02742nas a2200241   4500008004100000020001400041245011100055210006900166260000800235300001200243490000700255520191500262653002402177100002102201700002602222700002002248700002002268700002302288700001902311700002102330700002202351856012702373       2011                        eng d  a0098-033100aAttraction of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, to Avocado, Lychee, and Essential Oil Lures0 aAttraction of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle Xyleborus glabratus to   cSep  a932-9420 v373 aThe redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is an exotic wood-boring insect that vectors the mycopathogen responsible for laurel wilt, a lethal vascular disease of trees in the Lauraceae. High mortality has occurred in native Persea species in the southeastern U. S., and the vector-pathogen complex poses an imminent threat to the production of commercial avocado, P. americana, in south Florida. There is a critical need for effective attractants to detect, monitor, and control this invasive pest. This study combined field tests and laboratory bioassays to evaluate the response of female X. glabratus to host-based volatiles from wood of avocado (cultivars of West Indian, Guatemalan, and Mexican races); from wood of lychee (Litchi chinensis, a presumed non-host that is high in the sesquiterpene [alpha]-copaene, a putative attractant); and to commercial lures containing manuka and phoebe oils, two reported attractive baits. Volatile collections and GC-MS analyses were performed to quantify the sesquiterpene content of test substrates. In the field, traps baited with lychee wood captured more beetles than those with wood from avocado cultivars; traps baited with phoebe oil lures captured more beetles than those with manuka oil lures (the current monitoring tool). In field and laboratory tests, X. glabratus did not show a preference among avocado races in either attraction or host acceptance ( initiation of boring). In choice tests, lychee was more attractive than avocado initially, but a higher percentage of beetles bored into avocado, suggesting that lychee emits more powerful olfactory/visual cues, but that avocado contains more of the secondary cues necessary for host recognition. Emissions of [alpha]-copaene, [beta]-caryophyllene, and [alpha]-humulene were correlated with field captures, and lychee wood may be a source of additional semiochemicals for X. glabratus.10aXyleborus glabratus1 aKendra, Paul, E.1 aMontgomery, Wayne, S.1 aNiogret, Jerome1 aPena, Jorge, E.1 aCapinera, John, L.1 aBrar, Gurpreet1 aEpsky, Nancy, D.1 aHeath, Robert, R.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/attraction-redbay-ambrosia-beetle-xyleborus-glabratus-avocado-lychee-and-essential-oil-lures01549nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245010000055210006900155260001300224300001400237490000700251520091200258653002401170100001601194700001901210700002601229856011201255       2011                        eng d  a0098-033100aThe Scent of a Partner: Ambrosia Beetles Are Attracted to Volatiles from Their Fungal Symbionts0 aScent of a Partner Ambrosia Beetles Are Attracted to Volatiles f  cDecember  a1374-13770 v373 aInvasive fungus-growing ambrosia beetles are an emerging threat to forest ecosystems and fruit industries, but management tools are lacking. Here we explored the potential of beetle symbionts-ambrosia fungi-as a source of attractants. Our focus was the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, and its symbiotic fungus, Raffaelea lauricola, which are devastating lauraceous hosts in the southeastern United States. We also tested three additional co-occurring beetle species and their symbionts. Each beetle species was consistently attracted to the odors of its symbiotic fungal species, occasionally also to symbionts of other species, but never to non-symbiotic Trichoderma. We further confirmed attraction to ethanol (positive control) in some species. Thus, ambrosia fungi produce volatiles attractive to their vector beetles, which may have potential as novel lures for ambrosia beetle management.10aXyleborus glabratus1 aHuler, Jiri1 aMann, Rajinder1 aStelinski, Lukasz, L.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/scent-partner-ambrosia-beetles-are-attracted-volatiles-their-fungal-symbionts02209nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245009800055210006900153260000800222300001400230490000700244520158700251653002801838100002201866700002801888856012301916       2011                        eng d  a0098-033100aOleoresin Chemistry Mediates Oviposition Behavior and Fecundity of a Tree-Killing Bark Beetle0 aOleoresin Chemistry Mediates Oviposition Behavior and Fecundity   cNov  a1177-11830 v373 aMany herbivores are sensitive to the secondary chemistry of their host plants. However, the influence of pine secondary chemicals (monoterpenes) on bark beetle fitness is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that the monoterpene composition of the phloem oleoresin of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa var scopulorum, mediates rates of host acceptance, oviposition behavior, and fecundity of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis. We performed reciprocal rearing experiments, controlling for the monoterpene composition (chemotype) of host material. We tested the effects of two geographically interspersed host chemotypes on beetles with unknown (wild) and known (reared F1) chemical histories. Host chemotype and insect chemical history did not affect rates of acceptance of host material by female beetles. Insect chemical history affected egg gallery construction, and beetles constructed egg galleries that were on average 24.3% longer when reared in host material that was chemically similar to their natal host material. However, mean egg gallery lengths did not differ between host chemotypes. Insect chemical history also influenced fecundity: F1 beetles produced 52.7% more offspring on average when reared in host material that was chemically similar to their natal host. Our experiments demonstrate that the chemical history of bark beetles mediates egg gallery construction and fecundity, but not host acceptance. This implicates chemical history as a more important factor than host chemotype in the oviposition behavior and fecundity of D. brevicomis.10aDendroctonus brevicomis1 aDavis, Thomas, S.1 aHofstetter, Richard, W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/oleoresin-chemistry-mediates-oviposition-behavior-and-fecundity-tree-killing-bark-beetle02725nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245010900055210006900164260000800233300001200241490000700253520206300260100002602323700002402349700002202373700002202395856012602417       2011                        eng d  a0098-033100aAttraction Modulated by Spacing of Pheromone Components and Anti-attractants in a Bark Beetle and a Moth0 aAttraction Modulated by Spacing of Pheromone Components and Anti  cAug  a899-9110 v373 aOrientation for insects in olfactory landscapes with high semiochemical diversity may be a challenging task. The partitioning of odor plumes into filaments that are interspersed with pockets of 'clean air' may help filament discrimination and upwind flight to attractive sources in the face of inhibitory signals. We studied the effect of distance between odor sources on trap catches of the beetle, Ips typographus, and the moth, Spodoptera littoralis. Insects were tested both to spatially separated pheromone components (cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol for Ips; (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate for Spodoptera), and to separated pheromone and anti-attractant sources (non-host volatile (NHV) blend for Ips; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate for Spodoptera). Trap catch data were complemented with simulations of plume structure and plume overlap from two separated sources using a photo ionization detector and soap bubble generators. Trap catches of the beetle and the moth were both affected when odor sources in the respective traps were increasingly separated. However, this effect on trap catch occurred at smaller (roughly by an order of magnitude) odor source separation distances for the moth than for the beetle. This may reflect differences between the respective olfactory systems and central processing. For both species, the changes in trap catches in response to separation of pheromone components occurred at similar spacing distances as for separation of pheromone and anti-attractant sources. Overlap between two simulated plumes depended on distance between the two sources. In addition, the number of detected filaments and their concentration decreased with downwind distance. This implies that the response to separated odor sources in the two species might take place under different olfactory conditions. Deploying multiple sources of anti-attractant around a pheromone trap indicated long-distance (meter scale) effects of NHV on the beetle and a potential use for NHV in forest protection.1 aAndersson, Martin, N.1 aBinyameen, Muhammad1 aSadek, Medhat, M.1 aSchlyter, Fredrik  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/attraction-modulated-spacing-pheromone-components-and-anti-attractants-bark-beetle-and-moth02704nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245011800055210006900173260000800242300001200250490000700262520200500269653001702274100002102291700002102312700001902333700002302352856013502375       2011                        eng d  a0098-033100aResponses of Bark Beetle-Associated Bacteria to Host Monoterpenes and Their Relationship to Insect Life Histories0 aResponses of Bark BeetleAssociated Bacteria to Host Monoterpenes  cAug  a808-8170 v373 aBark beetles that colonize living conifers and their microbial associates encounter constitutive and induced chemical defenses of their host. Monoterpene hydrocarbons comprise a major component of these allelochemicals, and many are antibiotic to insects, fungi, and bacteria. Some bark beetle species exhaust these defenses by killing their host through mass attacks mediated by aggregation pheromones. Others lack adult aggregation pheromones and do not engage in pheromone-mediated mass attacks, but rather have the ability to complete development within live hosts. In the former species, the larvae develop in tissue largely depleted of host terpenes, whereas in the latter exposure to these compounds persists throughout development. A substantial literature exists on how monoterpenes affect bark beetles and their associated fungi, but little is known of how they affect bacteria, which in turn can influence beetle performance in various manners. We tested several bacteria from two bark beetle species for their ability to grow in the presence of a diversity of host monoterpenes. Bacteria were isolated from the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, which typically kills trees during colonization, and the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte, which often lives in their host without causing mortality. Bacteria from D. ponderosae were gram-positive Actinobacteria and Bacilli; one yeast also was tested. Bacteria from D. valens were Actinobacteria, Bacilli, and [gamma]-Proteobacteria. Bacteria from D. valens were more tolerant of monoterpenes than were those from D. ponderosae. Bacteria from D. ponderosae did not grow in the presence of [alpha]-pinene and 3-carene, and grew in, but were inhibited by, [beta]-pinene and [beta]-phellandrene. Limonene and myrcene had little inhibitory effect on bacteria from either beetle species. Tolerance to these antibiotic compounds appears to have resulted from adaptation to living in a terpene-rich environment.10aDendroctonus1 aAdams, Aaron, S.1 aBoone, Celia, K.1 aBohlmann, Jorg1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/responses-bark-beetle-associated-bacteria-host-monoterpenes-and-their-relationship-insect-life-histo