@article {13976,
	title = {Phoretic dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes by Hylobius abietis},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {11},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {419-427},
	abstract = {Phoresis is a strategy in which one organism (the phoretic) attaches to another (the host) for the implied purpose of dispersal and is valuable for small flightless invertebrates with limited mobility. Previous work has shown that the relatively immobile larvae of Hylobius abietis (the large pine weevil) are highly susceptible to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and support nematode reproduction whereas adults do not. Here, we demonstrate that the infective juveniles (IJ) of two species of EPN, Heterorhabditis megidis and Steinernema carpocapsae, can use the resistant but highly mobile adults of H. abietis for phoretic dispersal. The ability to use adult H. abietis for phoresis depended on nematode species and habitat (sand vs peat) and there was no evidence of sex-biased dispersal in S. carpocapsae for which the IJ are dioecious. We hypothesise that phoretic dispersal may be a significant mechanism to avoid sibling competition and inbreeding in EPN, which produce tens of thousands of offspring at point sources in a relatively impenetrable habitat.},
	keywords = {Hylobius abietis},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Kruitbos, Laura M. and Heritage, Stuart and Wilson, Michael J.}
}
@article {13280,
	title = {On Bursaphelenchus yongensis Gu, Braasch, Burgermeister, Brandstetter \& Zhang, 2006 in Japan},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {803-806},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Kanzaki, Natsumi and Kawaguchi, Eriko and Aikawa, Takuya and Maehara, Noritoshi}
}
@article {13281,
	title = {Description of Bursaphelenchus kiyoharai n. sp (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) with remarks on the taxonomic framework of the Parasitaphelenchinae Ruehm, 1956 and Aphelenchoidinae Fuchs, 1937},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {13},
	number = {7},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011},
	pages = {787-804},
	abstract = {A Bursaphelenchus species was isolated from an ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus seriatus, during a biodiversity survey of entomophilic nematodes in a conserved forest in the Shirakami mountain range, Aomori, Japan. The nematode has several interesting morphological characters that do not fit the morphological definition of Bursaphelenchus, e. g., males have a tail spike instead of a bursal flap and lack the P1 ventral single papilla, and females have a very long and tapering tail (filiform). The molecular phylogenetic status of the new species inferred by the near-full-length small subunit (SSU: 18S) and the D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU: 28S) suggests, however, that the nematode is included in the B. fungivorus group, and is most closely related to B. thailandae and B. willibaldi. Despite these unique morphological characters, its spicule morphology, which is almost identical to that of B. gonzalezi, B. thailandae and B. willibaldi, and vulval structure, i.e., lacking a vulval flap, are in accordance with the molecular phylogenetic status of the nematode. The new species, which shows evidence of secondary loss of the bursal flap and P1 papilla, is described herein as B. kiyoharai n. sp. The typological descriptions of the genus and Parasitaphelenchinae were reconsidered and the taxonomic framework of the Aphelenchoidinae and Parasitaphelenchinae revised. Bursaphelenchus asiaticus n. comb. is proposed for Ruehmaphelenchus asiaticus.},
	keywords = {Xyleborus seriatus},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Kanzaki, Natsumi and Maehara, Noritoshi and Aikawa, Takuya and Masuya, Hayato and Giblin-Davis, Robin M.}
}
@article {13282,
	title = {Bursaphelenchus clavicauda n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) isolated from Cryphalus sp. emerged from a dead Castanopsis cuspidata (Thunb.) Schottky var. sieboldii (Makino) Nakai in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {6},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {759-769},
	abstract = {Bursaphelenchus clavicauda n. sp. is described and figured. The new species was isolated from Cryphalus sp., a species of bark beetle emerging from a dead log of Castanopsis cuspidata, and reared on Botrytis cinerea. Type specimens were collected from a 2- and 4-week-old culture on Botrytis cinerea. The new species has a body length of ca 665 [mu]m (male) and 770 [mu]m (female), medium (ca 30-50 for males and ca 30-45 for females) a values, b values of ca 9-13 (male) and 10-13 (female), c values of ca 20-28 (male) and 20-27 (female), c{\textquoteright} values of ca 2 (male) and ca 3-5 (female), ca 9-13 [mu]m long stylet, three lines in the lateral field, relatively small (ca 14 [mu]m) and strongly arcuate spicule with recurved and pointed condylus, seven (1 + 2 + 2 + 2) male caudal papillae and club-like female tail with rounded terminus and with or without various shapes of mucro. The new species is close to B. eremus, B. uncispicularis, B. yongensis and several other species possessing a large, recurved and pointed spicular condylus and is distinguished from these species mainly by male spicule, male caudal papillae and female tail morphologies, number of lateral lines and several morphometric values of females and males. Cultured nematodes were used for sequencing the partial (ca 1.6 kbps) small subunit, ITS regions and large subunit of ribosomal DNA for comparisons with those deposited at GenBank. The DNA sequences of the B. clavicauda n. sp. were close to those of B. eggersi, B. eremus, B. tusciae and B. yongensis.},
	keywords = {Cryphalus},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Kanzaki, Natsumi and Maehara, Noritoshi and Masuya, Hayato}
}
@article {13278,
	title = {Acrostichus rhynchophori n. sp. (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae): a phoretic associate of Rhynchophorus cruentatus Fabricius and R. palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Americas},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {11},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {669-688},
	abstract = {Acrostichus dauer larvae (JIII) were recovered during dissections of the palmetto weevil, Rhynchophorus cruentatus, from southern Florida, and the palm weevil, R. palmarum, from Colombia, Costa Rica and Trinidad. Based upon morphological and molecular studies, the four isolates are conspecific and are described herein as A. rhynchophori n. sp. Acrostichus rhynchophori n. sp. is characterised by narrow, flap-like dorsal tooth, female gonads not reflexed to the level of the vulva, male spicule and gubernaculum morphology, i.e., spicule with small and indistinct manubrium embedded in lamina/calomus complex, strong expansion just posterior to manubrium and smoothly curved and smoothly tapered lamina/calomus complex, and gubernaculum with claw-like anterior end in lateral view and three distal branches in ventral view. The new species is distinguished from A. superbus by morphology of the spicule and gubernaculum. Type specimens of four other Acrostichus species, originally described from bark beetles from North America, i.e., A. concolor, A. gubernatus, A. ponderosus and A. taedus, were re-examined and photo-documented.},
	keywords = {Rhynchophorus cruentatus},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Kanzaki, Natsumi and Giblin-Davis, Robin M. and Zeng, Yongsan and Ye, Weimin and Center, Barbara J.}
}
@article {13275,
	title = {Teratorhabditis synpapillata Sudhaus, 1985 (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) is an associate of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {10},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {207-218},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Teratorhabditis synpapillata, originally described from cow dung in Bali, was isolated from the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, in Japan. Dauer juveniles were isolated from beneath the elytra of five specimens of R. ferrugineus that had emerged from a dead Canary Island date palm, Phoenix canariensis, in Kagoshima, Japan. The dauer juveniles were cultured on a NGM agar plate and the adult nematodes observed and measured with the aid of light microscopy. The full length of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) and D2/D3 expansion segment of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU) were sequenced for molecular identification. Based upon morphology, molecular profile and a hybridisation test, the nematode was confirmed as T. synpapillata. A comparison of morphology and morphometrics suggests that the only other nematode reported from R. ferrugineus (= {\textquoteright}Pelodera rhynchophori{\textquoteright}) is also conspecific with T. synpapillata. A phylogenetic analysis using SSU and LSU rRNA gene sequences fully resolves the relationships of four Teratorhabditis and six outgroup species and demonstrates a sister group relationship of T. synpapillata and T. palmarum, another associate of palm weevils.},
	keywords = {Rhynchophorus, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Kanzaki, Natsumi and Abe, Fukiko and Giblin-Davis, Robin M. and Kiontke, Karin and Fitch, David H. A. and Hata, Kunihiko and Sone, Koichi}
}
@article {13276,
	title = {Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) and redescription of Ektaphelenchus obtusus (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae), associates from nematangia on the hind wings of Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {10},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {925-955},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Two species of aphelench, Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. and Ektaphelenchus obtusus, were isolated from the {\textquoteright}nematangia{\textquoteright}, cocoon-like structures found at the base of the hind wings of Dendroctonus rufipennis. The nematangia contained adult females of E. obtusus and the dauer juveniles of B. rufipennis n. sp. Only B. rufipennis n. sp. could be cultured on Monilinia fructicola on LGPDA (lactic acid-treated, glycerol-supplemented, potato dextrose agar). The new species of Bursaphelenchus is described and figured and some additional morphological characters are ascribed to E. obtusus, E. josephi, E. sandiaensis, E. smaelus (= E. prolobos) and E. terebranus after examination of type and/or voucher specimens. Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. has an adult body length of ca 500-1000 [mu]m, medium a ratios (ca 25-38 for females and ca 30-40 for males), b ratios of ca 8-13 (female) and 7-11 (male), c ratios of ca 15-22 (female and male), c{\textquoteright} ratios of ca 3-4 (female) and ca 2-3 (male), and is characterised by three incisures in the lateral field, mitten-shaped spicules and a conical female tail that curves ventrally and possesses a variable tail tip. The new species is morphologically closest to B. corneolus, B. curvicaudatus, B. gerberae, B. paracorneolus and B. talonus. Morphological examination of type and/or voucher specimens of five Ektaphelenchus species revealed coarse transverse body annulation and three pairs of male caudal papillae (except for the two species where males are not described). Clear typological differences were observed among these five Ektaphelenchus species in the structure of the lip region, presence/absence of stylet knobs and male spicule morphology. Although these characters have not been consistently documented in the past, they may be diagnostic for species in the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on SSU and D2/D3 LSU sequences revealed that B. rufipennis n. sp. was closest to B. paracorneolus and that E. obtusus was closest to species of Ektaphelenchoides and a Cryptaphelenchus sp.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus rufipennis},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Kanzaki, Natsumi and Giblin-Davis, Robin M. and Cardoza, Yasmin and Ye, Weimin and Raffa, Kenneth F. and Center, Barbara J.}
}
@article {13277,
	title = {Diplogastrellus metamasius n. sp. (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae) isolated from Metamasius hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) in southern Florida and Costa Rica},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {10},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {853-868},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Diplogastrellus metamasius n. sp. (Rhabditidae) was cultured from dauer juveniles recovered during dissections of the West Indian sugarcane weevil, Metamasius hemipterus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), from southern Florida and Costa Rica. Morphological studies of these two isolates with light microscopy and SEM revealed many typological differences between it and the closest putative relative. Based upon molecular and mating studies, the two isolates are conspecific and are described herein as Diplogastrellus metamasius n. sp. Diplogastrellus metamasius n. sp. is characterised by stomatal structure, i.e., cheilostom with thin adradial cuticular flaps, anterior region of gymnostom ring strongly cuticularised and refractile, stegostom forming a structure resembling a {\textquoteright}glottoid{\textquoteright} apparatus and possessing a movable, flap-like, dorsal tooth with small ventral ridges, oblong (elongated) median bulb in both sexes, single gonad with short (less than one vulva body diam.) postuterine sac, well developed ovary reflexed posteriorly beyond the vulva, tapered to filiform tail in both sexes, relatively large gubernaculum in males (with arcuate anterior part and pointed distal part in lateral view) and arrangement of the nine pairs of male genital papillae, especially the position of first two pairs which are located far anterior to the cloacal slit. Because of the many possibilities for homoplasy in the morphological characters possessed by the new species and described species in the {\textquoteright}sister{\textquoteright} genera of Butlerius, i.e., the arrangement of male caudal papillae, and Paroigolaimella, i.e., the arrangement of cheilostomatal flaps, molecular analysis of more members of these putative clades is necessary before unambiguous generic placement of this new species is possible.},
	keywords = {Metamasius hemipterus, Parasite].},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Kanzaki, Natsumi and Giblin-Davis, Robin M. and Zeng, Yongsan and Ye, Weimin and Center, Barbara J.}
}
@article {9881,
	title = {Bursaphelenchus pinophilus Brzeski \& Baujard, 1997 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) associated with nematangia on Pityogenes bidentatus (Herbst, 1783) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), from the Czech Republic},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012},
	pages = {385-387},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Cermak, Vaclav and Vieira, Paulo and Gaar, Vladimir and Cudejkova, Maria and Foit, Jiri and Siroka, Katerina and Mota, Manuel}
}
