03156nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245009500055210006900150260001000219300001200229490000700241520246000248653002702708100001502735700001802750700002502768700002202793700002302815856011202838       2007                        eng d  a1051-076100aImpact of minimum winter temperatures on the population dynamics of Dendroctonus frontalis0 aImpact of minimum winter temperatures on the population dynamics  cApril  a882-8990 v173 aPredicting population dynamics is a fundamental problem in applied ecology. Temperature is a potential driver of short-term population dynamics, and temperature data are widely available, but we generally lack validated models to predict dynamics based upon temperatures. A generalized approach involves estimating the temperatures experienced by a population, characterizing the demographic consequences of physiological responses to temperature, and testing for predicted effects on abundance. We employed this approach to test whether minimum winter temperatures are a meaningful driver of pestilence from Dendroctonus frontalis ( the southern pine beetle) across the southeastern United States. A distance-weighted interpolation model provided good, spatially explicit, predictions of minimum winter air temperatures ( a putative driver of beetle survival). A Newtonian heat transfer model with empirical cooling constants indicated that beetles within host trees are buffered from the lowest air temperatures by; [approximately]1-4[degree]C ( depending on tree diameter and duration of cold bout). The life stage structure of beetles in the most northerly outbreak in recent times ( New Jersey) were dominated by prepupae, which were more cold tolerant (by >3[degree]C) than other life stages. Analyses of beetle abundance data from 1987 to 2005 showed that minimum winter air temperature only explained 1.5% of the variance in interannual growth rates of beetle populations, indicating that it is but a weak driver of population dynamics in the southeastern United States as a whole. However, average population growth rate matched theoretical predictions of a process-based model of winter mortality from low temperatures; apparently our knowledge of population effects from winter temperatures is satisfactory, and may help to predict dynamics of northern populations, even while adding little to population predictions in southern forests. Recent episodes of D. frontalis outbreaks in northern forests may have been allowed by a warming trend from 1960 to 2004 of 3.3[degree]C in minimum winter air temperatures in the southeastern United States. Studies that combine climatic analyses, physiological experiments, and spatially replicated time series of population abundance can improve population predictions, contribute to a synthesis of population and physiological ecology, and aid in assessing the ecological consequences of climatic trends.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aTran, Khai1 aYlioja, Tiina1 aBillings, Ronald, F.1 aRegniere, Jacques1 aAyres, Matthew, P.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/impact-minimum-winter-temperatures-population-dynamics-dendroctonus-frontalis02235nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245011600055210006900171260000800240300001200248490000700260520141800267653002701685653002801712100001601740700002101756700001901777700002801796700002201824700002401846856013501870       2011                        eng d  a0095-362800aPresence and Diversity of Streptomyces in Dendroctonus and Sympatric Bark Beetle Galleries Across North America0 aPresence and Diversity of Streptomyces in Dendroctonus and Sympa  cMay  a759-7680 v613 aRecent studies have revealed several examples of intimate associations between insects and Actinobacteria, including the Southern Pine Beetle Dendroctonus frontalis and the Spruce Beetle Dendroctonus rufipennis. Here, we surveyed Streptomyces Actinobacteria co-occurring with 10 species of Dendroctonus bark beetles across the United States, using both phylogenetic and community ecology approaches. From these 10 species, and 19 other scolytine beetles that occur in the same trees, we obtained 154 Streptomyces-like isolates and generated 16S sequences from 134 of those. Confirmed 16S sequences of Streptomyces were binned into 36 distinct strains using a threshold of 0.2% sequence divergence. The 16S rDNA phylogeny of all isolates does not correlate with the distribution of strains among beetle species, localities, or parts of the beetles or their galleries. However, we identified three Streptomyces strains occurring repeatedly on Dendroctonus beetles and in their galleries. Identity of these isolates was corroborated using a house-keeping gene sequence (efTu). These strains are not confined to a certain species of beetle, locality, or part of the beetle or their galleries. However, their role as residents in the woodboring insect niche is supported by the repeated association of their 16S and efTu from across the continent, and also having been reported in studies of other subcortical insects.10aDendroctonus frontalis10aDendroctonus rufipennis1 aHulcr, Jiri1 aAdams, Aaron, S.1 aRaffa, Kenneth1 aHofstetter, Richard, W.1 aKlepzig, Kier, D.1 aCurrie, Cameron, R.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/presence-and-diversity-streptomyces-dendroctonus-and-sympatric-bark-beetle-galleries-across-north-am02086nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245012700055210006900182260000900251300001000260490000600270520137300276653002701649100002301676700002001699700002001719700001801739856013501757       2007                        eng d  a1585-855300aTemperature-dependent effects on mutualistic, antagonistic, and commensalistic interactions among insects, fungi and mites0 aTemperaturedependent effects on mutualistic antagonistic and com  c2007  a47-560 v83 aThe relative abundance and nature of associations between symbiotic species can be affected by abiotic conditions with consequences for population dynamics. We investigated the effects of temperature on the community of mites and fungi associated with the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, an important pest of pine forests in the southern United States. First, we determined whether the growth rates of mutualistic and antagonistic fungi associated with D. frontalis differed in their responses to temperature. Second, we tested the effects of temperature on the abundance of, and interactions among, fungi, mites and beetles within D. frontalis-infested trees. Fungi differed in their growth responses to temperature, resulting in changes in fungal-beetle associations. Mite species associated with D. frontalis also differed in their responses to temperature, resulting in different mite communities associated with bark beetle progeny. The effects of temperature on beetle reproduction could not be assessed because of high wood borer density, but inter-relations among surviving beetles, mites and fungi were altered by temperature. Results support the hypothesis that temperature can produce direct and indirect effects on the web of mutualistic and antagonistic relationships within the community of D. frontalis and their symbiotic mites and fungi.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aHofstetter, R., W.1 aDempsey, T., D.1 aKlepzig, K., D.1 aAyres, M., P.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/temperature-dependent-effects-mutualistic-antagonistic-and-commensalistic-interactions-among-insects02769nas a2200289   4500008004500000020001400045245014200059210006900201260001300270300001000283490000700293520176800300653002902068653002702097653002802124653002402152653001402176653001702190653001302207100002002220700002102240700002302261700002102284700002002305700001902325856013502344       2008                        Engldsh    a0046-225X00aInfluence of temperature on spring flight initiation for southwestern ponderosa pine bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)0 aInfluence of temperature on spring flight initiation for southwe  cFebruary  a57-690 v373 aDetermination of temperature requirements for many economically important insects is a cornerstone of pest management. For bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), this information can facilitate timing of management strategies. Our goals were to determine temperature predictors for flight initiation of three species of Ips bark beetles, five species of Dendroctonus bark beetles, and two genera of bark beetle predators, Enoclerus spp. (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Ostomidae), in ponderosa pine forests of northcentral Arizona. We quantified beetle flight activity using data loggers and pheromone-baited funnel traps at 18 sites over 4 yr. Ambient air temperature was monitored using temperature data loggers located in close proximity to funnel traps. We analyzed degree-day accumulation and differences between minimum, average, and maximum ambient temperature for the week before and week of first beetle capture to calculate flight temperature thresholds. Degree-day accumulation was not a good predictor for initiation of beetle flight. For all species analyzed other than D. adjunctus Blandford, beetles were captured in traps only when springtime temperatures exceeded 15.0[degree]C. D. adjunctus was collected when maximum temperatures reached only 14.5[degree]C. Once initial flights had begun, beetles were often captured when maximum ambient air temperatures were below initial threshold temperatures. Maximum and average air temperatures were a better predictor for beetle flight initiation than minimum temperature. We establish a temperature range for effective monitoring of bark beetles and their predators, and we discuss the implications of our results under climate change scenarios10aDendroctonus brevicornis10aDendroctonus frontalis10aDendroctonus ponderosae10aDendroctonus valens10aEnoclerus10aIps lecontei10aIps pini1 aGaylord, M., L.1 aWilliams, K., K.1 aHofstetter, R., W.1 aMcMillin, J., D.1 aDegomez, T., E.1 aWagner, M., R.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/influence-temperature-spring-flight-initiation-southwestern-ponderosa-pine-bark-beetles-coleoptera-c02098nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245011300055210006900168260001100237300001400248490000700262520134100269653002701610100003001637700002301667700002201690700002601712700002301738856013101761       2007                        eng d  a0045-506700aDifferential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, on Pinus palustris and Pinus taeda0 aDifferential impacts of the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus fr  cAugust  a1427-14370 v373 aPatterns of host use by herbivore pests can have serious consequences for natural and managed ecosystems but are often poorly understood. Here, we provide the first quantification of large differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and longleaf pine, Pinus palustris P. Mill., and evaluate putative mechanisms for the disparity. Spatially extensive survey data from recent epidemics indicate that, per square kilometre, stands of loblolly versus longleaf pine in four forests (380[long dash]1273 km2) sustained 3[long dash]18 times more local infestations and 3[long dash]116 times more tree mortality. Differences were not attributable to size or age structure of pine stands. Using pheromone-baited traps, we found no differences in the abundance of dispersing D. frontalis or its predator Thanasimus dubius Fabricius between loblolly and longleaf stands. Trapping triggered numerous attacks on trees, but the pine species did not differ in the probability of attack initiation or in the surface area of bark attacked by growing aggregations. We found no evidence for postaggregation mechanisms of discrimination or differential success on the two hosts, suggesting that early colonizers discriminate between host species before a pheromone plume is present.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aFriedenberg, Nicholas, A.1 aWhited, Brenda, M.1 aSlone, Daniel, H.1 aMartinson, Sharon, J.1 aAyres, Matthew, P.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/differential-impacts-southern-pine-beetle-dendroctonus-frontalis-pinus-palustris-and-pinus-taeda02420nas a2200205   4500008004500000020001400045245013300059210006900192260000900261300001200270490000700282520164000289653002701929100003001956700002001986700002502006700002502031700002302056856013502079       2008                        Engldsh    a0046-225X00aTemperature extremes, density dependence, and southern pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) population dynamics in east Texas0 aTemperature extremes density dependence and southern pine beetle  cJune  a650-6590 v373 aPrevious studies of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., established that its population in east Texas responds to a delayed density-dependent process, whereas no clear role of climate has been determined. We tested two biological hypotheses for the influence of extreme temperatures on annual southern pine beetle population growth in the context of four alternative hypotheses for density-dependent population regulation. The significance of climate variables and their interaction with population regulation depended on the model of density dependence. The best model included both direct and delayed density dependence of a cubic rather than linear form. Population growth declined with the number of days exceeding 32[degree]C, temperatures previously reported to reduce brood survival. Density dependence also changed with the number of hot days. Growth was highest in years with average minimum winter temperatures. Severely cold winters may reduce Survival, whereas warm winters may reduce the efficiency of spring infestation formation. Whereas most previous studies have incorporated climate as an additive effect on growth, we found that the form of delayed density dependence changed with the number of days >32[degree]C. The interaction between temperature and regulation, a potentially common phenomenon in ecology, may explain why southern pine beetle outbreaks do not occur at perfectly regular intervals. Factors other than climate, such as forest management and direct suppression, may have contributed significantly to the timing, severity, and eventual cessation of outbreaks since the mid-1950s.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aFriedenberg, Nicholas, A.1 aSarkar, Sudipta1 aKouchoukos, Nicholas1 aBillings, Ronald, F.1 aAyres, Matthew, P.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/temperature-extremes-density-dependence-and-southern-pine-beetle-coleoptera-curculionidae-population03797nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245014200055210006900197260001100266300001200277490000800289520304800297653002703345100002703372700002003399700002503419700002403444856013503468       2012                        eng d  a0378-112700aRestoration of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)-hardwood ecosystems severely impacted by the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis)0 aRestoration of shortleaf pine Pinus echinatahardwood ecosystems   cJun 15  a181-2000 v2743 aIn the Southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern USA, pine-hardwood ecosystems have been severely impacted by the interactions of past land use, fire exclusion, drought, and southern pine beetle (SPB, Dendroctonus frontalis). We examined the effects of restoration treatments: burn only (BURN); cut + burn on dry sites (DC + B); cut + burn on sub-mesic sites (MC + B); and reference sites (REF; no cutting or burning) on shortleaf pine-hardwood forests. We also evaluated the effectiveness of seeding native bluestem grasses. Structural (down wood, live and dead standing trees, shrubs, herbaceous layer) and functional (forest floor mass, C, and N; soil C, N, P. and cations; and soil solution N and P) attributes were measured before and the first and second growing seasons after treatment. We used path analysis to test our conceptual model that restoration treatments will have direct and indirect effects on these ecosystems. Total aboveground mass loss ranged from 24.33 Mg ha-1 on the BURN to 74.44 Mg ha-1 on the DC + B treatment; whereas, REF gained 13.68 Mg ha-1 between pre-burn and post-burn. Only DC + B sites had increased soil NO3-N, NH4-N Ca, Mg, and PO4-P and soil solution NO3-N, NH4-N, O-PO4 for several months. We found a significant increase in the density of oak species (Quercus alba, Q. coccinea, Q. montana, Q. rubra, and Q. velutina) on all burn treatments. However, oaks accounted for a smaller proportion of the total stem density than red maple, other tree species, and shrubs. The high densities of woody species other than oaks, coupled with the fast growth rates of some of these species, suggests that oaks will continue to be at a competitive disadvantage in these pine-hardwood communities through time, without further intervention. Pine regeneration was not improved on any of our burned sites with little to no recruitment of pines into the understory after two years and the pine saplings that were present before the burns were killed by fire on all sites. We found an increase in herbaceous layer cover and richness on all fire treatments. DC + B had higher bluestem grass cover than the other treatments, and it was the only treatment with increased bluestem grass cover between the first (2.96%, SE = 0.29) and second (6.88%, SE = 0.70) growing seasons. Our path model showed that fire severity explained a large proportion of the variation in overstory response; and fire severity and overstory response partially explained soil NO3-N. These variables, directly and indirectly, explained 64% of the variation in soil solution NO3-N at 30 cm soil depth (within the rooting zone for most plants). We found a good-fit path model for herbaceous layer response in the second growing season, where fire severity had direct effects on overstory and herbaceous layer responses and indirect effects on herbaceous layer response mediated through overstory response. Our path model explained 46% and 42% of the variation in herbaceous layer cover and species richness, respectively. Published by Elsevier B.V.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aElliott, Katherine, J.1 aVose, James, M.1 aKnoepp, Jennifer, D.1 aClinton, Barton, D.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/restoration-shortleaf-pine-pinus-echinata-hardwood-ecosystems-severely-impacted-southern-pine-beetle01820nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245008600055210006900141260000800210300001200218490000700230520120900237653002701446100001801473700001701491700001901508856011101527       2011                        eng d  a0046-225X00aPredicting County-Level Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks From Neighborhood Patterns0 aPredicting CountyLevel Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks From Neigh  cApr  a273-2800 v403 aThe southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most destructive insect in southern forests. States have kept county-level records on the locations of beetle outbreaks for the past 50 yr. This study determined how accurately patterns of county-level infestations in preceding years could predict infestation occurrence in the current year and if there were emergent patterns that correlated strongly with beetle outbreaks. A variety of methods were tested as infestation predictors, including quantification of either the exact locations of infested grid cells during one or two preceding years, or the neighborhood infestation intensity (number of infested cells in a neighborhood) in these years. The methods had similar predictive abilities, but the simpler methods performed somewhat better than the more complex ones. The factors most correlated with infestations in future years were infestation in the current year and the number of surrounding counties that were infested. Infestation history helped to predict the probability of future infestations in a region, but county-level patterns alone left much of the year-to-year variability unexplained.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aDuehl, Adrian1 aBishir, John1 aHain, Fred, P.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/predicting-county-level-southern-pine-beetle-outbreaks-neighborhood-patterns02315nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245009800055210006900153260001500222300001200237490000800249520166400257653002701921100002201948700002001970700001901990856012402009       2011                        eng d  a0378-112700aSouthern pine beetle regional outbreaks modeled on landscape, climate and infestation history0 aSouthern pine beetle regional outbreaks modeled on landscape cli  cFebruary 1  a473-4790 v2613 aThe southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis, SPB) is the major insect pest of pine species in the southeastern United States. It attains outbreak population levels sufficient to mass attack host pines across the landscape at scales ranging from a single forest stand to interstate epidemics. This county level analysis selected and examined the best climatic and landscape variables for predicting infestations at regional scales. The analysis showed that, for a given county, the most important factor in predicting outbreaks was that the county was classified as in outbreak status in the previous year. Other important factors included minimum winter temperature and the greatest difference between the average of daily minimums and a subsequent low temperature point, precipitation history either seasonally in the previous year or difference from average over the previous 2 years, the synchronizing effect of seasonal temperatures on beetle populations and the relative percentage of total forest area composed of host species. The statistical models showed that climatic variables are stronger indicators of outbreak likelihood than landscape structure and cover variables. Average climatic conditions were more likely to lead to outbreaks than extreme conditions, supporting the notion of coupling between a native insect and its native host. Still, some extreme events (i.e., periods of very low temperature or very high precipitation) did precede beetle infestation. This analysis suggested that there are predisposing and inciting factors at the large scale but the driving factors leading to individual infestations operate at smaller scales.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aDuehl, Adrian, J.1 aKoch, Frank, H.1 aHain, Fred, P.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/southern-pine-beetle-regional-outbreaks-modeled-landscape-climate-and-infestation-history02003nas a2200193   4500008004500000245015600045210006900201260001000270300001200280490000700292520122200299653002701521653000801548100003201556700002901588700002901617700002801646856013501674       2008                        Spandsh  00aKairomonal response of coleopterans associated with Dendroctonus frontalis and two Ips species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in forest of Chiapas, Mexico0 aKairomonal response of coleopterans associated with Dendroctonus  cjunio  a175-1830 v793 aWe assessed the bark beetle diversity and the response of associated predators to aggregation pheromones in pine forests in Chiapas, Mexico. From June to October 2006, 40 Lindgren funnel traps were established with different baits that included frontalin, ipsenol and ipsdienol pheromones and a control (without pheromone). We registered the attractiveness of frontalin to the bark beetle Dendroctonus frontalis (Zimmermann), and ipsenol and ipsdienol to Ips spp. Kairomonal specific response of the predators Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim), Enoclerus ablusus (Ban) and Elacatis sp. was detected. We registered an important increase in abundance of bark beetles and predators during the summer to the beginning of fall. T. chlorodia exhibited differential attraction to the three pheromones evaluated, whereas E. ablusus, Elacatis sp. and Leptostylus sp. were significantly attracted to ipsenol and ipsdienol. This is the first report of kairomonal response of the phytophagous Leptostylus sp. (Cerambycidae) for Mexico. Our results showed that inter-and intra-specific communication between different bark beetles and associated species may occur, which promotes competitive and predator interaction between them.10aDendroctonus frontalis10aIps1 aDominguez-Sanchez, Bernando1 aMacias-Samano, Jorge, E.1 aRamirez-Marcial, Neptali1 aLeon-Cortes, Jorger, L.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/kairomonal-response-coleopterans-associated-dendroctonus-frontalis-and-two-ips-species-coleoptera-cu02264nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245020400055210006900259260000800328300000800336490000700344520154300351653002701894100001801921700002001939856013501959       2012                        eng d  a1049-964400aThe effect of larval predators Thanasimus dubius (Coleoptera: Cleridae), produced by an improved system of rearing, against the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)0 aeffect of larval predators Thanasimus dubius Coleoptera Cleridae  cJan  a1-60 v603 aThe southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (SPB), is known to be a major bark beetle pest of pines throughout the southeastern United States. A common predator of bark beetles, Thanasimus dubius (Coleoptera: Cleridae), has been suggested to play a prevalent role on SPB dynamics. Evaluations of T. dubius have been limited by rearing methods; an artificial diet for larval T. dubius exists, and preservatives such as sorbic acid could help to maximize diet shelf-life and enhance the efficiency of the rearing system. The effects of sorbic acid at different concentrations (0%, 0.1% and 0.2%) in the larval diet for T. dubius were measured, and the effects of increased feeding time intervals (2-3 vs. 5 days) on predator performance evaluated. In addition, an experimental bioassay was conducted where newly hatched T. dubius larvae were released at four densities (0, 50, 100, and 200 per log) on pine logs infested by SPB. Sorbic acid in the diet reduced female fecundity (by 20-40%), but did not affect adult T. dubius size or longevity. However, using this preservative may not be necessary because it had no effect on the overall efficiency of the rearing system, while refreshing the larval diet every 5 days (compared with 2-3 days) did improve its efficiency, even without sorbic acid. The release of larval T. dubius resulted in a highly significant effect on the SPB ratio of increase (RI). This experiment was facilitated by the improvements in our rearing methods. Published by Elsevier Inc.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aCosta, Arnaud1 aReeve, John, D.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/effect-larval-predators-thanasimus-dubius-coleoptera-cleridae-produced-improved-system-rearing-again02484nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245015900055210006900214260001000283300001200293490000800305520170600313653002702019100001802046700001802064700001702082700001802099700002602117856013502143       2007                        eng d  a0022-049300aDevelopment of a satellite-based hazard rating system for Dendroctonus frontallis frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas0 aDevelopment of a satellitebased hazard rating system for Dendroc  cApril  a381-3880 v1003 aThe southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is the most damaging forest insect pest of pines (Pinus spp.) throughout the southeastern United States. Hazard rating schemes have been developed for D. frontalis, but for these schemes to be accurate and effective, they require extensive on-site measurements of stand attributes such as host density, age, and basal area. We developed a stand bazard-rating scheme for several watersheds in the Ouachita Highlands of Arkansas based upon remotely sensed data and a geographic information system. A hazard model was developed using stand attributes (tree species, stand age and density, pine basal area, and landform information) and was used to establish baseline hazard maps for the watersheds. Landsat 7 ETM+ data were used for developing new hazard maps. Two dates of Landsat imagery were used in the analyses (August 1999 and October 1999). The highest correlations between hazard rating scores and remotely sensed variables from either of the dates included individual Landsat 7 ETM+ bands in the near- and mid-infrared regions as well as variables derived from various bands (i.e., Tasseled cap parameters, principal component parameters, and vegetation indices such as the calculated simple ratio and normalized difference vegetation index). Best subset regression analyses produced models to predict stand hazard to southern pine beetle that consisted of similar variables that resembled but were more detailed than maps produced using inverse distance weighted techniques. Although the models are specific for the study area, with modifications, they should be transferable to geographically similar areas.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aCook, Stephen1 aCherry, Shane1 aHumes, Karen1 aGuldin, James1 aWilliams, Christopher  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/development-satellite-based-hazard-rating-system-dendroctonus-frontallis-frontalis-coleoptera-scolyt02372nas a2200193   4500008004500000020001400045245010500059210006900164260000900233300001400242490000700256520167300263653002701936100002001963700002401983700002202007700001902029856013002048       2008                        Engldsh    a0045-506700aForest composition following overstory mortality from southern pine beetle and associated treatments0 aForest composition following overstory mortality from southern p  cJune  a1406-14180 v383 aBark beetle caused mortality continues to play a critical role in determining the composition and structure of forests in North America, and revegetation dynamics following these disturbances are poorly understood. We assessed forest composition following southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, mortality and associated cut and leave suppression, and compared them with undisturbed loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., stands in Texas. Abundant hardwood regeneration dominated the understory, with little loblolly pine regeneration following either mortality event. Disturbances eliminated loblolly pine dominance in these even-aged stands, thus stratifying forest structure and apparently increasing stem density (stems[center dot]ha[long dash]1), richness (species[center dot]ha[long dash]1), and diversity (ha) in the lower strata. Aspect and elevation, presumably through influences on site moisture, were the primary gradients associated with vegetation variation in the canonical correspondence analyses for new regeneration. Mortality from Dendroctonus and cut and leave practices shifted loblolly pine communities to mixed upland hardwoods in model predictions generated by the southern variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator. In addition to being an effective bark beetle control, cut and leave suppression did not alter predicted forest composition 50 years hence when compared with unsuppressed bark beetle-caused mortality. Because of the predicted shift to hardwood domination and a low pine basal area, it is expected that mortality from D. frontalis and cut and leave will substantially reduce future hazards from D. frontalis outbreaks.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aColeman, T., W.1 aClarke, Stephen, R.1 aMeeker, James, R.1 aRieske, L., K.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/forest-composition-following-overstory-mortality-southern-pine-beetle-and-associated-treatments02254nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245013700055210006900192260000800261300001000269490000700279520154700286653002701833100001801860700001601878700001601894700001501910856013501925       2010                        eng d  a0022-300X00aDescription of Parasitorhabditis frontali n. sp (Nemata: Rhabditida) from Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)0 aDescription of Parasitorhabditis frontali n sp Nemata Rhabditida  cMar  a46-540 v423 aA new Parasitorhabditis species with males and females was discovered from the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis and its galleries in loblolly pine. Pinus taeda, growing in Mississippi. Females of the new species have a cupola-shaped tail with a small spike; males possess a 2 + (3+2) + 3 ray pattern on the tail fan with ray 10 reaching the margin, and a distinctive stomatal tooth. Parasitorhabditis frontali n. sp. has some similarities to P. hylurgi Massey, 1974 from Hylurgops pinifex in New York, USA, P. terebranus Massey, 1974 from D. terebrans (Olivier, 1795) in Texas USA, P. ligniperdae Fuchs, 1915 from Hylergops ligniperda (Fabricius, 1787) and P dendroctoni Ruhm, 1956 from D. micans (Kugelann, 1794) in Europe, P alert Fuchs, 1915 isolated from the beetle Hylastes ater (Paykull, 1800) in Germany and P. malii Devdariani and Kakulia, 1970 from Scolytus mali (Bechstein, 1805) within the republic of Georgia. Morphometrics for 44 species of Parasitorhabditis are provided to update older keys. Parasitorhabditis frontali n. sp. was initially grown on Malt Extract (ME) agar with its own microbial contaminants that included a bacterium and fungus. The nematode also grew and reproduced after slices of ME agar with nematodes and microbial contaminants were transferred to water agar. It was killed by E. coil on NGM agar plates commonly used to raise other Rhabditida. Drawings of diagnostic anatomy and low-temperature SEM images of bodies, heads, and tails are provided for cultured specimens from pine beetle frass.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aCarta, L., K.1 aBauchan, G.1 aHsu, C., Y.1 aYuceer, C.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/description-parasitorhabditis-frontali-n-sp-nemata-rhabditida-dendroctonus-frontalis-zimmermann-cole02219nas a2200241   4500008004500000020001400045245012000059210006900179260001000248300001200258490000700270520136700277653002701644100002201671700002301693700002201716700002201738700002401760700002201784700002101806700001501827856013501842       2008                        Engldsh    a0921-297300aSimulating the reciprocal interaction of forest landscape structure and southern pine beetle herbivory using LANDIS0 aSimulating the reciprocal interaction of forest landscape struct  cApril  a403-4150 v233 aThe reciprocal interaction of landscape structure and ecological processes is a cornerstone of modern landscape ecology. We use a simulation model to show how landscape structure and herbivory interact to influence outbreaks of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) in a landscape representative of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. We use LANDIS and its biological disturbance agent module to simulate the effects of landscape composition (proportion of landscape in host area) and host aggregation on the size and severity of insect outbreaks and the persistence of the host species, Table Mountain Pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.). We find that landscape composition is less important in the modeled landscapes than host aggregation in structuring the severity of insect outbreaks. Also, simulated southern pine beetle outbreaks over time tend to decrease the aggregation of host species on the landscape by fragmenting large patches into smaller ones, thereby reducing the severity of future outbreaks. Persistence of Table Mountain pine decreases throughout all simulations regardless of landscape structure. The results of this study indicate that when considering alternative restoration strategies for insect-affected landscapes, it is necessary to consider the patterns of hosts on the landscape as well as the landscape composition.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aCairns, David, M.1 aLafon, Charles, W.1 aWaldron, John, D.1 aTchakerian, Maria1 aCoulson, Robert, N.1 aKlepzig, Kier, D.1 aBirt, Andrew, G.1 aXi, Weimin  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/simulating-reciprocal-interaction-forest-landscape-structure-and-southern-pine-beetle-herbivory-usin02814nas a2200181   4500008004100000245015400041210006900195260001200264300001900276490000800295520209700303653002702400100001702427700001902444700001702463700001702480856013502497       2009                        eng d00aDocumentation and user guides for SPBLOB: a computer simulation model of the joint population dynamics for loblolly pine and the southern pine beetle0 aDocumentation and user guides for SPBLOB a computer simulation m  cJanuary  ai-vii, 1, 3-830 v1143 aSPBLOB is a computer simulation model for the interaction between loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), the economically most important forest crop in the United States, and the southern pine beetle (SPB: Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), the major insect pest for this species. The model simulates loblolly pine stands from time of planting until harvest. It mimics day-to-day changes in SPB populations, and the associated tree mortality caused by these bark beetles. In addition, it provides yearly updates of tree mortality due to competition and of growth for the surviving trees. Chiely, the model and its simulation codes are designed to function as research tools for investigating the inluence of stand properties on SPB activities, and of the reciprocal impact of beetles on tree mortality. Model output relates to both trees and beetles. Simulations provide daily and yearly luctuations in the size, composition, and spread of beetle populations within a stand. Stand types (e.g., plantations derived from seedlings or from clonally generated materials) can be compared in terms of average total merchantable volume of timber per acre at time of harvest and/or by average proportions of surviving trees. Average stand yields in the presence of beetles can also be compared with those when beetles are absent, thus providing a basis for estimating the real cost of beetle damage in loblolly stands. In this Documentation we briely describe the model, then outline the concepts and structure upon which the SPBLOB simulation source code is based. The included User Guides specify the input information regarding a loblolly stand and its environment required to run two executable Simulation Codes - a single-stand Interactive Simulation code, in which a user can specify features they wish the simulated stand to possess, and a Multiple-Simulation code that can be used to run large numbers of independent replicates of various stand designs. These Guides also describe the extensive variety of information about simulated tree and beetle populations that can be retrieved during simulations.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aBishir, John1 aRoberds, James1 aStrom, Brian1 aWan, Xiaohai  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/documentation-and-user-guides-spblob-computer-simulation-model-joint-population-dynamics-loblolly-pi02604nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245012700055210006900182260000800251300001000259490001000269520194500279653002702224100002502251700002302276856013502299       2010                        eng d  a0363-622400aA Methodology for Assessing Annual Risk of Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks Across the Southern Region Using Pheromone Traps0 aMethodology for Assessing Annual Risk of Southern Pine Beetle Ou  cSep  a73-850 v802 13 aAn operational system to forecast infestation trends (increasing, static, declining) and relative population levels (high, moderate, low) of the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis, has been implemented in the Southern and Eastern United States. Numbers of dispersing SPB and those of a major predator (the clerid beetle, Thanasimus dubius) are monitored with multiple-funnel traps baited with the SPB aggregation pheromone frontalin and host volatiles. One to three traps are placed in each county or national forest ranger district to be surveyed for 4 consecutive weeks during the spring, to coincide with the long-range dispersal of SPB. The average number of SPB per trap per day and the ratio of SPB to total catch of SPB and clerids in the current and previous year for the same trapping location are the variables used for predicting infestation trends and population levels for the remainder of the year. An analysis of predicted and actual SPB infestation trends and population levels for 16 States and up to 19 consecutive years (1987-2005) documents the accuracy of the annual prediction system. From 1987 to 1998, predictions at the State level, validated by subsequent infestation detection records for the specific year, proved accurate 68 percent of the time (range 42 to 83 percent) for SPB infestation trend and 69 percent of the time (range 42 to 92 percent) for population level. From 1999 to 2005, the mean accuracy of predictions of SPB infestation trend improved to 82 percent for all States combined (range 71 to 100 percent); mean predictions for population level for States increased in accuracy to 74 percent (range 43 to 100 percent). Despite system limitations, forest managers have come to depend on this early warning system to predict pending outbreaks or collapses of SPB populations. This represents the first effective and validated prediction system for outbreaks of a bark beetle species.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aBillings, Ronald, F.1 aUpton, William, W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/methodology-assessing-annual-risk-southern-pine-beetle-outbreaks-across-southern-region-using-pherom01411nas a2200145   4500008004100000245006900041210006900110260000900179300001100188490000800199520092100207653002701128100001701155856009301172       2011                        eng d00aPopulation Dynamics of Southern Pine Beetle in Forest Landscapes0 aPopulation Dynamics of Southern Pine Beetle in Forest Landscapes  c2011  a91-1080 v1403 aSouthern pine beetle (SPB) is an important pest of Southeastern United States pine forests. Periodic regional outbreaks are characterized by localized areas of tree mortality (infestations) surrounded by areas with little or no damage. Ultimately, this spatiotemporal pattern of tree mortality is driven by the dynamics of SPB populations[long dash]more specifically, by rates of survival, reproduction, development, and dispersal. In turn these rates are driven by the interaction between SPB and its hosts, predators, and climate. In this chapter, the relationship between these factors and SPB population ecology are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on mechanisms that could explain the temporal changes of the population from outbreak to nonoutbreak phases, the dispersal of SPB across a complex forest landscape, and the importance of interpreting the environment using current knowledge of SPB ecology.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aBirt, Andrew  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/population-dynamics-southern-pine-beetle-forest-landscapes01268nas a2200145   4500008004100000245003300041210003300074260000900107300001200116490000800128520087900136653002701015100001701042856006301059       2011                        eng d00aRegional Population Dynamics0 aRegional Population Dynamics  c2011  a109-1280 v1403 aThe population dynamics of the southern pine beetle (SPB) exhibit characteristic fluctuations between relatively long endemic and shorter outbreak periods. Populations exhibit complex and hierarchical spatial structure with beetles and larvae aggregating within individual trees, infestations with multiple infested trees, and regional outbreaks that comprise a large number of spatially distinct infestations. Every year at least some part of the Southern United States experiences outbreaks, and the large and unpredictable timber losses associated with these make the SPB the most important pest of southern tbrests. This chapter reviews the mechanisms that may drive SPB populations at a regional scale. More specifically, it focuses on the initiation and decline of' outbreaks, the patterns of damage within them, and the utility of this knowledge for managing the SPB.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aBirt, Andrew  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/regional-population-dynamics02333nas a2200253   4500008004500000020001400045245013000059210006900189260000900258300001200267490000700279520143100286653002801717653002701745653001301772100003001785700002201815700002101837700002301858700002601881700001501907700002201922856013501944       2008                        Engldsh    a0046-225X00aLack of genetic differentiation in aggressive and secondary bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Arizona0 aLack of genetic differentiation in aggressive and secondary bark  cJune  a817-8240 v373 aBark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) play an important role as disturbance agents in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) forests of Arizona. However, from 2001 to 2003, elevated bark beetle activity caused unprecedented levels of ponderosa pine mortality. A better understanding of the population structure of these species will facilitate analysis of their dispersal patterns and improve management strategies. Here, we use fluorescently labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) analysis to resolve genetic variation among and within sampling locations in northcentral Arizona of Ips pini (Say), Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, and D. frontalis Zimmermann. We generated genetic fingerprints for >500 beetle specimens and analyzed genetic diversity. For all species, gene flow estimates among sampling locations were high, and significant population subdivision was not discernible across a large portion of ponderosa pine forests in Arizona. However, a weak relationship was detected with L pini population structure and elevation. Because of the lack of genetic differentiation detected throughout the large study area, our findings suggest these insects are capable of long distance dispersal and exhibit a high degree of gene flow across abroad region. We conclude that our results are consistent with strong dispersal patterns and large population sizes of all three species.10aDendroctonus brevicomis10aDendroctonus frontalis10aIps pini1 aAllender, Christopher, J.1 aClancy, Karen, M.1 aDeGomez, Tom, E.1 aMcMillin, Joel, D.1 aWoolbright, Scott, A.1 aKeim, Paul1 aWagner, David, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/lack-genetic-differentiation-aggressive-and-secondary-bark-beetles-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytin01987nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245007600055210006900131260001200200300001400212490000700226520137000233653002701603100002201630700002801652700002301680856010201703       2007                        eng d  a0045-506700aWhy does longleaf pine have low susceptibility to southern pine beetle?0 aWhy does longleaf pine have low susceptibility to southern pine   cOctober  a1966-19770 v373 aPine forests throughout the world are subject to disturbance from tree-killing bark beetles, but pine species differ in their susceptibilities. In the southeastern United States, Pinus palustris Mill. suffers far less mortality from the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, than do its sympatric congeners. We tested the commonly invoked hypothesis that P. palustris has relatively low susceptibility because it has higher oleoresin flow than other pines, especially Pinus taeda L. However, seven studies in three states over 6 years refuted the hypothesis that P. palustris and P. taeda differ in their constitutive resin flow or in their capacity to replace resin depleted by either experimental wounding or natural beetle attacks. Additionally, surveys of natural beetle attacks revealed that P. taeda and P. palustris were equally likely to be attacked and killed when they cooccurred in front of growing infestations. Thus, the relative susceptibility of these two species changes with the spatial scale at which they are mixed, and the strong landscape-scale pattern of low mortality in P. palustris is not because individual trees are physiologically less susceptible. Ultimately, the conspicuous differential impact of D. frontalis on P. taeda and P. palustris may be the product of coevolution between tree defenses and beetle behavior.10aDendroctonus frontalis1 aMartinson, Sharon1 aHofstetter, Richard, W.1 aAyres, Matthew, P.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/why-does-longleaf-pine-have-low-susceptibility-southern-pine-beetle01768nas a2200265   4500008004500000020001400045245016900059210006900228260000900297300001200306490000700318520076100325653001701086653002701103653003001130653002701160653002701187653003201214653002901246653002401275100002001299700002001319700002801339856013501367       1998                        Engldsh    a0013-874600aChromosome numbers of Dendroctonus parallelocollis and D. rhizophagus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and new reports of Dendroctonus populations from Mexico and Guatemala0 aChromosome numbers of Dendroctonus parallelocollis and D rhizoph  cJuly  a392-3940 v913 aThe male meiotic karyotypic formulae of Dendroctonus parallelocollis Chapuis and D. rhizophagus Thomas & Bright are 13 AA + Xyp. These karyotypes are similar to those from D. valens LeConte (13 AA + Xyp) and D. terebrans Olivier (12 AA + Xyp), a situation that confirms the taxonomic grouping of these species by morphological characteristics and their status as closely related species. The chromosome numbers and the sexual systems of populations of Dendroctonus adjunctus LeConte, D. approximatus Dietz, D. frontalis Zimmermann, D. mexicanus Hopkins, and D. valens agree with what has been published for these species. No geographic variation in the karyotypes, supernumerary chromosomes, or irregular associations were observed in the species examined.10aDendroctonus10aDendroctonus adjunctus10aDendroctonus approximatus10aDendroctonus frontalis10aDendroctonus mexicanus10aDendroctonus parallelocoris10aDendroctonus rhizophagus10aDendroctonus valens1 aZuniga, Gerardo1 aCisneros, Ramon1 aSalinas-Moreno, Yolanda  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/chromosome-numbers-dendroctonus-parallelocollis-and-d-rhizophagus-coleoptera-scolytidae-and-new-repo01567nas a2200205   4500008004500000020001400045245013600059210006900195260001000264300001200274490000700286520077000293653003001063653002801093653002701121653002701148100003101175700002001206856013501226       2000                        Engldsh    a0013-874600aComparative anatomical and histological study of the alimentary canal if the Dendroctonus fontalis (Coleoptera: Scotylidae) complex0 aComparative anatomical and histological study of the alimentary   cMarch  a303-3110 v933 aIn this study we compared the anatomy and histology of the alimentary canal of Dentroctonus approximatus Dietz, D. mexicanus Hopkins, D. frontalis Zimmermann, and D. brevicomis LeConte. The results show that these species share similar characteristics, and their structural pattern is comparable to that observed in other Dendroctonus species. These 4 species have characteristics not found in other bark beetle genera in the esophagus, crop, proventriculus, and hindgut. The close relationship of the Malpighian tubules to posterior foregut, anterior midgut, and distal hindgut is also different. Additionally, the midgut of the D. frontalis complex species shows a great cellular diversity, which suggests that this region may be involved in pheromone production.10aDendroctonus approximatus10aDendroctonus brevicomis10aDendroctonus frontalis10aDendroctonus mexicanus1 aCisneros, Elba, Diaz Ramon1 aZuniga, Gerardo  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/comparative-anatomical-and-histological-study-alimentary-canal-if-dendroctonus-fontalis-coleoptera-s