03000nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245016900055210006900224260000800293300001200301490000800313520221500321653002802536100002802564700002602592700002802618700002502646856013502671       2012                        eng d  a0022-049300aResponses of Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Behavioral Assays: Implications to Development of a Semiochemical-Based Tool for Tree Protection0 aResponses of Dendroctonus brevicomis Coleoptera Curculionidae in  cFeb  a149-1600 v1053 aCurrently, techniques for managing western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), infestations are limited to tree removals (thinning) that reduce stand density and presumably host susceptibility, and/or the use of insecticides to protect individual trees. There continues to be significant interest in developing an effective semiochemical-based tool for protecting trees from D. brevicomis attack, largely as an alternative to conventional insecticides. The responses of D. brevicomis to tree volatiles and verbenone were documented in eight experiments (trapping assays) conducted over a 4-yr period in which 88,942 individuals were collected. Geraniol, a tree volatile unique to Pinus ponderosa that elicits female-specific antennal responses in D. brevicomis, did not affect D. brevicomis behavior. Blends of two green leaf alcohols (hexanol + (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol) tested at two release rates (5.0 and 100.0 mg/d) had no effect on the response of D. brevicomis to attractant-baited traps. A nine-component blend ( benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, guaiacol, nonanal, salicylaldehyde, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (-)-verbenone; NAVV) and subsequent revisions of this blend disrupted the response of D. brevicomis to attractant-baited traps in all experiments. The inhibitory effect of a revised five-component blend (nonanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (-)-verbenone; NAVV5) on the response of mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins, to attractant-baited traps was also documented. Acetophenone significantly reduced D. brevicomis attraction, but was not as effective as verbenone alone. Acetophenone increased the effectiveness of NAVV5 in one of two experiments. Furthermore, by adding acetophenone to NAVV5 we were able to remove the aldehydes from NAVV5 without compromising effectiveness, resulting in a novel four-component blend ( acetophenone, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol + (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (-)-verbenone; Verbenone Plus). We discuss the implications of these and other results to development of Verbenone Plus as a semiochemical-based tool for management of D. brevicomis and D. ponderosae infestations.10aDendroctonus brevicomis1 aFettig, Christopher, J.1 aMcKelvey, Stephen, R.1 aDabney, Christopher, P.1 aHuber, Dezene, P. W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/responses-dendroctonus-brevicomis-coleoptera-curculionidae-behavioral-assays-implications-developmen02236nas a2200229   4500008004500000020001400045245016400059210006900223260000800292300001200300490000700312520136000319653002901679653002801708653000801736653002301744100002801767700002201795700002601817700002801843856013501871       2008                        Engldsh    a0045-506700aBlacks mountain experimental forest: bark beetle responses to differences in forest structure and the application of prescribed fire in interior ponderosa pine0 aBlacks mountain experimental forest bark beetle responses to dif  cMay  a924-9350 v383 aMechanical thinning and the application of prescribed fire are commonly used tools in the restoration of fire-adapted forest ecosystems. However, few studies have explored their effects on subsequent amounts of bark beetle caused tree mortality in interior ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws. var. ponderosa. In this study, we examined bark beetle responses to creation of midseral (low diversity) and late-seral stages (high diversity) and the application of prescribed fire on 12 experimental units ranging in size from 76 to 136 ha. A total of 9500 (5.0% of all trees) Pinus and Abies trees died 2 years after treatment of which 28.8% (2733 trees) was attributed to bark beetle colonization. No significant difference in the mean percentage of trees colonized by bark beetles was found between low diversity and high diversity. The application of prescribed fire resulted in significant increases in bark beetle caused tree mortality (all species) and for western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, Ips spp., and fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeConte, individually. Approximately 85.6% (2339 trees) of all bark beetle caused tree mortality occurred on burned split plots. The implications of these and other results to sustainable forest management are discussed.10aDendroctonus brevicornis10aDendroctonus ponderosae10aIps10aScolytus ventralis1 aFettig, Christopher, J.1 aBorys, Robert, R.1 aMcKelvey, Stephen, R.1 aDabney, Christopher, P.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/blacks-mountain-experimental-forest-bark-beetle-responses-differences-forest-structure-and-applicati