@article {11500,
	title = {Biological characteristics of the egg phase of citrus root weevils},
	journal = {Neotropical Entomology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {March-April},
	pages = {192-196},
	abstract = {The goal of this work was to study some characteristics of the egg phase of three species of citrus root weevils. The insects were collected from citrus plants in Itapetininga, SP, and brought to the Laboratorio de Biologia de Insetos of ESALQ/USP, in Piracicaba, SP, where the species Naupactus cervinus (Boheman), Naupactus versatilis (Hustache) and Parapantomorus fluctuosus (Boheman) were kept. Duration and viability of the egg phase were evaluated, and the lower temperature threshold and thermal constant (K) were calculated for these species. The species of citrus root weevils showed different duration of egg phases. The egg phase ranged from 40.4 to 13.8 N. cervinus, from 38.7 to 20.0 days for N. versatilis, and from 35.0 to 13.8 days for P. fluctuosus, depending upon temperature. The temperature thresholds of this stage were 8. 1, 8.3, and 9.9[degree]C at thermal constant was 385.7, 397.7 and 294.1 degree-days, for N. cervinus, N versatilis and P fluctuosus respectively. The duration of the egg phases of N. cervinus and N. versatilis were similar at the same temperatures and P. fluctuosus had a faster development than Naupactus spp. in all temperatures tested.},
	keywords = {Naupactus cervinus, Naupactus versatilis, Parapantomorus fluctuosus},
	isbn = {1519-566X},
	author = {Guedes, Jerson V. C. and Parra, Jose R. P.}
}
@article {9865,
	title = {Biological aspects of the adult phase of citrus root weevils},
	journal = {Ciencia Rural},
	volume = {37},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {mar-abr},
	pages = {304-307},
	abstract = {This research was aimed at studing some characteristics of the adult phase of two species of citrus root weevils. Naupactus cervinus Boheman, Naupactus versatilis Hustache were collected from citrus in Itapetininga, SP, and taken to the Insect Biology Laboratory of ESALQ/USP, in Piracicaba, SP Longevity, feeding time, pre-oviposition period, oviposition, number of egg-laying and eggs, and the consumption of the citrus leaf during the adult phase were evaluated N. versatilis is potentially more dangerous to citrus, because it lays a larger number of eggs (214.6 x 120.9 eggs), has a higher longevity (30.9 x 25.2 days) and consumes a larger leaf area (31.0 x 15.0 cm2).},
	keywords = {Naupactus cervinus, Naupactus versatilis},
	isbn = {0103-8478},
	author = {Carus Guedes, Jerson Vanderlei and Postali Parra, Jose Roberto and Fiorin, Rubens Alex}
}
@article {9862,
	title = {Population dynamics of root weevils in citrus},
	journal = {Ciencia Rural},
	volume = {39},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	month = {mai-juin},
	pages = {891-895},
	abstract = {The goal of this study was to evaluate the population dynamics of citrus root weevils. Samples of the larval, pupa and adult phases were taken every 15 days in four citrus farms in Itapetininga, State of Sao Paulo, Brasil, between March, 2000 and February, 2002. The emergence of adults was evaluated in cages under plant canopy and the adult population at plant canopy with a beating cloth; larvae and the pupae in ditches opened in the soil, under plant crowns. Based on the population dynamics, the insects are univoltine. Most adults emerged from October to April, with peaks at the beginning of the period. Species Parapantomorus fluctuosus (Boheman), Naupactus cervinus Boheman and Naupactus versatilis Hustache were more frequent in Itapetininga, SP, although the peaks and times were different. Larvae occurred almost during the whole year. with population peaks from June to January. The number of curculionids was lower in the second year of the study for all insect phases. probably due to drought. Adults and larvae sampled, with beating cloths and in cages, could be used to detect, quantify and predict the occurrence of citrus root weevils.},
	keywords = {Naupactus cervinus, Naupactus versatilis, Parapantomorus fluctuosus},
	isbn = {0103-8478},
	author = {Carus Guedes, Jerson Vanderlei and Postali Parra, Jose Roberto}
}
@article {5194,
	title = {Larval survival of Fuller{\textquoteright}s rose weevil, Naupactus cervinus, on common groundcover species in orchards of New Zealand kiwifruit},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {8},
	number = {51},
	year = {2008},
	month = {10 September},
	pages = {1-10},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Fuller{\textquoteright}s rose weevil, Naupactus cervinus (Boheman) (Curculionidae: Entiminae), is an important quarantine pest of New Zealand kiwifruit exported to Asian markets. Both adults and larvae are considered to be polyphagous. In this study, the survival of larval N. cervinus was estimated on common groundcover species of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) in the Bay of Plenty, the main region in New Zealand where kiwifruit is grown. The botanical composition of groundcover in commercial kiwifruit orchards, characterised by survey, was dominated by ryegrass (Lolium perenne), with white clover (Trifolium repens), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), wild strawberry (Duchesnea indica) and broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifolius) in lower abundance. Survival to mature larvae or adult was relatively low ([center dot]11\%) for N. cervinus introduced as neonates to field plots or potted ryegrass, white clover and broadleaf dock. White clover was a more favourable host for survival to adults than ryegrass. This study suggests that increased survival of N. cervinus larvae may occur where white clover and large dock plants are abundant, but that survival is likely to be highly variable because of the heterogeneous availability of preferred host plants and host plant quality. These data suggest that larval polyphagy is a strategy that enables N. cervinus to persist at low densities in kiwifruit orchards despite variation in the quality and diversity of groundcover.},
	keywords = {Naupactus cervinus},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/papers},
	author = {Logan, David P. and Maher, Bridget J. and Dobson, Shirely S. and Connolly, Patrick G.}
}
