02328nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245010900055210006900164260000800233300001000241490000800251520166200259653003001921100002101951700002401972700002401996856012602020       2010                        eng d  a0013-874600aAssessing the threat posed by indigenous exotics: a case study of two North American bark beetle species0 aAssessing the threat posed by indigenous exotics a case study of  cJan  a39-490 v1033 aThe Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, was detected in 2001 in nor-them Minnesota outside its natural range and the range of its native hosts, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, and western larch, Larix occidentalis Nutt. Consecutive years of detection indicated that D. pseudotsugae may have been established in a new environment and provided a possible example of an indigenous exotic species in North America. Pheromone-baited logs of P. menziesii and tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. were placed at four sites in northern Minnesota in air attempt to detect this indigenous exotic. Bark was removed from one half of logs and checked for D. pseudotsugae galleries. The remaining logs were left intact and reared to collect adult beetles the following spring. No D. pseudotsugae galleries were identified and no adults of the indigenous exotic were located. Along with the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, native Minnesota populations of Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) and Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg) colonized P. menziesii logs. The reciprocal study was conducted in Montana, primarily to determine whether D. pseudotsugae would attack pheromone-baited logs of L. laricina. Logs from the Minnesota and Montana experiments were used to estimate the success of D. simplex and D. pseudotsugae in the non-native hosts P. menziesii and L. laricina, respectively. Both D. simplex and D. pseudotsugae successfully colonized and reproduced in non-native logs in the field, albeit at low numbers. The potential threat of indigenous exotic species to North American forests also is discussed.10aDendroctonus pseudotsugae1 aDodds, Kevin, J.1 aGilmore, Daniel, W.1 aSeybold, Steven, J.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/assessing-threat-posed-indigenous-exotics-case-study-two-north-american-bark-beetle-species02167nas a2200253   4500008004100000020001400041245010500055210006900160260001100229300001200240490000700252520129700259653002801556100002301584700002201607700002801629700002001657700002001677700002301697700002101720700002101741700002401762856012701786       2010                        eng d  a0006-356800aClimate Change and Bark Beetles of the Western United States and Canada: Direct and Indirect Effects0 aClimate Change and Bark Beetles of the Western United States and  cSep 10  a602-6130 v603 aClimatic changes are predicted to significantly affect the frequency and severity of disturbances that shape forest ecosystems. We provide a synthesis of climate change effects on native bark beetles, important mortality agents of conifers in western North America. Because of differences in temperature-dependent life-history strategies, including cold-induced mortality and developmental timing, responses to warming will differ among and within bark beetle species. The success of bark beetle populations will also be influenced indirectly by the effects of climate on community associates and host-tree vigor, although little information is available to quantify these relationships. We used available population models and climate forecasts to explore the responses of two eruptive bark beetle species. Based on projected warming, increases in thermal regimes conducive to population success are predicted for Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) and Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, although there is considerable spatial and temporal variability. These predictions from population models suggest a movement of temperature suitability to higher latitudes and elevations and identify regions with a high potential for bark beetle outbreaks and associated tree mortality in the coming century.10aDendroctonus rufipennis1 aBentz, Barbara, J.1 aRegniere, Jacques1 aFettig, Christopher, J.1 aHansen, Matthew1 aHayes, Jane, L.1 aHicke, Jeffrey, A.1 aKelsey, Rick, G.1 aNegron, Jose, F.1 aSeybold, Steven, J.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/climate-change-and-bark-beetles-western-united-states-and-canada-direct-and-indirect-effects