02021nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245008400055210006900139260001000208300001200218490000600230520136500236653002301601100002101624700002401645700002401669700002701693856010701720       2010                        eng d  a1742-566200aMultidisciplinary fingerprints: forensic reconstruction of an insect reinvasion0 aMultidisciplinary fingerprints forensic reconstruction of an ins  cApr 6  a677-6860 v73 aAn unexpected outbreak of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis, an insect pest of cotton, across the Southern Rolling Plains (SRP) eradication zone of west-central Texas, USA, was detected soon after passage of Tropical Storm Erin through the Winter Garden district to the south on 16 August 2007. The synchrony and broad geographic distribution of the captured weevils suggest that long-distance dispersal was responsible for the reinvasion. We integrated three types of assessment to reconstruct the geographic origin of the immigrants: (i) DNA fingerprinting; (ii) pollen fingerprinting; and (iii) atmospheric trajectory analysis. We hypothesized the boll weevils originated in the Southern Blacklands zone near Cameron, or in the Winter Garden district near Uvalde, the nearest regions with substantial populations. Genetic tests broadly agree that the immigrants originated southeast of the SRP zone, probably in regions represented by Uvalde or Weslaco. The SRP pollen profile from weevils matched that of Uvalde better than that of Cameron. Wind trajectories supported daily wind-aided dispersal of weevils from the Uvalde region to the SRP from 17 to 24 August, but failed to support migration from the Cameron region. Taken together the forensic evidence strongly implicates the Winter Garden district near Uvalde as the source of reinvading boll weevils.10aAnthonomus grandis1 aKim, Kyung, Seok1 aJones, Gretchen, D.1 aWestbrook, John, K.1 aSappington, Thomas, W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/multidisciplinary-fingerprints-forensic-reconstruction-insect-reinvasion01951nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245006900055210006800124260000900192300001200201490000700213520139600220653002301616100002401639700002501663856009301688       2009                        eng d  a0191-612200aCotton pollen retention in boll weevils: a laboratory experiment0 aCotton pollen retention in boll weevils a laboratory experiment  c2009  a157-1650 v333 aCotton pollen is thought to exist in the gut of boll weevils for at least 24 hours. Because finding whole or broken cotton pollen grains are valuable clues in determining when boll weevils were living in cotton, the retention of cotton pollen in the gut of the weevil was examined. Boll weevils were fed cotton buds, cotton flowers, and water for five days, then they were placed into cleaned cages without any food. However they were allowed to drink water freely. Weevils were examined at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the buds and flowers were removed. One hundred weevils were dissected at each time interval, and each gut was placed onto a glass slide. Light microscopy was used to determine the presence or absence of cotton pollen. More weevils (63%) at 0 hours contained pollen than weevils at any other interval. Whole pollen grains were not found in weevils after 24 hours. The 120 hour interval contained a single weevil with pollen. In the laboratory test, whole cotton pollen grains indicated that feeding on cotton occurred within 24 hours. When only halves and fragments of pollen were found,cotton feeding occurred 48-120 hours earlier. Additionally, when six or more cotton pollen grains were found in a weevil, it had fed on cotton within 24 hours. This information narrows the boll weevil dispersal times and distances from cotton fields and over-wintering areas.10aAnthonomus grandis1 aJones, Gretchen, D.1 aGreenberg, Shoil, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/cotton-pollen-retention-boll-weevils-laboratory-experiment02371nas a2200217   4500008004500000020001400045245011000059210006900169260001300238300001400251490000700265520160000272653002301872653003101895100002201926700002301948700002101971700001601992700001602008856012902024       2008                        Engldsh    a0046-225X00aEffects of photoperiod on boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) development, survival, and reproduction0 aEffects of photoperiod on boll weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae d  cDecember  a1396-14020 v373 aEffects of photoperiod on development, survival, feeding and oviposition of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were assessed under five different photophases (24, 14,12, 10, and 0 h) at a constant 27 [degree]C temperature and 65% RH in the laboratory. Analyses of our results detected positive relationships between photoperiod and puncturing (mean numbers of oviposition and feeding punctures per day), and oviposition (oviposition punctures/oviposition+feeding punctures) activities, and the proportion of squares attacked by boll weevil females. When boll weevil females developed in light: darkness cycles, they produced a significantly higher percentage of eggs developing to adulthood than those developed in 24-h light or dark conditions. In long photoperiod (24:0 and 14:10 h), the number of female progeny),vas significantly higher and their development time was significantly shorter than those developed in short photoperiod (0:24 and 10:14 h). Lifetime oviposition was significantly highest at 12- and 14-h photophase, lowest at 0- and 10-h photophase, and intermediate at 24 h of light. Life table calculations indicated that boll weevil populations developed in a photoperiod of 14:10 and 12:12 (L: D) h will increase an average of two-fold each generation (Ro) compared with boll weevils developed in 24:0- and 10:14-h photoperiods and 15-fold compared with those at 0:24 h. Knowledge of the photoperiod-dependent population growth potential is critical for understanding population dynamics to better develop sampling protocols and timing insecticide applications.10aAnthonomus grandis10aAnthonomus grandis grandis1 aGreenberg, S., M.1 aSappington, T., W.1 aAdamczyk, J., J.1 aLiu, T., X.1 aSetamou, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/effects-photoperiod-boll-weevil-coleoptera-curculionidae-development-survival-and-reproduction02279nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245012000055210006900175260001300244300001200257490000700269520166600276653002301942100002101965856013501986       2007                        eng d  a0046-225X00aEvaluation of puncture types as indicators of boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) oviposition in cotton squares0 aEvaluation of puncture types as indicators of boll weevil Coleop  cFebruary  a183-1860 v363 aReproductive boll weevil populations are typically identified by the presence of a frass seal and protuberance at the oviposition site in cotton squares. However, despite the occurrence of other oviposition puncture seal types and their use in previous fecundity studies, the relationship of these respective puncture seal types and oviposition has not been clearly examined. In this study, newly eclosed females (=24 h old, but mated at 4 d of age) were fed fresh squares daily for 8 d to determine oviposition frequency in relation to individual puncture seal types. Puncture seal types were classified as unsealed; puncture with frass seal; puncture with wax seal; and puncture with wax seal and partially covered with frass. Overall, no significant associations were detected between the types of sealed punctures, and the frequency of oviposition in sealed punctures ranged from 64.6 (wax-seal with frass) to 72.9% (frass-sealed) during 2001 and 53.4 (wax-sealed) to 55.2% (wax-seal with frass) during 2002. Examination of individual trials revealed considerable variability in oviposition associated with all sealed puncture types. Oviposition also occurred in unsealed punctures by mated females in all trials. Because of the high degree of oviposition observed in punctures not normally associated as oviposition sites (i.e., wax-seal with frass, wax-seal), this study clearly shows the need to consider other puncture types as potential indicators of reproductive weevil populations. These results will be critical in boll weevil management programs where accurate detection of reproductive weevil populations is crucial for continued pest suppression.10aAnthonomus grandis1 aEsquivel, J., F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/evaluation-puncture-types-indicators-boll-weevil-coleoptera-curculionidae-oviposition-cotton-squares02223nas a2200241   4500008004100000020001400041245014900055210006900204260000900273300001200282490000700294520127000301653002301571100003101594700003301625700002401658700003001682700002901712700003401741700003701775700003401812856013501846       2009                        eng d  a1317-526200aInfestation index and mortality factors of the cotton boll weavil weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the semi-arid southeast of Bahia, Brazil0 aInfestation index and mortality factors of the cotton boll weavi  c2009  a111-1220 v243 aThe boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a pest that limits the production of cotton, especially in the North East of Brazil. The present study aimed to estimate the infestation index and natural mortality of boll weevil at Caraibas County, located in the semi-arid of the Southwest of Bahia. Te experiment was performed using the cultivar BSR Aroeira, at Fazenda Lagoa Seca, in 2006. Weekly evaluations were performed, in fve sampling areas 25m2, collecting blossoms fallen on the ground. The infestation was estimated by counting the oviposition punctures and /or the feeding on blossoms, and also by the presence of one of the phases of the boll weevil in the inside. Mortality factors were studied through the dissection of blossoms, estimating predation, parasitism, dissection and disease. The results obtained allowed to conclude that the boll weevil determines high infestation levels in the region. Parasitism, dissection and predation, following this order, determine high rates of real mortality of the pest. Catolaccus grandis Burks, 1954 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Bracon sp.(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are parasitoids of boll weevil reported in sothwestern Bahia, being the frst one the predominant species.10aAnthonomus grandis1 aCardoso, Urbano, Pinchemel1 aCastellani, Maria, Aparecida1 aForti, Luiz, Carlos1 aJunior, Ayres, de Oliveir1 aMoreira, Aldenise, Alves1 aColmenarez, Yelitza, Coromoto1 ade Oliveira, Marcelo, Eduardo Co1 aBittencourt, Maria, Aparecida  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/infestation-index-and-mortality-factors-cotton-boll-weavil-weevil-coleoptera-curculionidae-semi-arid01553nas a2200169   4500008004500000020001400045245008400059210006900143300001200212490000700224520095400231653002301185653002801208100002101236700002001257856010601277       1987                        Engldsh    a0147-172400aA comparison of electromorphs of Anthonomus grandis and Anthonomus peninsularis0 acomparison of electromorphs of Anthonomus grandis and Anthonomus  a217-2220 v123 aAn electrophoretic survey of 12 enzyme systems was conducted on the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, and on the closely related species, Anthonomus peninsularis Dietz. All specimens were collected from pheromone traps. The objectives were to determine if isozyme patterns could be used to distinguish the two species, to elucidate some of the difficult taxonomic relationships in this genus, and to start a database on electrophoretic variation in species closely related to the boll weevil. Esterase and isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme systems were found to be totally discriminatory for these two species. Other isozymes showed polymorphisms in Anthonomus peninsularis, but they were very similar to boll weevil electromorphic patterns. The ability to identify closely related species that respond to the same trap, by electrophoretic analysis and by morphological examination, could be important in area-wide boll weevil control programs.10aAnthonomus grandis10aAnthonomus peninsularis1 aBartlett, A., C.1 aLeggett, J., E.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/comparison-electromorphs-anthonomus-grandis-and-anthonomus-peninsularis02477nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245007800055210006900133260000900202300001200211490000900223520195700232653002302189100001602212856009102228       2009                        eng d  a1059-264400aTWENTY FIVE YEARS OF PRESENCE OF THE COTTON BOLL WEEVIL IN THE SOUTH CONE0 aTWENTY FIVE YEARS OF PRESENCE OF THE COTTON BOLL WEEVIL IN THE S  c2009  a987-9920 v20093 aThe cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, was first detected in Brazil in February of 1983. From there, it moved to neighboring Paraguay in 1991 and subsequently to Argentina in 1993. Today, it is present in the most important cotton producing areas of the region. This insect pest has caused much economic and social damage in the South Cone of South America, repeating the havoc it had previously brought to cotton producing countries in more northern latitudes. At its arrival to Brazil, an eradication program was proposed but never implemented for political and environmental reasons. The boll weevil changed Brazilian cotton geography and the way cotton was grown, from the traditional subsistence crop-sharing system in the Northeast and small holder agriculture system in the mid- South, to present fully mechanized large farming systems of the mid-West, previously not yet infested by the pest. In Paraguay, where cotton was vital to an essentially agricultural economy, the pest has brought an overall area reduction of 80%. In Argentina, it was contained for many years from the great Chaco producing area, now also infested. Control actions are carried out by farmers individually and are a combination of cultural and chemical control methods. Since the arrival of the boll weevil to the region, an increase in pest control costs due to recurrent insecticide sprayings has made cotton production less competitive in the world market. The presence of the boll weevil in the South Cone nullifies any potential benefit of the recently introduced bollworm resistant GM cultivars. Area wide suppression efforts have been initiated in some Brazilian states. With the eradication in the US, countries to the South will have to strengthen their research efforts if they are to continue to produce cotton in the presence of the boll weevil. The author analyses the cotton production in the South Cone since the arrival of the boll weevil.10aAnthonomus grandis1 aBarbosa, S.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/twenty-five-years-presence-cotton-boll-weevil-south-cone01928nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245008600055210006900141260000900210300001200219490000900231520130900240653002301549100002101572700002101593700002201614856011001636       2007                        eng d  a1059-264400aFECUNDITY OF FEMALE BOLL WEEVILS UNALTERED AFTER SURVIVING LD50 DOSE OF MALATHION0 aFECUNDITY OF FEMALE BOLL WEEVILS UNALTERED AFTER SURVIVING LD50   c2007  a356-3600 v20073 aThree day old female boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, reared from field-infested cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. squares, were allowed to mate, then topically treated with predetermined LD50 (2 [mu]g) of malathion to assess its effects on fecundity, oviposition and body fat condition over a ten day period. Cotton squares and artificial diet were used as food sources on malathion-treated and nontreated. The LD50 caused [approximately equal]50% mortality in the square-fed malathion treatment, but the artificial diet-fed malathion treated weevils were less susceptible. LD50 survivors fed squares produced >=9 times more chorionated eggs in the ovaries and oviposited >=19-fold more eggs than survivors fed artificial diet regardless of the malathion treatment. Boll weevils that survived a 2 [mu]g (LD50) and fed squares were [approximately equal]4.5-fold leaner than diet-fed weevils. Our findings demonstrate that nonresistant boll weevils surviving a sublethal dose of malathion will reproduce without any delay or significant loss in fecundity, and the food source for which boll weevils are maintained will directly affect the results. The significance of these findings and how they are related to the final stages of boll weevil eradicating from the United States are discussed.10aAnthonomus grandis1 aArmstrong, Scott1 aGreenberg, Shoil1 aSetamou, Mamoudou  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/fecundity-female-boll-weevils-unaltered-after-surviving-ld50-dose-malathion00643nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245013200055210006900187260000900256300001200265490000700277653002300284100002100307700002300328856013400351       2007                        eng d  a0749-800400aInterference of boll weevil trapping by spiders (Araneida) and an evaluation of trap modification to reduce unwanted arthropods0 aInterference of boll weevil trapping by spiders Araneida and an   cJuly  a392-3980 v4210aAnthonomus grandis1 aArmstrong, Scott1 aRichman, David, B.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/interference-boll-weevil-trapping-spiders-araneida-and-evaluation-trap-modification-reduce-unwanted01962nas a2200265   4500008004100000020001400041245018800055210006900243260000800312300001200320490000700332520093200339653002301271100002701294700002601321700002801347700002701375700003001402700003201432700002701464700001901491700002101510700003001531856013501561       2010                        eng d  a0965-174800aMidgut GPI-anchored proteins with alkaline phosphatase activity from the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) are putative receptors for the Cry1B protein of Bacillus thuringiensis0 aMidgut GPIanchored proteins with alkaline phosphatase activity f  cFeb  a138-1450 v403 aCry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used for insect control. They interact with specific receptors located on the host cell surface and are activated by host proteases following receptor binding resulting in midgut epithelial cells lysis. In this work we had cloned, sequenced and expressed a cry1Ba toxin gene from the B thuringiensis S601 strain which was previously shown to be toxic to Anthonomus grandis, a cotton pest. The Cry1Ba6 protein expressed in an acrystaliferous B. thuringiensis strain was toxic to A. grandis in bioassays. The binding of Cry1Ba6 toxin to proteins located in the midgut brush border membrane of A. grandis was analyzed and we found that Cry1Ba6 binds to two proteins (62 and 65 kDa) that showed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. This work is the first report that shows the localization of Cry toxin receptors in the midgut cells of A. grandis. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.10aAnthonomus grandis1 aMartins, Erica, Soares1 aMonnerat, Rose, Gomes1 aQueiroz, Paulo, Roberto1 aDumas, Vinicius, Fiuza1 aBraz, Shelida, Vasconcelo1 aAguiar, Raimundo, Wagner de1 aGomes, Ana, Cristina M1 aSanchez, Jorge1 aBravo, Alejandra1 aRibeiro, Bergmann, Morais  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/midgut-gpi-anchored-proteins-alkaline-phosphatase-activity-cotton-boll-weevil-anthonomus-grandis-are01487nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245015300055210006900208260000900277300001000286490000600296520086700302653002301169100002301192700002101215700001901236856005001255       2007                        eng d  a1676-568000aGenetic diversity of Brazilian natural populations of Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the major cotton pest in the New World0 aGenetic diversity of Brazilian natural populations of Anthonomus  c2007  a23-320 v63 aTwenty-five RAPD loci and 6 isozyme loci were studied to characterize the genetic variability of natural populations of Anthonomus grandis from two agroecosystems of Brazil. The random-amplified polymorphic DNA data disclosed a polymorphism that varied from 52 to 84% and a heterozygosity of 0.189 to 0.347. The index of genetic differentiation (GST) among the six populations was 0.258. The analysis of isozymes showed a polymorphism and a heterozygosity ranging from 25 to 100% and 0.174 to 0.277, respectively. The genetic differentiation (FST) among the populations obtained by isozyme data was 0.544. It was possible to observe rare alleles in the populations from the Northeast region. The markers examined allowed us to distinguish populations from large-scale, intensive farming region (cotton belts) versus populations from areas of small-scale farming.10aAnthonomus grandis1 aMartins, W., F. S.1 aAyres, C., F. J.1 aLucena, W., A.  uhttp://www.funpecrp.com.br/GMR/all_issues.htm