02333nas a2200193   4500008004500000020001400045245010500059210006900164260001100233300001200244490000700256520163200263653002801895100002401923700002001947700002201967700002301989856012702012       2008                        Engldsh    a0046-225X00aMultipartite symbioses among fungi, mites, nematodes, and the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis0 aMultipartite symbioses among fungi mites nematodes and the spruc  cAugust  a956-9630 v373 aThe spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis, is an eruptive forest pest of significant economic and ecological importance. D. rufipennis has symbiotic associations with a number of microorganisms, especially the ophiostomatoid fungus Leptographium abietinum. The nature of this interaction is only partially understood. Additionally, mite and nematode associates can mediate bark beetle-fungal interactions, but this has not yet been studied for spruce beetles. In this study, we found eight mite species associated with spruce beetles: Tarsonemus ips, T. endophloeus, Histiogaster arborsignis, Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Proctolaelaps hytricoides, Trichouropoda alascae, T. n. sp. nr dalarenaensis, and Urobovella n. sp 767. The most prevalent species was H. arborsignis. In addition, 75% of beetles examined carried nematodes, with six species represented. These included a new species of Parasitorhabditis, Ektaphelenchus obtusus, Bursaphelenchus n. sp. 727, Aphelenchoides n. sp., Panagrolaimus sp., and Mykoletzkya ruminis. H. arborsignis showed strong feeding and oviposition preferences for L. abietinum among four fungal species tested in laboratory assays. Information on our attempts to culture the various nematode species collected from D. rufipennis is also provided. Bursaphelenchus were cultured from D. rufipennis nematangia plated on agar containing L. abietinum but not sterile agar, Thus, L. abietinum plays an important role in these gallery communities, affecting the tree-killing bark beetle, its phoretic mites, and nematodes. These data add to our understanding of bark beetle-microorganism interactions.10aDendroctonus rufipennis1 aCardoza, Yasmin, J.1 aMoser, John, C.1 aKlepzig, Kier, D.1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/multipartite-symbioses-among-fungi-mites-nematodes-and-spruce-beetle-dendroctonus-rufipennis02435nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245011200055210006900167260000800236300001200244490000800256520166300264653002801927653002801955653001301983100002401996700002702020700001802047700002302065856012902088       2009                        eng d  a0013-870300aSurvey and phylogenetic analysis of culturable microbes in the oral secretions of three bark beetle species0 aSurvey and phylogenetic analysis of culturable microbes in the o  cMay  a138-1470 v1313 aIn a recent study, we reported a previously undescribed behavior in which a bark beetle exuded oral secretions containing bacteria that have antifungal properties, and hence defend their galleries against pervasive antagonistic Hyphomycete fungi. Actinobacteria, a group known for their antibiotic properties, were the most effective against fungi that invade the spruce beetle galleries. In the present study, we describe the isolation and identification of microorganisms from oral secretions of three bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and the pine engraver, Ips pini Say. Bacteria isolated from these three species span the major bacterial classes [alpha]-, [beta]-, and [gamma]-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, except for D. ponderosae, which yielded no [alpha]-proteobacteria or Bacteroidetes isolates. Spruce beetles and pine engraver beetles had similar numbers of [alpha]-proteobacteria isolates, but pine engravers yielded twice as many Bacteroidetes isolates as spruce beetles. In contrast, mountain pine beetles yielded more isolates in the [beta]- and [gamma]-proteobacteria than spruce beetles and pine engravers. The highest percentage of Actinobacteria was obtained from spruce beetles, followed by pine engravers and mountain pine beetles. All of the fungal isolates obtained from the three beetle species were Ascomycetes. The greatest fungal diversity was obtained in spruce beetles, which had nine species, followed by pine engravers with five, and mountain pine beetles with one.10aDendroctonus ponderosae10aDendroctonus rufipennis10aIps pini1 aCardoza, Yasmin, J.1 aVasanthakumar, Archana1 aSuazo, Alonso1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/survey-and-phylogenetic-analysis-culturable-microbes-oral-secretions-three-bark-beetle-species