02021nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245008400055210006900139260001000208300001200218490000600230520136500236653002301601100002101624700002401645700002401669700002701693856010701720       2010                        eng d  a1742-566200aMultidisciplinary fingerprints: forensic reconstruction of an insect reinvasion0 aMultidisciplinary fingerprints forensic reconstruction of an ins  cApr 6  a677-6860 v73 aAn unexpected outbreak of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis, an insect pest of cotton, across the Southern Rolling Plains (SRP) eradication zone of west-central Texas, USA, was detected soon after passage of Tropical Storm Erin through the Winter Garden district to the south on 16 August 2007. The synchrony and broad geographic distribution of the captured weevils suggest that long-distance dispersal was responsible for the reinvasion. We integrated three types of assessment to reconstruct the geographic origin of the immigrants: (i) DNA fingerprinting; (ii) pollen fingerprinting; and (iii) atmospheric trajectory analysis. We hypothesized the boll weevils originated in the Southern Blacklands zone near Cameron, or in the Winter Garden district near Uvalde, the nearest regions with substantial populations. Genetic tests broadly agree that the immigrants originated southeast of the SRP zone, probably in regions represented by Uvalde or Weslaco. The SRP pollen profile from weevils matched that of Uvalde better than that of Cameron. Wind trajectories supported daily wind-aided dispersal of weevils from the Uvalde region to the SRP from 17 to 24 August, but failed to support migration from the Cameron region. Taken together the forensic evidence strongly implicates the Winter Garden district near Uvalde as the source of reinvading boll weevils.10aAnthonomus grandis1 aKim, Kyung, Seok1 aJones, Gretchen, D.1 aWestbrook, John, K.1 aSappington, Thomas, W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/multidisciplinary-fingerprints-forensic-reconstruction-insect-reinvasion01951nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245006900055210006800124260000900192300001200201490000700213520139600220653002301616100002401639700002501663856009301688       2009                        eng d  a0191-612200aCotton pollen retention in boll weevils: a laboratory experiment0 aCotton pollen retention in boll weevils a laboratory experiment  c2009  a157-1650 v333 aCotton pollen is thought to exist in the gut of boll weevils for at least 24 hours. Because finding whole or broken cotton pollen grains are valuable clues in determining when boll weevils were living in cotton, the retention of cotton pollen in the gut of the weevil was examined. Boll weevils were fed cotton buds, cotton flowers, and water for five days, then they were placed into cleaned cages without any food. However they were allowed to drink water freely. Weevils were examined at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the buds and flowers were removed. One hundred weevils were dissected at each time interval, and each gut was placed onto a glass slide. Light microscopy was used to determine the presence or absence of cotton pollen. More weevils (63%) at 0 hours contained pollen than weevils at any other interval. Whole pollen grains were not found in weevils after 24 hours. The 120 hour interval contained a single weevil with pollen. In the laboratory test, whole cotton pollen grains indicated that feeding on cotton occurred within 24 hours. When only halves and fragments of pollen were found,cotton feeding occurred 48-120 hours earlier. Additionally, when six or more cotton pollen grains were found in a weevil, it had fed on cotton within 24 hours. This information narrows the boll weevil dispersal times and distances from cotton fields and over-wintering areas.10aAnthonomus grandis1 aJones, Gretchen, D.1 aGreenberg, Shoil, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/cotton-pollen-retention-boll-weevils-laboratory-experiment