01791nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245007400055210006900129260000900198300001000207490000700217520122800224653003001452100002301482700002301505856009301528       2010                        eng d  a0370-432700aArtificial diets for the rearing of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier0 aArtificial diets for the rearing of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Ol  c2010  a83-880 v933 aLaboratory rearing of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (RPW) on natural or semi-artificial diets is a problem outside of the RPW's native countries because it may be difficult to find some dietary components and/or their preparation is too expensive or laborious. Therefore, we carried out studies on alternative ingredients to prepare more practical and economical feeding substrata for weevil rearing. The life cycle parameters of RPW were tested in the laboratory using the artificial diets of other authors but with the replacement of some components, i.e. a mixture of unidentified cereals with buckwheat alone (Diet 1) or molasses with polyfloral honey (Diet 2). Further tests were carried out on alternative diets, respectively composed of honey, dried coconut cake and oat (Diet3) or commercial apple mousse (Diet 4). Growth time, weight and mortality of R. ferrugineus larvae, and female fecundity were significantly different among Diet 1, Diet 2 and Diet 4, while the pupal period and mortality, adult female longevity and egg fertility did not differ. Diet 3 appeared unsuitable for R. ferrugineus larval survival. Diet 1 was most suitable for pre-imaginal development and female fecundity.10aRhynchophorus ferrugineus1 aFrancardi, Valeria1 aBenvenuti, Claudia  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/artificial-diets-rearing-rhynchophorus-ferrugineus-olivier01940nas a2200193   4500008004500000020001400045245010100059210006900160260000900229300001200238490000700250520127000257653001501527100002301542700002501565700002301590700002201613856011101635       2008                        Engldsh    a0370-432700aRisk analysis of the diffusion of phytoparasitic nematodes of the genus Bursaphelenchus in Italy0 aRisk analysis of the diffusion of phytoparasitic nematodes of th  c2008  a119-1230 v913 aThe genus Bursaphelenchus includes various phytoparasitic nematodes linked to coniferous and broad-leaved trees. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle (PWN) is the most feared species because of its aggressiveness and ability to kill trees of Pinus spp. within a few months. One of the main ways these nematodes spread through the environment is via xylophagous coleopterans; indeed, beetles that frequent healthy trees during their feeding and maturation phases and trees in more or less advanced decline during their reproductive phase are particularly effective vectors. Cerambycids of the genus Monochamus are recognized as vectors of B. xylophilus. In recent years, an increasing number of other phytoparasitic Bursaphelenchus species have been recorded in association with other primary and secondary xylophages of coniferous and broad-leaved trees variably susceptible to attacks by the nematodes. Many of the known xylophage vectors of Bursaphelenchus spp. are present and locally abundant in Europe and they constitute a potential risk of diffusion of these nematodes. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary risk analysis based on the presence of Bursaphelenchus spp. in Italy and the distribution of their potential vectors and host plants.10aScolytinae1 aFrancardi, Valeria1 aPennacchio, Fabrizio1 aCarletti, Beatrice1 aAmbrogioni, Laura  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/risk-analysis-diffusion-phytoparasitic-nematodes-genus-bursaphelenchus-italy01487nas a2200217   4500008004500000020001400045245012300059210006900182260000900251300001000260490000700270520069600277653002400973653002400997100002301021700002001044700002201064700002501086700002301111856013501134       2008                        Engldsh    a0370-432700aNew occurrences of Bursaphelenchus species (Nematoda Parasitaphelenchidae) phoretic associate of bark beetles in Italy0 aNew occurrences of Bursaphelenchus species Nematoda Parasitaphel  c2008  a67-710 v913 aTwo associations, new for Italy, between the scolytids Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) and Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) with Bursaphelenchus hellenicus Skarmoutsos, Braasch & Michalopoulou and B. sexdentati Ruhm, respectively, are reported. The dispersal juveniles were found beneath the elytra of the insects captured in a mixed wood with pines and broadleaved trees in the Country Park of San Rossore (Pisa) in Tuscany (Italy). Nematodes were identified observing under ligth microscope adults obtained from dispersal juveniles multiplied on Botrytis cinerea Pets. ex Fr. Culture; B. hellenicus, detected for the first time in Italy, was determined also on the basis of PCR, ITS-RFLP analysis.10aHylurgus ligniperda10aOrthotomicus erosus1 aCarletti, Beatrice1 aIrdani, Tiziana1 aAmbrogioni, Laura1 aPennacchio, Fabrizio1 aFrancardi, Valeria  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/new-occurrences-bursaphelenchus-species-nematoda-parasitaphelenchidae-phoretic-associate-bark-beetle02489nas a2200325   4500008004100000020001400041245007600055210006900131260000900200300001000209490000700219520148700226653003001713100002001743700002101763700002001784700002601804700002301830700002301853700002001876700002401896700001701920700002301937700002101960700001901981700002402000700002402024700001602048856009902064       2011                        eng d  a1721-886100aAntimicrobial activity of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus0 aAntimicrobial activity of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferr  c2011  a33-410 v643 aThe red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera Dryophthoridae), is an important pest of palms. Knowledge of both its natural enemies and its defensive mechanisms against predators and microorganisms is important to develop methods for an integrated pest control. Antimicrobial activity of the cuticular surface of adults and larvae, as well as of eggs, of this invasive species was investigated. This activity was tested against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli Escherich, and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin. A similar analysis was conducted with the hemolymph of R. ferrugineus' larvae infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroter) Migula, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach. Polar surface fraction of extracts from adults and large larvae inhibits Gram-positive bacteria and the B. bassiana's growth, but not the growth of E. coli and M. anisopliae. Similarly, the hemolymph of larvae and the surface extracts of both small larvae and eggs seemed not to show any inhibition. Chemical analyses of the fraction exhibiting antimicrobial activity show the presence of some polar compounds ranging between 1000 and 1500 Dalton. This study improves our knowledge on the biology of R. ferrugineus and helps to suggest strategies for the biocontrol of this pest.10aRhynchophorus ferrugineus1 aMazza, Giuseppe1 aArriza, Vincenzo1 aBaracchi, David1 aBarzanti, Gian, Paolo1 aBenvenuti, Claudia1 aFrancardi, Valeria1 aFrandi, Antonio1 aGherardi, Francesca1 aLongo, Santi1 aManachini, Barbara1 aPerito, Brunella1 aRumine, Pietro1 aSchillaci, Domenico1 aTurillazzi, Stefano1 aCervo, Rita  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/antimicrobial-activity-red-palm-weevil-rhynchophorus-ferrugineus