater abundance of I. knausi Swaine, D. adjunctus Blandford, D. approximatus Dietz, and D. valens LeConte at high elevations. I. pini (Say) and L latidens LeConte were found in similar numbers across the three bands. Flight periodicity of several species varied among elevation bands. In general, the flight period shortened as elevation increased; flight initiated later and terminated earlier in the year. The timing, number, and magnitude of peaks in flight activity also varied among the elevation bands. These results suggest that abundance and flight seasonality of several bark beetles are related to elevation and the associated temperature differences. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to bark beetle management and population dynamics10aDendroctonus10aIps1 aWilliams, Kelly, K.1 aMcMillin, Joel, D.1 aDeGomez, Tom, E.1 aClancy, Karen, M.1 aMiller, Andy  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/influence-elevation-bark-beetle-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae-community-structure-and-flight-p