@article {10915,
	title = {Sequential sampling plan for area-wide management of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) in date palm plantations of Saudi Arabia},
	journal = {International Journal of Tropical Insect Science},
	volume = {30},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {145-153},
	abstract = {A decision-making sampling plan was developed to initiate new and validate ongoing area-wide red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) integrated pest management (IPM) programmes in date palm plantations of Saudi Arabia based on the concept of sequential sampling. Spatial distribution studies revealed that R. ferrugineus population was aggregated and followed the negative binomial series with a mean aggregation index (common K) value of 3.56. In the sampling plan developed, young date palms are inspected in a sequence in units of 100 palms (1 ha) until an accurate decision on the infestation level can be made. The plan rates infestations as low and high if d0 <= 0.478n - 7.519 and d1 >= 0.478n + 7.519, respectively, where d0 and d1 are the cumulative maximum and minimum infested palms per ha (100 young palms) for not recommending and recommending area-wide management of R. ferrugineus, respectively, and n is the area sampled in ha. In this sampling plan, if 100 palms are inspected and eight or more infestations are detected, then area-wide R. ferrugineus IPM is required. On a 100 ha scale (10,000 palms) the plan becomes stricter and permits only 55 infestations.},
	keywords = {Rhynchophorus ferrugineus},
	isbn = {1742-7584},
	author = {Faleiro, J. R. and Ben Abdallah, Abdallah and Kumar, J. Ashok and Shagagh, Abdallah and Al Abdan, Saad}
}
@article {8550,
	title = {Geographic information system-based study to ascertain the spatial and temporal spread of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in date plantations},
	journal = {International Journal of Tropical Insect Science},
	volume = {32},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {108-115},
	abstract = {Red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier is a key pest of date palm in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Since 1994, the Ministry of Agriculture has implemented a pheromone-based integrated pest management (IPM) strategy to control R. ferrugineus in the Kingdom. Geographic information system (GIS) technology can serve as a valuable tool to assess insect activity and in addition the impact of the control strategy. We used GIS-based techniques to ascertain the spatial and temporal spread of R. ferrugineus in 234 ha of date plantation in Al-Sohemia-1 in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. One hundred and fifty six pheromone (Ferrolure(TM)) traps in Al-Sohemia-1 were logged using the Trimble global positioning system to determine the east longitude and north latitude of each pheromone trap and transformed to the GIS as a shape file. The spatial and temporal variations for R. ferrugineus activity based on captures in pheromone traps were studied for each of the four seasons of the year and also year-wise during 2009 and 2010. Results revealed that during both 2009 and 2010, maximum weevil activity was recorded during late spring and early summer, with captures declining during autumn and winter. Spatial variations in the activity of R. ferrugineus indicated that in general 2009 registered lower weevil activity compared with 2010. Furthermore, most of the area exhibited medium to very high weevil activity in spring and summer during both 2009 and 2010, while most of the area recorded very low to low weevil activity during the autumn and winter seasons of both the years. The ongoing R. ferrugineus-IPM programme in Al-Ahsa needs to be strengthened in areas showing high to very high weevil activity.},
	keywords = {Rhynchophorus ferrugineus},
	isbn = {1742-7584},
	author = {Massoud, M. A. and Sallam, A. A. and Faleiro, J. R. and Al-Abdan, S.}
}
@article {5196,
	title = {A rapid decision sampling plan for implementing area-wide management of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, in coconut plantations of India},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science (Tucson)},
	volume = {8},
	number = {15},
	year = {2008},
	month = {27 February},
	pages = {1-9},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Curculionidae/Rhynchophoridae/Dryophthoridae) is a lethal pest of young coconut palms, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae), with a highly aggregated population distribution pattern. R. ferrugineus is managed in several coconut growing countries using area-wide pheromone based programmes that need a substantial commitment of funds over a period of time. Often, decisions to implement area-wide management of R. ferrugineus are based on pheromone trap captures in surveillance traps and or infestation reports. Implementing area-wide management of this pest on the basis of such data can be inaccurate, as it may either under or over estimate the pest intensity in the field. This study presents sampling plans for rapid and accurate classification of R. ferrugineus infestation in coconut plantations of India by inspecting palms to detect infestation in a sequence until a decision to either implement or not to initiate area-wide management of R. ferrugineus can be made. The sampling plans are based on a common aggregation index of 3.45, assumed action threshold values of either 1.0 (plan A) or 0.5 (plan B) per cent infested palms and a risk factor of making the wrong decision set at 0.05. Using plans A and B, if the cummulative number of infested palms in a young 1 hectare coconut plantation is zero out of 150 palms for both plans, then area-wide management is not required, while on the other hand, if the cummulative number of infested palms for the same area is 6 (plan A), or 5 (plan B), then area-wide management of R. ferrugineus is essential. The proposed sampling plans are efficient tools in decision making, particularly at very low and high levels of infestation and can also be used to assess the performance of R. ferrugineus IPM programmes that are in progress. These plans not only save time and money as only a small area needs to be sampled to arrive at a correct decision, but are also efficient in rating the infestation level accurately.},
	keywords = {Rhynchophorus ferrugineus},
	isbn = {1536-2442},
	url = {http://www.insectscience.org/papers},
	author = {Faleiro, J. R. and Kumar, J. Ashok}
}
