@article {5208,
	title = {The species of Rhimphoctona (Xylophylax) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) parasitizing woodborers in China},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {10},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	month = {25 February},
	pages = {1-9},
	abstract = {Four species of Rhimphoctona (Xylophylax) collected from P. R. China are reported. Two of them are new to science: Rhimphoctona (Xylophylax) maculifemoralis Luo and Sheng, sp.nov. reared from Tetropium castaneum (Linnaeus), and Rhimphoctona (Xylophylax) immaculata Luo and Sheng, sp.nov. One is a new record for China, R. (Xylophylax) rufocoxalis (Clement 1924) reared from T. castaneum (Linnaeus). The other is R. (Xylophylax) lucida (Clement 1924) reared from Monochamus saltuarius Gebler, Tetropium gabrieli Weise and Asemus sp. A key to species known in China is provided.},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/10.4/i1536-2442-10-4.pdf},
	author = {Luo, You-Qing and Sheng, Mao-Ling}
}
@article {5206,
	title = {Chestnut species and jasmonic acid treatment influence development and community interactions of galls produced by the Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2011},
	month = {20 October},
	pages = {1-14},
	abstract = {Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant[long dash]signaling hormone involved in defenses against insects and pathogens as well as the regulation of nutrient partitioning. Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induce the formation of galls on their host plants, which house immature wasps and provide them with nutrition and protection. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of JA application on gall development and defenses. Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) galls on American chestnut, Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkhausen (Fagales: Fagaceae), and Chinese chestnut, C. mollissima Blume, were treated with JA or a JA- inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DIECA), to determine the effects of these treatments on gall characteristics and defenses. Chinese chestnut galls treated with JA had greater volume and dry weight, thicker sclerenchyma layers, and fewer external fungal lesions compared with controls. Galls from both chestnut species treated with JA contained a lower proportion of empty chambers, and elevated tannin levels compared with controls. The effects of DIECA on galls were generally opposite from those of JA. American chestnut galls treated with DIECA had lower dry weight and fewer feeding punctures caused by the lesser chestnut weevil compared with controls. Galls from both chestnut species that were treated with DIECA were smaller and had more external fungal lesions compared with controls. Compared to American chestnut galls, Chinese chestnut galls had increased parasitism rates and fewer gall wasps. This study is the first to investigate the effects of JA on an insect gall, and indicates that JA treatments benefit gall wasps by increasing gall size and defenses.},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/11.140/i1536-2442-11-140.pdf},
	author = {Cooper, William R. and Rieske, Lynne K.}
}
@article {5207,
	title = {New record for the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, in Hawaii},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12 September},
	pages = {3pp.},
	abstract = {The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is endemic to Africa and is the most devastating pest of coffee worldwide. The female bores a hole in the coffee berry and deposits her eggs inside. Upon hatching, larvae feed on the seeds, thus reducing both quality and yields of the marketable product. The coffee berry borer was found in the district of Kona on the island of Hawaii in August 2010 and appears to be restricted to that area.},
	keywords = {Hypothenemus hampei},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/11.117/i1536-2442-11-117.pdf},
	author = {Burbano, Elsie and Wright, Mark and Bright, Donald E. and Vega, Fernando E.}
}
@article {5202,
	title = {Sexing of adults for three Mexican pine cone beetle species, Conophthorus conicolens, C. teocotum, and C. michoacanae},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12 December},
	pages = {1-4},
	abstract = {Individuals belonging to species of the genus Conophthorus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are notoriously difficult to sex, especially if only certain parts of the beetle are available and the genitals are unidentifiable. We are presenting evidence demonstrating that rows of setae and setal characteristics at the posterior margin of tergite VII (the fifth visible tergite) can be used to sex the three Mexican pine cone beetle species Conophthorus conicolens Wood, C. teocotum Hopkins, and C. michoacanae Wood, from each other. Although the three Conophthorus are clearly described taxonomically by Wood (1977), the continued increase and development of forest plantations with a mixture of host species elucidates the importance of having reliable methods of sexing these species for purposes of researching and monitoring programs of their populations and pest management and control.},
	keywords = {Conophthorus},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/11.170/i1536-2442-11-170.pdf},
	author = {del Rio Mora, Adolfo and Tuchina, Oksana}
}
@article {5203,
	title = {Coleopterans associated with plants that form phytotelmata in subtropical and temperate Argentina, South America},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Article 147},
	month = {7 November},
	pages = {1-18},
	abstract = {A list of the most common plants that form phytotelmata and their associated coleopterans (aquatic, semi-aquatic and terrestrial) from the northeastern subtropical and temperate area of Argentina, South America with biological and behavioral observations is presented in this study. Species of Poaceae (n = 3), Bromeliaceae (5), Apiaceae (6), Araceae (2), Urticaceae (1), Marantaceae (1), Arecaceae (1), Dipsacaceae (1) and Cyperaceae (1) were identified as phytotelmata. Aquatic species of Scirtidae (2), Dytiscidae (2), and Hydrophilidae (4), semi -aquatic Chelonariidae (2), and terrestrial species of Carabidae (3), Staphylinidae (5), Histeridae (1), Elateridae (1), Cantharidae (1), Cleridae (1), Tenebrionidae (1), Meloidae (1), Anthicidae (1), Chrysomelidae (3), Curculionidae (7) and Apionidae (1) were identified from six species of Eryngium L. (Apiales: Apiaceae), two species of Guadua Kunth (Poales: Poaceae), Aechmea distichantha Lemaire (Poales: Bromeliaceae), and from fallen leaves of Euterpe edulis Martius (Arecales: Arecaceae) from the temperate and subtropical area. The highest species richness was recorded in Eryngium phytotelmata. Fifteen species of beetles inhabit Eryngium cabrerae Pontiroli, 11 in E. horridum Malme, 7 in E. stenophyllum Urban, 4 in E. aff. serra Chamisso and Schlechtendal., 3 in E. elegans Chamisso and Schlechtendal, 2 in E. eburneum Decne and E. pandanifolium Chamisso and Schlechtendal. From bamboo, 6 species of coleopterans were collected from Guadua trinii (Nees) Nees ex Ruprecht and 4 from G. chacoensis (Rojas) Londono and Peterson. Three species of aquatic coleopterans were recorded from A. distichantha and only one from E. edulis.},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/11.147/i1536-2442-11-147.pdf},
	author = {Campos, Raul E. and Fernandez, Liliana A.}
}
@article {5204,
	title = {Chemical evaluation of African palm weevil, Rhychophorus Rhynchophorus phoenicis, larvae as a food source},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2011},
	month = {4 November},
	pages = {1-6},
	abstract = {The chemical properties of the African palm weevil, Rhychophorus phoenicis (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), larvae were evaluated using standard methodology. The chloroform-methanol extract yielded 37.12\% on a dry basis. The oil was liquid at room temperature with a flash point of 36.0 [degrees]C. Analysis of the physical constants indicated values of 192.25 Wijs and 427.70 mg KOH/g as iodine and saponification, respectively. Fatty acid analysis of the extracted oil showed the presence of unsaturated fatty acids at low levels. Palmitic acid and stearic acid constituted 35.3 and 60.5\% of the oil, respectively. The usual behaviour of the oil at room temperature, irrespective of the level of unsaturation of its constituent fatty acid was noted. The total protein content of the defatted palm weevil larva (dry basis) was estimated at 66.3\%. The amino acid values compared favourably to FAO reference protein, except for tryptophan, which was limiting. All the other essential amino acids were adequate. Mineral analysis revealed high levels of potassium (1025 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (685 mg/100 g). The dried and defatted palm weevil lava represents a very good source of protein, and a good complement of essential amino acids.},
	keywords = {Rhychophorus phoenicis},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/11.146/i1536-2442-11-146.pdf},
	author = {Elemo, Babajide O. and Elemo, Gloria N. and Makinde, M. A. and Erukainure, Ochuko L.}
}
@article {5199,
	title = {Purification and biochemical characterization of a specific beta - glucosidase from the digestive fluid of larvae of the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {9},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {12 March},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {A [beta]-glucosidase was purified from the digestive fluid of the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by chromatography on anion-exchange, gel filtration, and hydrophobic interaction columns. The preparation was shown to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gels. [beta]-glucosidase is a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 58 kDa based on its mobility in SDS-PAGE and 60 kDa based on gel filtration. Maximal [beta]- glucosidase activity occurred at 55[degree]C and pH 5.0. The purified [beta]-glucosidase was stable at 37[degree]C and its pH stability was in the range of 5.0[long dash]6.0. The enzyme readily hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-[beta]-D-glucoside, cellobiose, cellodextrins and required strictly [beta]-gluco configuration for activity. It cleaved glucose-glucose beta-(1[long dash]4) linkages better than [beta]-(1[long dash]2), [beta]-(1[long dash]3) and [beta]-(1[long dash]6) linkages. The catalytic efficiency (Kcat/KM) values for p-nitrophenyl-[beta]-D-glucoside and cellobiose were respectively 240.48 mM-1 s -1 and 134.80 mM-1 s -1 . Beta-glucosidase was capable of catalysing transglucosylation reactions. The yield of glucosylation of 2-phenylethanol (20 \%), catalysed by the beta-glucosidase in the presence of cellobiose as glucosyl donor, is lower than those reported previously with conventional sources of beta-glucosidases. In addition, the optimum pH is different for the hydrolysis (pH 5.0) and transglucosylation reactions (pH 6.6).},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/papers},
	author = {Assoi Yapi, Desire Yapi and Gnakri, Dago and Niamke, Sebastien Lamine and Kouame, Lucien Patrice}
}
@article {5200,
	title = {Microbiology of the gut of the kola nut weevil, Balanogastris kolae},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2012},
	month = {19 July},
	pages = {1-6},
	abstract = {Reports have shown that many insects have microbes in their gut system. Gut microbes are ver important for insect vitality and much of their nutrition is derived from products of microbia metabolism. The habitat of Balanogastris kolae (Desbrocher des Loges) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) suggests that they possess the ability to digest varieties of sugars particularl starch and protein materials present in the kola nut, Cola nitida Schott\&Endlicher (Malvales Malvaceae). The aim of this study was to characterize the gut bacterial communities of the kol weevil, B. kolae. To ascertain this, the gut bacterial community of a kola nut-feeding weevil, B kolae was characterized using culture-dependent methods. The bacterial counts in the foregu midgut and hindgut were 7.14 [plus or minus] 0.11 x 106 cfu ml -1, 2.68 [plus or minus] 0.13 x 107 cfu ml -1 and 1.43 [plus or minus] 0.20 106 cfu ml -1 respectively. There were no significant differences in the total bacterial count of th foregut, midgut and hindgut. The bacterial species were identified to be Fusobacterium nucleatum, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium fascians, Arthrobacte globiformis, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus brevis, Vibrio haemolyticus and Flavobacterium breve. The majority of these isolates were demonstrated to have both proteolytic and amylolyti activities.},
	keywords = {Balanogastris kolae},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/12.84/i1536-2442-12-84.pdf},
	author = {Femi-Ola, T. O. and Babalola, A. G.}
}
@article {5197,
	title = {Extensive natural intraspecific variation in stoichiometric (C:N:P) composition in two terrestrial insect species},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {8},
	number = {26},
	year = {2008},
	month = {27 March},
	pages = {1-7},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Heterotrophic organisms must obtain essential elements in sufficient quantities from their food. Because plants naturally exhibit extensive variation in their elemental content, it is important to quantify the within-species stoichiometric variation of consumers. If extensive stoichiometric variation exists, it may help explain consumer variation in life-history strategy and fitness. To date, however, research on stoichiometric variation has focused on interspecific differences and assumed minimal intraspecific differences. Here this assumption is tested. Natural variation is quantified in body stoichiometry of two terrestrial insects: the generalist field cricket, Gryllus texensis Cade and Otte (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and a specialist curculionid weevil, Sabinia setosa (Le Conte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Both species exhibited extensive intraspecific stoichiometric variation. Cricket body nitrogen content ranged from 8[long dash]12\% and there was a four-fold difference in body phosphorus content, ranging from 0.32[long dash]1.27\%. Body size explained half this stoichiometric variation, with larger individuals containing less nitrogen and phosphorus. Weevils exhibited an almost three-fold difference in body phosphorus content, ranging from 0.38[long dash]0.97\%. Overall, the variation observed within each of these species is comparable to the variation previously observed across almost all terrestrial insect species.},
	keywords = {Sabinia setosa},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/papers},
	author = {Bertram, S. M. and Bowen, M. and Kyle, M. and Schade, J. D.}
}
@article {5194,
	title = {Larval survival of Fuller{\textquoteright}s rose weevil, Naupactus cervinus, on common groundcover species in orchards of New Zealand kiwifruit},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {8},
	number = {51},
	year = {2008},
	month = {10 September},
	pages = {1-10},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Fuller{\textquoteright}s rose weevil, Naupactus cervinus (Boheman) (Curculionidae: Entiminae), is an important quarantine pest of New Zealand kiwifruit exported to Asian markets. Both adults and larvae are considered to be polyphagous. In this study, the survival of larval N. cervinus was estimated on common groundcover species of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) in the Bay of Plenty, the main region in New Zealand where kiwifruit is grown. The botanical composition of groundcover in commercial kiwifruit orchards, characterised by survey, was dominated by ryegrass (Lolium perenne), with white clover (Trifolium repens), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), wild strawberry (Duchesnea indica) and broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifolius) in lower abundance. Survival to mature larvae or adult was relatively low ([center dot]11\%) for N. cervinus introduced as neonates to field plots or potted ryegrass, white clover and broadleaf dock. White clover was a more favourable host for survival to adults than ryegrass. This study suggests that increased survival of N. cervinus larvae may occur where white clover and large dock plants are abundant, but that survival is likely to be highly variable because of the heterogeneous availability of preferred host plants and host plant quality. These data suggest that larval polyphagy is a strategy that enables N. cervinus to persist at low densities in kiwifruit orchards despite variation in the quality and diversity of groundcover.},
	keywords = {Naupactus cervinus},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/papers},
	author = {Logan, David P. and Maher, Bridget J. and Dobson, Shirely S. and Connolly, Patrick G.}
}
@article {5196,
	title = {A rapid decision sampling plan for implementing area-wide management of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, in coconut plantations of India},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {8},
	number = {15},
	year = {2008},
	month = {27 February},
	pages = {1-9},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Curculionidae/Rhynchophoridae/Dryophthoridae) is a lethal pest of young coconut palms, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae), with a highly aggregated population distribution pattern. R. ferrugineus is managed in several coconut growing countries using area-wide pheromone based programmes that need a substantial commitment of funds over a period of time. Often, decisions to implement area-wide management of R. ferrugineus are based on pheromone trap captures in surveillance traps and or infestation reports. Implementing area-wide management of this pest on the basis of such data can be inaccurate, as it may either under or over estimate the pest intensity in the field. This study presents sampling plans for rapid and accurate classification of R. ferrugineus infestation in coconut plantations of India by inspecting palms to detect infestation in a sequence until a decision to either implement or not to initiate area-wide management of R. ferrugineus can be made. The sampling plans are based on a common aggregation index of 3.45, assumed action threshold values of either 1.0 (plan A) or 0.5 (plan B) per cent infested palms and a risk factor of making the wrong decision set at 0.05. Using plans A and B, if the cummulative number of infested palms in a young 1 hectare coconut plantation is zero out of 150 palms for both plans, then area-wide management is not required, while on the other hand, if the cummulative number of infested palms for the same area is 6 (plan A), or 5 (plan B), then area-wide management of R. ferrugineus is essential. The proposed sampling plans are efficient tools in decision making, particularly at very low and high levels of infestation and can also be used to assess the performance of R. ferrugineus IPM programmes that are in progress. These plans not only save time and money as only a small area needs to be sampled to arrive at a correct decision, but are also efficient in rating the infestation level accurately.},
	keywords = {Rhynchophorus ferrugineus},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/papers},
	author = {Faleiro, J. R. and Kumar, J. Ashok}
}
