02598nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245013200055210006900187260001000256300001200266490000800278520197400286100002502260700002102285856013402306       2009                        eng d  a0030-129900aAdditive and synergistic integration of multimodal cues of both hosts and non-hosts during host selection by woodboring insects0 aAdditive and synergistic integration of multimodal cues of both   cApril  a553-5630 v1183 aHost selection by herbivorous insects is primarily thought to depend on attraction to olfactory cues emitted from the host species. However, the discrimination of these hosts from non-host species may also arise from the adaptive detection and avoidance of non-host cues, including visual characteristics. Many generalist, conifer-colonising beetles, for example, use characteristic volatiles to identify and discriminate against non-host angiosperm trees such as aspens and birches while flying. These trees also differ in bark reflectance characteristics, which could also mediate host/non-host discrimination by interacting with semiochemicals. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the responses of eight species of polyphagous woodboring beetles to traps which simulated the visual appearance of coniferous hosts (black) and angiosperm non-hosts (white), and which were baited with host or non-host volatiles. As predicted, three species of large woodboring beetle and a woodboring wasp all avoided white, non-host-simulating traps that were baited with attractive kairomones, and preferred black, host-simulating traps. Conversely, three ambrosia beetle species demonstrated weaker visual preferences, possibly because they preferentially colonise fallen hosts that would transmit less accurate visual information. However, the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum did show a greater preference for host-coloured traps when these released host-associated kairomones in addition to their pheromone, and also avoided white non-host traps, but only when these released non-host volatiles. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that multiple non-host cues could synergistically mediate the adaptive discrimination of hosts and non-hosts. Our results suggest that successful host location by generalists arises from the complex integration of cues in multiple sensory modes, and that foraging herbivores evaluate both hosts and non-hosts during their search.1 aCampbell, Stuart, A.1 aBorden, John, H.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/additive-and-synergistic-integration-multimodal-cues-both-hosts-and-non-hosts-during-host-selection00760nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245019900055210006900254260002100323300001200344490000800356653002700364100002500391700002100416700001800437856013500455       2005                        eng d  a0008-347X00aAntennae of Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) detect two pheromone components of coniferophagous bark beetles in the stems of Salix sitchensis and Salix scouleriana (Salicaceae)0 aAntennae of Cryptorhynchus lapathi Coleoptera Curculionidae dete  cNovember-Decembe  a716-7180 v13710aCryptorhynchus lapathi1 aBroberg, Cynthia, L.1 aBorden, John, H.1 aGries, Regine  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/antennae-cryptorhynchus-lapathi-coleoptera-curculionidae-detect-two-pheromone-components-coniferopha02912nas a2200181   4500008004500000020001400045245012200059210006900181260001100250300001400261490000800275520220800283653002802491100002102519700002602540700002902566856013502595       2008                        Engldsh    a0022-049300aSynergistic blends of monoterpenes for aggregation pheromones of the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)0 aSynergistic blends of monoterpenes for aggregation pheromones of  cAugust  a1266-12750 v1013 aThe superiority of the host monoterpene myrcene as a synergist for trans-verbenol and exo-brevicomin, aggregation pheromone components of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), suggests that the ancestral host of the mountain pine beetle is a pine rich in myrcene. A field trapping experiment in British Columbia testing reconstituted bole oleoresin of whitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis Engelmann, composed of mainly myrcene (20.7%), terpinolene (6.8%), and 3-carene (61.9%) showed it to be a better pheromone synergist than reconstituted bole oleoresin of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta variety latifolia Engelmann, which contained only 2.7, 1.0, and 6.0%, respectively, of the above-mentioned three compounds. In the same experiment myrcene alone was the best synergist. In subsequent experiments, testing myrcene, terpinolene and 3-carene alone and in all possible binary and ternary combinations, a 50:50 blend of myrcene and terpinolene released at the same rate as either compound alone generally resulted in trap catches 3 times higher than with myrcene as a synergist. This result held as long as the terpinolene was free of contaminants, and the traps were in the open, well away from potential interference of semiochemicals emitted by newly attacked trees. 3-Carene seemed to be inert or slightly inhibitory. No single monoterpene tested alone or in binary or ternary combination in the absence of pheromones was attractive. There was no effect of doubling or tripling the release rate of myrcene or terpinolene. In five of nine experiments, adding terpinolene to myrcene caused a significant increase in the percentage of female mountain pine beetles captured. Among host pines, the presence of highly synergistic monoterpenes at various levels in combination with other monoterpenes that are apparently either inert or inhibitory could account for different degrees of pheromone synergism, and thus host preference. The highly synergistic effect of combining myrcene plus terpinolene with the mountain pine beetle aggregation pheromone components opens up the potential for suppression of populations through semiochemical-based mass trapping.10aDendroctonus ponderosae1 aBorden, John, H.1 aPureswaran, Deepa, S.1 aLafontaine, Jean, Pierre  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/synergistic-blends-monoterpenes-aggregation-pheromones-mountain-pine-beetle-coleoptera-curculionidae01527nas a2200181   4500008004500000020001400045245013500059210006900194260001300263300001400276490000700290520082200297653002701119100002501146700002101171700001801192856013501210       2005                        Engldsh    a0046-225X00aOlfactory and feeding preferences of Cryptorhynchus lapathi L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) among hybrid clones and natural poplars0 aOlfactory and feeding preferences of Cryptorhynchus lapathi L Co  cDecember  a1606-16130 v343 aHybrid poplar clones show varying levels of attack by Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.), a wood-boring weevil. We studied differences in olfactory and feeding behavior among four different hybrid poplars in a series of laboratory bioassays. Weevils did not discriminate between resistant and susceptible clones base() on olfaction in pitfall bioassays or antennal responses but did discriminate against the most resistant hybrid, NM 6 (P. nigra L. X P. maximowiczii Henry), in choice and no-choice paired-twig feeding bioassays. In addition, the susceptible hybrid, TN 302-9 (P. trichocarpa Torrey and Gray X P. nigra), was preferred for feeding over Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hooker, a preferred host in the wild. We conclude that resistance among hybrid poplars is in part based on antixenotic cues before oviposition.10aCryptorhynchus lapathi1 aBroberg, Cynthia, L.1 aBorden, John, H.1 aGries, Regine  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/olfactory-and-feeding-preferences-cryptorhynchus-lapathi-l-coleoptera-curculionidae-among-hybrid-clo02054nas a2200181   4500008004500000020001400045245008900059210006900148260001300217300001200230490000800242520141500250653002701665100002501692700002101717700001801738856011601756       2006                        Engldsh    a0008-347X00aOlfactory and feeding preferences of Cryptorhynchus lapathi among hosts and nonhosts0 aOlfactory and feeding preferences of Cryptorhynchus lapathi amon  cMay-June  a357-3660 v1383 aIn British Columbia, native willows (Salix spp.) (Salicaceae) and, to a lesser extent, black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) (Salicaceae) are frequently attacked by the poplar and willow borer, Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) (Betulaceae), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh) (Aceraceae) are not attacked. We studied olfaction and feeding preferences in the laboratory and feeding, oviposition, and emergence in the field. Female C. lapathi preferred Scouler's willow (Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.) over all other species by olfaction, but males did not discriminate between Scouler's willow and black cottonwood or trembling aspen. All species elicited at least some attraction in no-choice situations. Willow was generally preferred for feeding, but black cottonwood and red alder were also acceptable, unlike trembling aspen or bigleaf maple. In field caging experiments, adult weevils emerged from willow, black cottonwood, and red alder. We conclude that olfaction and feeding preferences are sufficiently powerful to mediate the frequent attack observed on native willows, the intermediate levels of attack on cottonwood, and the absence of attack on red alder. Successful development on red alder suggests that C. lapathi could expand its host range to include this species.10aCryptorhynchus lapathi1 aBroberg, Cynthia, L.1 aBorden, John, H.1 aGries, Regine  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/olfactory-and-feeding-preferences-cryptorhynchus-lapathi-among-hosts-and-nonhosts02081nas a2200181   4500008004500000020001400045245012400059210006900183260002100252300001200273490000800285520137500293653002701668100002501695700002101720700002301741856013501764       2001                        Engldsh    a0008-347X00aHost range, attack dynamics, and impact of Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Salix (Salicaceae) spp0 aHost range attack dynamics and impact of Cryptorhynchus lapathi   cJanuary-February  a119-1300 v1333 aThe poplar and willow borer, Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.), known to be present in British Columbia since 1923, primarily attacks species of Salix L. (Salicaceae) and Populus L. (Salicaceae). Larvae bore into stems, causing them to break easily. The impact of the weevil has been rising in recent years because of the increasing importance of poplar and willow from both economic and ecological perspectives. We conducted a study at 45 locations in British Columbia to determine host use among native Salix spp. and the between- and within-tree dynamics of C. lapathi. There were 11 new host records, but the incidence of attack was similar among species. Attacked trees were larger in general and had more dead wood and stems, more adventitious branches per stem, more total breaks per stem, and more naturally caused breaks per stem than their attack-free neighbours. Breaks caused by C. lapathi tended to be slightly larger in diameter and lower on the stem than naturally caused breaks. Bases of stems were preferentially attacked, and C. lapathi selected large stems in which to oviposit. As large attack-free trees become less abundant, weevils apparently start to attack small-diameter stems. Although C. lapathi is adversely affecting the health of willows in British Columbia, there is no evidence that any Salix species is threatened by weevil-caused extinction.10aCryptorhynchus lapathi1 aBroberg, Cynthia, L.1 aBorden, John, H.1 aHumble, Leland, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/host-range-attack-dynamics-and-impact-cryptorhynchus-lapathi-coleoptera-curculionidae-salix-salicace00625nas a2200169   4500008004500000020001400045245009100059210006900150260001000219300001200229490000700241653002700248100002500275700002100300700002300321856011100344       2002                        Engldsh    a0045-506700aDistribution and abundance of Cryptorhynchus lapathi on Salix spp. in British Columbia0 aDistribution and abundance of Cryptorhynchus lapathi on Salix sp  cMarch  a561-5680 v3210aCryptorhynchus lapathi1 aBroberg, Cynthia, L.1 aBorden, John, H.1 aHumble, Leland, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/distribution-and-abundance-cryptorhynchus-lapathi-salix-spp-british-columbia01869nas a2200169   4500008004500000020001400045245015300059210006900212260001300281300001400294490000700308520117600315653002701491100002501518700002101543856013501564       2005                        Engldsh    a0022-049300aHybrid poplar clones with Populus maximowimii parentage demonstrate postoviposition antibiosis to Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)0 aHybrid poplar clones with Populus maximowimii parentage demonstr  cDecember  a2254-22590 v983 aDamage caused by the poplar-and-willow borer, Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is reported to vary among hybrid poplar clones. We evaluated oviposition preferences and larval success in four hybrid poplars on potted and field-planted trees. Oviposition occurred somewhat less frequently and abundantly on two clones with Populus maximowiczii Henry parentage in field-planted and potted trees, and significantly fewer larvae survived to adulthood on those clones. No adults emerged from field-planted NM 6 (Populus nigra L. X P. maximowiczii) and four emerged from TM 256-28 (Populus trichocarpa Torrey & Gray X P. maximowiczii) on which male-female pairs of C. lapathi had been caged. In contrast, 50 and 140 adults emerged over the same 2-yr period from two susceptible clones (n = 20), TD 52-226 (P. trichocarpa X Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall) and TN 302-9 (P. trichocarpa X P. nigra), respectively. Thus, resistance expressed by clones with P. maximowiczii parentage partially involves decreased levels of oviposition, but more significantly, antibiosis in resistant clones prevents the development of larvae, probably in early spring.10aCryptorhynchus lapathi1 aBroberg, Cynthia, L.1 aBorden, John, H.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/hybrid-poplar-clones-populus-maximowimii-parentage-demonstrate-postoviposition-antibiosis-cryptorhyn00764nas a2200169   4500008004500000020001400045245019900059210006900258260002100327300001200348490000800360653002700368100002500395700002100420700001800441856013500459       2005                        Engldsh    a0008-347X00aAntennae of Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) detect two pheromone components of coniferophagous bark beetles in the stems of Salix sitchensis and Salix scouleriana (Salicaceae)0 aAntennae of Cryptorhynchus lapathi Coleoptera Curculionidae dete  cNovember-Decembe  a716-7180 v13710aCryptorhynchus lapathi1 aBroberg, Cynthia, L.1 aBorden, John, H.1 aGries, Regine  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/antennae-cryptorhynchus-lapathi-coleoptera-curculionidae-detect-two-pheromone-components-coniferopha