02558nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245016600055210006900221260000900290300001200299490000700311520171500318653002402033100002302057700002602080700002802106700002102134700002702155700002302182856013502205       2009                        eng d  a1049-964400aWhere to sample? Ecological implications of sampling strata in determining abundance and impact of natural enemies of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei0 aWhere to sample Ecological implications of sampling strata in de  cJune  a245-2530 v493 aSeveral parasitoids of African origin have been introduced to coffee producing areas of the Americas and Asia as biological control agents of the coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). These parasitoids have become established in the field but their effect on the CBB has been limited. A two-year field study in Western Kenya has found Prorops nasuta (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) to be the predominant parasitoid emerging from CBB-infested coffee berries collected on coffee trees or from the ground. P. nasuta comprises more than 75% of the total natural enemies collected. The density of A nasuta was 90% higher in the berries collected from the ground than from the trees. Its hyperparasitoid, Aphanogmus sp. (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae), also emerged from both type of berries. Across the two seasons, the average A nasuta density per berry was 18-35 times higher than that of Aphanogmus sp. Throughout the two years sampled, significantly higher numbers of P. nasuta and Aphanogmus sp. occurred between February and March, which coincides with the beginning of the rainy season. Higher numbers of live CBB females were recorded in berries collected from the trees. Nevertheless, mortality of adult CBB was considerably higher from January to March and started to decrease from April onwards. The possibly negative effects of cultural control practices in Latin America which include the removal of berries fallen to the ground on biological control of CBB are discussed, and the use of screened collection devices for these berries which would permit the release of parasitoids but prevent escape of the pest is proposed. [copyright] 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aHypothenemus hampei1 aJaramillo, Juliana1 aChabi-Olaye, Adenirin1 aBorgemeister, Christian1 aKamonjo, Charles1 aPoehling, Hans-Michael1 aVega, Fernando, E.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/where-sample-ecological-implications-sampling-strata-determining-abundance-and-impact-natural-enemie02652nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245009600055210006900151260000900220300001200229490000700241520187900248653002402127100002402151700002302175700002202198700002002220700002102240700002202261700002302283856011602306       2009                        eng d  a1049-964400aThe biology of Phymastichus coffea LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) under field conditions0 abiology of Phymastichus coffea LaSalle Hymenoptera Eulophidae un  cJune  a227-2330 v493 aThe coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) was accidentally introduced into Mexico, in 1978, and rapidly became the main pest of coffee. As an exotic pest, its management has been mainly based on biological control methods through the introduction of parasitoids from Africa. In this context, at the beginning of the present decade, the parasitoid Phymastichus coffea LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was imported to Mexico. Since then, several studies have been carried out as part of the post introduction evaluation of this parasitoid. In this paper. information concerning the parasitism and life-cycle of A coffea in coffee farms is presented with the objective of providing information that elucidates its role as a biological control agent. A coffea showed highly significant preferences for allocation of two eggs per host, usually one female and one male. Both offspring are able to develop and reach the adult stage successfully. Lifespan of adults is 2-3 days only. The degree of parasitism by P. coffea was more than 95% at the three altitudes tested, when releases consisted of a ratio of 10 CBB:1 parasitoid. The median survivorship of CBB parasitized by this wasp was 13, 15 and 19 days at the low, medium and high altitude coffee zones, respectively. The parasitism by P. coffea was higher when parasitoid releases were carried out simultaneously with the CBB, and decreased with the time between host and parasitoid releases. We showed that using P. coffea at a density of 1 parasitoid per 10 hosts resulted in a 3- to 5.6-fold decrease in CBB damage to the coffee seeds when compared to the control. The importance and value of these results are discussed in terms of the use of P. coffea as a biological control agent of the CBB in Latin America. [copyright] 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aHypothenemus hampei1 aEspinoza, Julio, C.1 aInfante, Francisco1 aCastillo, Alfredo1 aPerez, Jeanneth1 aNieto, Guadalupe1 aPinson, Erika, P.1 aVega, Fernando, E.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/biology-phymastichus-coffea-lasalle-hymenoptera-eulophidae-under-field-conditions