02381nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245011400055210006900169260000900238300001400247490000700261520166000268100002201928700002801950700002501978700002302003700002602026856013502052       2007                        eng d  a0962-108300aPhylogeography of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in North America0 aPhylogeography of spruce beetles Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby C  cJune  a2560-25730 v163 aTree-feeding insects that are widespread in north temperate regions are excellent models for studying how past glaciations have impacted differentiation and speciation. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and allele frequencies at nine microsatellite loci to examine genetic population structure across the current range of the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis), an economically important insect in North America. Two major haplotype groups occur across northern North America, from Newfoundland to Alaska, on white spruce (Picea glauca), and a third distinctive haplotype group occurs throughout the Rocky Mountains on Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii). The two mtDNA lineages found in northern populations are 3-4% divergent from each other and from the lineages found in the Rocky Mountains. Analyses of microsatellite data also suggest the existence of major population groupings associated with different geographical regions. In the Pacific Northwest, concordant contact zones for genetically distinct populations of spruce beetles and their principal hosts appear to reflect recent secondary contact. Although we could detect no evidence of historical mtDNA gene flow between allopatric population groups, patterns of variation in the Pacific Northwest suggest recent hybridization and introgression. Together with the pollen record for spruce, they also suggest that beetles have spread from at least three glacial refugia. A minimum estimate of divergence time between the Rocky Mountain and northern populations was 1.7 Myr (million years), presumably reflecting the combined effects of isolation during multiple glacial cycles.1 aMaroja, Luana, S.1 aBogdanowicz, Steven, M.1 aWallin, Kimberly, F.1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.1 aHarrison, Richard, G.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/phylogeography-spruce-beetles-dendroctonus-rufipennis-kirby-curculionidae-scolytinae-north-america-002379nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245011400055210006900169260000900238300001400247490000700261520166000268100002201928700002801950700002501978700002302003700002602026856013302052       2007                        eng d  a0962-108300aPhylogeography of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in North America0 aPhylogeography of spruce beetles Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby C  cJune  a2560-25730 v163 aTree-feeding insects that are widespread in north temperate regions are excellent models for studying how past glaciations have impacted differentiation and speciation. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and allele frequencies at nine microsatellite loci to examine genetic population structure across the current range of the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis), an economically important insect in North America. Two major haplotype groups occur across northern North America, from Newfoundland to Alaska, on white spruce (Picea glauca), and a third distinctive haplotype group occurs throughout the Rocky Mountains on Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii). The two mtDNA lineages found in northern populations are 3-4% divergent from each other and from the lineages found in the Rocky Mountains. Analyses of microsatellite data also suggest the existence of major population groupings associated with different geographical regions. In the Pacific Northwest, concordant contact zones for genetically distinct populations of spruce beetles and their principal hosts appear to reflect recent secondary contact. Although we could detect no evidence of historical mtDNA gene flow between allopatric population groups, patterns of variation in the Pacific Northwest suggest recent hybridization and introgression. Together with the pollen record for spruce, they also suggest that beetles have spread from at least three glacial refugia. A minimum estimate of divergence time between the Rocky Mountain and northern populations was 1.7 Myr (million years), presumably reflecting the combined effects of isolation during multiple glacial cycles.1 aMaroja, Luana, S.1 aBogdanowicz, Steven, M.1 aWallin, Kimberly, F.1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.1 aHarrison, Richard, G.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/phylogeography-spruce-beetles-dendroctonus-rufipennis-kirby-curculionidae-scolytinae-north-america02499nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245012800055210006900183260001400252300001400266490000700280520174700287100001402034700001402048700002002062700001602082700001502098700001602113700001702129856013502146       2007                        eng d  a0962-108300aA spatial analysis method (SAM) to detect candidate loci for selection: towards a landscape genomics approach to adaptation0 aspatial analysis method SAM to detect candidate loci for selecti  cSeptember  a3955-39690 v163 aThe detection of adaptive loci in the genome is essential as it gives the possibility of understanding what proportion of a genome or which genes are being shaped by natural selection. Several statistical methods have been developed which make use of molecular data to reveal genomic regions under selection. In this paper, we propose an approach to address this issue from the environmental angle, in order to complement results obtained by population genetics. We introduce a new method to detect signatures of natural selection based on the application of spatial analysis, with the contribution of geographical information systems (GIS), environmental variables and molecular data. Multiple univariate logistic regressions were carried out to test for association between allelic frequencies at marker loci and environmental variables. This spatial analysis method (SAM) is similar to current population genomics approaches since it is designed to scan hundreds of markers to assess a putative association with hundreds of environmental variables. Here, by application to studies of pine weevils and breeds of sheep we demonstrate a strong correspondence between SAM results and those obtained using population genetics approaches. Statistical signals were found that associate loci with environmental parameters, and these loci behave atypically in comparison with the theoretical distribution for neutral loci. The contribution of this new tool is not only to permit the identification of loci under selection but also to establish hypotheses about ecological factors that could exert the selection pressure responsible. In the future, such an approach may accelerate the process of hunting for functional genes at the population level.1 aJoost, S.1 aBonin, A.1 aBruford, M., W.1 aDespres, L.1 aConord, C.1 aErhardt, G.1 aTaberlet, P.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/spatial-analysis-method-sam-detect-candidate-loci-selection-towards-landscape-genomics-approach-adap02533nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245018100055210006900236260000800305300001400313490000700327520166200334653002301996100002802019700002102047700001802068700001802086700002102104700002002125700002302145856013502168       2010                        eng d  a0962-108300aHost-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleptera Coleoptera : Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data0 aHostassociated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevi  cJun  a2286-23000 v193 aPlant feeding insects and the plants they feed upon represent an ecological association that is thought to be a key factor for the diversification of many plant feeding insects, through differential adaptation to different plant selective pressures. While a number of studies have investigated diversification of plant feeding insects above the species level, relatively less attention has been given to patterns of diversification within species, particularly those that also require plants for oviposition and subsequent larval development. In the case of plant feeding insects that also require plant tissues for the completion of their reproductive cycle through larval development, the divergent selective pressure not only acts on adults, but on the full life history of the insect. Here we focus attention on Rhinusa antirrhini (Curculionidae), a species of weevil broadly distributed across Europe that both feeds on, and oviposits and develops within, species of the plant genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae). Using a combination of mtDNA (COII) and nuclear DNA (EF1-[alpha]) sequencing and copulation experiments we assess evidence for host associated genetic differentiation within R. antirrhini. We find substantial genetic variation within this species that is best explained by ecological specialisation on different host plant taxa. This genetic differentiation is most pronounced in the mtDNA marker, with patterns of genetic variation at the nuclear marker suggesting incomplete lineage sorting and/or gene flow between different host plant forms of R. antirrhini, whose origin is estimated to date to the mid-Pliocene (3.77 Mya; 2.91-4.80 Mya).10aRhinusa antirrhini1 aHernandez-Vera, Gerardo1 aMitrovic, Milana1 aJovic, Jelena1 aTosevski, Ivo1 aCaldara, Roberto1 aGassmann, Andre1 aEmerson, Brent, C.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/host-associated-genetic-differentiation-seed-parasitic-weevil-rhinusa-antirrhini-coleptera-coleopter01835nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245007400055210006900129260000800198300001400206490000700220520113600227653001701363100003001380700002501410700001701435700002101452700002101473700002301494856010001517       2011                        eng d  a0962-108300aMountain pine beetle host-range expansion threatens the boreal forest0 aMountain pine beetle hostrange expansion threatens the boreal fo  cMay  a2157-21710 v203 aThe current epidemic of the mountain pine beetle (MPB), an indigenous pest of western North American pine, has resulted in significant losses of lodgepole pine. The leading edge has reached Alberta where forest composition shifts from lodgepole to jack pine through a hybrid zone. The susceptibility of jack pine to MPB is a major concern, but there has been no evidence of host-range expansion, in part due to the difficulty in distinguishing the parentals and their hybrids. We tested the utility of a panel of microsatellite loci optimized for both species to classify lodgepole pine, jack pine and their hybrids using simulated data. We were able to accurately classify simulated individuals, and hence applied these markers to identify the ancestry of attacked trees. Here we show for the first time successful MPB attack in natural jack pine stands at the leading edge of the epidemic. This once unsuitable habitat is now a novel environment for MPB to exploit, a potential risk which could be exacerbated by further climate change. The consequences of host-range expansion for the vast boreal ecosystem could be significant.10aDendroctonus1 aCullingham, Catherine, I.1 aCooke, Janice, E. K.1 aDang, Sophie1 aDavis, Corey, S.1 aCooke, Barry, J.1 aColtman, David, W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/mountain-pine-beetle-host-range-expansion-threatens-boreal-forest02288nas a2200181   4500008004500000020001400045245014600059210006900205260000900274300001400283490000700297520159900304653002501903100001301928700001301941700001701954856013501971       2008                        Engldsh    a0962-108300aGlacial bottleneck and postglacial recolonization of a seed parasitic weevil, Curculio hilgendorfi, inferred from mitochondrial DNA variation0 aGlacial bottleneck and postglacial recolonization of a seed para  cJuly  a3276-32890 v173 aClimatic changes during glacial periods have had a major influence on the recent evolutionary history of living organisms, even in the warm temperate zone. We investigated phylogeographical patterns of a weevil Curculio hilgendorfi (Curculionidae), a host-specific seed predator of Castanopsis (Fagaceae) growing in the broadleaved evergreen forests in Japan. We examined 2709 bp of mitochondrial DNA for 204 individuals collected from 62 populations of the weevil. Four major haplogroups were detected, in southwestern and northeastern parts of the main islands and in central and southern parts of the Ryukyu Islands. The demographic population expansion was detected for the two groups in the main islands but not for the Ryukyu groups. The beginning time of the expansion was dated to 39 000-59 000 years ago, which is consistent with the end of the last glacial period. Our data also demonstrated that the southwestern population of the main islands has experienced a more severe bottleneck and more rapid population growth after glacial ages than the northeastern population. At least three refugial areas in the main islands were likely to have existed during the last glacial periods, one of which had not previously been recognized by analyses of intraspecific chloroplast DNA variation of several plant species growing in the broadleaved evergreen forests. Our results represent the first phylogeographical and population demographic analysis of an insect species associated with the broadleaved evergreen forests in Japan, and reveal more detailed postglacial history of the forests.10aCurculio hilgendorfi1 aAoki, K.1 aKato, M.1 aMurakami, N.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/glacial-bottleneck-and-postglacial-recolonization-seed-parasitic-weevil-curculio-hilgendorfi-inferre02363nas a2200253   4500008004100000020001400041245011500055210006900170260000800239300001400247490000700261520148400268653002601752653002801778100002601806700001801832700002201850700001901872700002001891700002501911700001801936700002001954856013501974       2011                        eng d  a0962-108300aGene genealogies reveal cryptic species and host preferences for the pine fungal pathogen Grosmannia clavigera0 aGene genealogies reveal cryptic species and host preferences for  cJun  a2581-26020 v203 aGrosmannia clavigera is a fungal pathogen of pine forests in western North America and a symbiotic associate of two sister bark beetles: Dendroctonus ponderosae and D. jeffreyi. This fungus and its beetle associate D. ponderosae are expanding in large epidemics in western North America. Using the fungal genome sequence and gene annotations, we assessed whether fungal isolates from the two beetles inhabiting different species of pine in epidemic regions of western Canada and the USA, as well as in localized populations outside of the current epidemic, represent different genetic lineages. We characterized nucleotide variations in 67 genomic regions and selected 15 for the phylogenetic analysis. Using concordance of gene genealogies and distinct ecological characteristics, we identified two sibling phylogenetic species: Gc and Gs. Where the closely related Pinus ponderosa and P. jeffreyi are infested by localized populations of their respective beetles, Gc is present. In contrast, Gs is an exclusive associate of D. ponderosae mainly present on its primary host-tree P. contorta; however, in the current epidemic areas, it is also found in other pine species. These results suggest that the host-tree species and the beetle population dynamics may be important factors associated with the genetic divergence and diversity of fungal partners in the beetle-tree ecosystems. Gc represents the original G. clavigera holotype, and Gs should be described as a new species.10aDendroctonus jeffreyi10aDendroctonus ponderosae1 aAlamouti, Sepideh, M.1 aWang, Vincent1 aDiGuistini, Scott1 aSix, Diana, L.1 aBohlmann, Joerg1 aHamelin, Richard, C.1 aFeau, Nicolas1 aBreuil, Colette  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/gene-genealogies-reveal-cryptic-species-and-host-preferences-pine-fungal-pathogen-grosmannia-clavige00626nas a2200157   4500008004100000245011100041210006900152300001400221490000700235100002100242700002000263700001800283700002100301700001700322856012900339       2008                        eng d00aColonization history, ecological shifts and diversification in the evolution of endemic Galápagos weevils0 aColonization history ecological shifts and diversification in th  a1089-11070 v171 aSequeira, A., S.1 aLanteri, A., A.1 aAlbelo, Roque1 aBhattacharya, S.1 aSijapati, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/colonization-history-ecological-shifts-and-diversification-evolution-endemic-gal-pagos-weevils00630nas a2200157   4500008004100000245011300041210006900154300001400223490000700237100002100244700002000265700001800285700002100303700001700324856013100341       2008                        eng d00aColonization history, ecological shifts and diversification in the evolution of endemic Galápagos weevils. 0 aColonization history ecological shifts and diversification in th  a1089-11070 v171 aSequeira, A., S.1 aLanteri, A., A.1 aAlbelo, Roque1 aBhattacharya, S.1 aSijapati, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/colonization-history-ecological-shifts-and-diversification-evolution-endemic-gal-pagos-weevils-000628nas a2200157   4500008004100000245011300041210006900154300001400223490000700237100002100244700002000265700001800285700002100303700001700324856012900341       2008                        eng d00aColonization history, ecological shifts and diversification in the evolution of endemic Galápagos weevils. 0 aColonization history ecological shifts and diversification in th  a1089-11070 v171 aSequeira, A., S.1 aLanteri, A., A.1 aAlbelo, Roque1 aBhattacharya, S.1 aSijapati, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/colonization-history-ecological-shifts-and-diversification-evolution-endemic-gal-pagos-weevils