02235nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245011600055210006900171260000800240300001200248490000700260520141800267653002701685653002801712100001601740700002101756700001901777700002801796700002201824700002401846856013501870       2011                        eng d  a0095-362800aPresence and Diversity of Streptomyces in Dendroctonus and Sympatric Bark Beetle Galleries Across North America0 aPresence and Diversity of Streptomyces in Dendroctonus and Sympa  cMay  a759-7680 v613 aRecent studies have revealed several examples of intimate associations between insects and Actinobacteria, including the Southern Pine Beetle Dendroctonus frontalis and the Spruce Beetle Dendroctonus rufipennis. Here, we surveyed Streptomyces Actinobacteria co-occurring with 10 species of Dendroctonus bark beetles across the United States, using both phylogenetic and community ecology approaches. From these 10 species, and 19 other scolytine beetles that occur in the same trees, we obtained 154 Streptomyces-like isolates and generated 16S sequences from 134 of those. Confirmed 16S sequences of Streptomyces were binned into 36 distinct strains using a threshold of 0.2% sequence divergence. The 16S rDNA phylogeny of all isolates does not correlate with the distribution of strains among beetle species, localities, or parts of the beetles or their galleries. However, we identified three Streptomyces strains occurring repeatedly on Dendroctonus beetles and in their galleries. Identity of these isolates was corroborated using a house-keeping gene sequence (efTu). These strains are not confined to a certain species of beetle, locality, or part of the beetle or their galleries. However, their role as residents in the woodboring insect niche is supported by the repeated association of their 16S and efTu from across the continent, and also having been reported in studies of other subcortical insects.10aDendroctonus frontalis10aDendroctonus rufipennis1 aHulcr, Jiri1 aAdams, Aaron, S.1 aRaffa, Kenneth1 aHofstetter, Richard, W.1 aKlepzig, Kier, D.1 aCurrie, Cameron, R.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/presence-and-diversity-streptomyces-dendroctonus-and-sympatric-bark-beetle-galleries-across-north-am03107nas a2200205   4500008004500000020001400045245014500059210006900204260001100273300001400284490000800298520232800306653001302634100002702647700002102674700002302695700002102718700002802739856013402767       2008                        Engldsh    a0378-112700aFactors influencing pine engraver (Ips pini Say) colonization of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws.) slash in Northern Arizona0 aFactors influencing pine engraver Ips pini Say colonization of p  c15 May  a3541-35480 v2553 aThinning projects have increased in recent years to reduce standing fuels and fire hazard within the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) and to improve general forest conditions through forest health restoration treatments. As a consequence, large volumes of thinning slash have been generated, increasing the potential for growth of bark beetle (Ips spp.) populations. Because slash can initiate outbreaks in standing trees, a critical examination of slash management guidelines is needed to minimize bark beetle impacts associated with thinning treatments. Specifically, we examined effects of season of slash cutting, sunlight intensity (stand density) and log size on pine engraver (Ips pini Say) reproduction in North-central Arizona, USA. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex. Laws.) trees were felled and cut to 16 sizes (diameters of 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm and lengths of 15, 30, 45, and 60 cm) in October, January, April and July, for 2 years. The 16 logs of differing size were placed in groups in overstory stand densities of 5, 14, and 27.5 m2/ha (representing high, partial, and low sunlight levels). Response variables included attack density, emergence density, and beetle population growth rate. Log length had a positive relationship with both attack and emergence density. Log diameter had a significant effect on attack and emergence density, with a preference shown for intermediate diameter bolts. During a year with above average winter precipitation, cutting date and the interaction of cutting date and light level had significant effects on attack density. Fewer beetles attacked both bolts that had been exposed for longer periods of time and logs exposed to high sunlight levels. Cutting date, and the interaction of cutting date and light level, influenced emergence density, but light level alone did not. Emergence density was lowest in spring-cut logs in both years. Cutting date also had an effect on beetle population growth rate, with fall-cut logs having the highest population growth, while light level had no effect. Extended time-since-cutting (e.g. fall cutting), high light levels and small log diameter did not consistently cause reductions in beetle attack and reproductive performance as was hypothesized. Implications of these results for slash management guidelines are discussed.10aIps pini1 aHayes, Christopher, J.1 aDeGomez, Tom, E.1 aMcMillin, Joel, D.1 aAnhold, John, A.1 aHofstetter, Richard, W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/factors-influencing-pine-engraver-ips-pini-say-colonization-ponderosa-pine-pinus-ponderosa-dougl-ex