02258nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245012400055210006900179260000900248300001100257490000700268520144800275653001301723100002201736700002701758700002601785700002501811700002201836700001901858700002301877856012801900       2007                        eng d  a0334-511400aComposition of the bacterial community in the gut of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera) colonizing red pine0 aComposition of the bacterial community in the gut of the pine en  c2007  a97-1040 v433 aThe gut bacterial community of a bark beetle, the pine engraver Ips pini (Say), was characterized using culture-dependent and culture- independent methods. Bacteria from individual guts of larvae, pupae and adults were cultured and DNA was extracted from samples of pooled larval guts. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified directly from the gut community suggests that the gut bacterial communities associated with I. pini are relatively simple, compared to many other systems. Six bacterial genera from four classes were detected by culturing gut bacteria from larvae, pupae and adults. Two genera, Pantoea and Stenotrophomonas ([gamma]-Proteobacteria) were found in all life stages of I. pini, consistently in larvae and adults, and less commonly in pupae. Sequences that affiliate with the Enterobactereaceae of the [gamma]-Proteobacteria were found in 95% of the clones sampled. The Enterobactereaceae genera, Pantoea and Erwinia, accounted for 88% of all clone sequences. These results are consistent with previous work indicating that another bark beetle, the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, also has a relatively simple gut flora, compared with wood colonizing insects such as wood borers and termites. The composition and abundance of bacteria associated with different life stages of I. pini are possibly associated with specific functions of the gut bacterial communities of larvae, pupae, and adults10aIps pini1 aDelalibera, Italo1 aVasanthakumar, Archana1 aBurwitz, Benjamin, J.1 aSchloss, Patrick, D.1 aKlepzig, Kier, D.1 aHandelsman, Jo1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/composition-bacterial-community-gut-pine-engraver-ips-pini-say-coleoptera-colonizing-red-pine02435nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245011200055210006900167260000800236300001200244490000800256520166300264653002801927653002801955653001301983100002401996700002702020700001802047700002302065856012902088       2009                        eng d  a0013-870300aSurvey and phylogenetic analysis of culturable microbes in the oral secretions of three bark beetle species0 aSurvey and phylogenetic analysis of culturable microbes in the o  cMay  a138-1470 v1313 aIn a recent study, we reported a previously undescribed behavior in which a bark beetle exuded oral secretions containing bacteria that have antifungal properties, and hence defend their galleries against pervasive antagonistic Hyphomycete fungi. Actinobacteria, a group known for their antibiotic properties, were the most effective against fungi that invade the spruce beetle galleries. In the present study, we describe the isolation and identification of microorganisms from oral secretions of three bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and the pine engraver, Ips pini Say. Bacteria isolated from these three species span the major bacterial classes [alpha]-, [beta]-, and [gamma]-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, except for D. ponderosae, which yielded no [alpha]-proteobacteria or Bacteroidetes isolates. Spruce beetles and pine engraver beetles had similar numbers of [alpha]-proteobacteria isolates, but pine engravers yielded twice as many Bacteroidetes isolates as spruce beetles. In contrast, mountain pine beetles yielded more isolates in the [beta]- and [gamma]-proteobacteria than spruce beetles and pine engravers. The highest percentage of Actinobacteria was obtained from spruce beetles, followed by pine engravers and mountain pine beetles. All of the fungal isolates obtained from the three beetle species were Ascomycetes. The greatest fungal diversity was obtained in spruce beetles, which had nine species, followed by pine engravers with five, and mountain pine beetles with one.10aDendroctonus ponderosae10aDendroctonus rufipennis10aIps pini1 aCardoza, Yasmin, J.1 aVasanthakumar, Archana1 aSuazo, Alonso1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/survey-and-phylogenetic-analysis-culturable-microbes-oral-secretions-three-bark-beetle-species