@article {11014,
	title = {Analyzing the history of the derelomine flower weevil-Carludovica association (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Cyclanthaceae)},
	journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination: Analyzing the history of the derelomine flower weevil-Carludovica association (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Cyclanthaceae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 81},
	pages = {483-517},
	abstract = {The evolutionary history of the interaction among species of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Derelomini) and the Panama-hat palm Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae) is analysed with emphasis on the congruence of (1) topologies and (2) character state transformations in each of the Neotropical clades. For this purpose cladistic analyses are complemented with host plant records, natural history information and selected morphological studies of the associated taxa. The interaction is specialized, involving pollination, oviposition into the inflorescences and the predation of seeds (particularly within Systenotelus). As results from a range of standard coevolutionary methods of analysis indicate, however, events of colonization, extinction and independent (non-reciprocal) speciation have been abundant throughout the history of the association. At the same time it is possible to specify the homology and succession of characters among species of derelomines and Carludovica and interpret them as reciprocal adaptations to attack and protect the seeds, respectively. It is argued that {\textendash} in light of the limited evolutionary stability of many insect{\textendash}plant interactions {\textendash} the question of coevolution is most effectively addressed by combining information from the character- and topology-based approaches.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Coevolution.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5717,
	title = {Reproductive trade-offs in a specialized plant/pollinator system involving Asplundia uncinata Harling (Cyclanthaceae) and a derelomine flower weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). },
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {269},
	number = {183-201},
	year = {2008},
	abstract = {The reproductive interactions of a specialized plant/pollinator system involving Asplundia uncinata Harling (Cyclanthaceae) and a derelomine flower weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Derelomini) were studied at La Selva, Costa Rica. The inflorescences of A. uncinata exhibit a suite of cantharophilous characters including a precisely synchronized anthesis, protogyny, thermogenesis, olfactory attraction of visitors via modified staminodes, and narrow interfloral entrances. The weevil pollinators use the inflorescences for feeding, mating, and oviposition. The larvae are detritivorous and develop either in the detaching staminate flowers or, at a more favorable rate, in the rotting infructescences. The rate of infructescence abortion was high and caused by low levels of pollination. Manual pollination treatments yielded significantly higher seed counts than obtained under natural conditions, and furthermore demonstrated the inflorescences{\textquoteright} ability to reproduce via geitonogamy. In the longer term, the reproductive benefits of maintaining low levels of pollination may shift away from the weevils and towards the plants via an increase in the size of the pollinator population.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Asplundia.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5718,
	title = {Pollination of Anthurium by derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
	journal = {International Journal of Tropical Biology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {269-277},
	edition = {31 March 2007},
	abstract = {Cyclanthura flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Derelomini) are identified for the first time as pollinators of multiple species of Anthurium (Araceae) in Costa Rica. The weevils are present on the inflorescences in small numbers during the pistillate and staminate phase of anthesis, and consume plant tissuesand pollen. The individuals of one species of Cyclanthura can visit several Anthurium species within the same locality. They also engage in reproductive activities and are likely to oviposit into the flowers. The mating strategies suggest that sperm precedence selects males that are able to secure their position as the last partner prior to oviposition.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Anthurium.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5719,
	title = {Pollination of Anthurium by derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).},
	journal = {International Journal of Tropical Biology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {269-277},
	edition = {31 March 2007},
	abstract = {Cyclanthura flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Derelomini) are identified for the first time as pollinators of multiple species of Anthurium (Araceae) in Costa Rica. The weevils are present on the inflorescences in small numbers during the pistillate and staminate phase of anthesis, and consume plant tissuesand pollen. The individuals of one species of Cyclanthura can visit several Anthurium species within the same locality. They also engage in reproductive activities and are likely to oviposit into the flowers. The mating strategies suggest that sperm precedence selects males that are able to secure their position as the last partner prior to oviposition.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Anthurium.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5711,
	title = {Evolutionary trends in derelomine flower weevils: from associations to homology},
	journal = {Invertebrate Systematics},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination: Evolutionary trends in derelomine flower weevils: from associations to homology. Invertebrate Systematics 19},
	pages = {499-530},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/DerelomineEvolution.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Valente, R.M.}
}
@article {5712,
	title = {Evolutionary trends in derelomine flower weevils: from associations to homology.},
	journal = {Invertebrate Systematics},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Evolutionary trends in derelomine flower weevils: from associations to homology. Invertebrate Systematics 19},
	pages = {499-530},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/DerelomineEvolution.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Valente, R.M.}
}
@article {5713,
	title = {Systematics of Cyclanthura gen.n., a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
	journal = {Insect Systematics \& Evolution},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination: Systematics of Cyclanthura, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insect Systematics \& Evolution 34 ReferenceLetter: b.},
	pages = {153-198},
	abstract = {Cyclanthura, gen. n., is described to accommodate the following 15 new Neotropical species of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae): C. laticola, sp. n.; C. sphaerata, sp. n.; C. cordata, sp. n.; C. dentata, sp. n.; C. pilosa, sp. n.; C. capitulata, sp. n.; C. tenuicola, sp. n.; C. carinata, sp. n.; C. uncinata, sp. n.; C. oculata, sp. n.; C. cultrata, sp. n.; C. striata, sp. n.; C. bipartita, sp. n.; C. crepidula, sp. n.; and C. palmata, sp. n. The monophyly of Cyclanthura is indicated by the putatively synapomorphic elytral elevations and impressions, the posteriorly explanate female tergum VIII, and the posteriorly emarginate female tergum IX. These and various other characteristics - e.g. transformations in the apical region of the male median lobe - distinguish Cyclanthura from Phyllotrox Sch{\"o}nherr to which its species would have been assigned until now. Particular species of Cyclanthura are considered to pollinate and reproduce on the inflorescences of Araceae (Anthurium) and Cyclanthaceae (Asplundia, Carludovica, Sphaeradenia, and Cyclanthus). Several significant host plant transitions appear to have evolved within the genus. These patterns are discussed in the light of a phylogeny of the species of Cyclanthura which is based on an analysis of 22 taxa and 32 characters.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Cyclanthura.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5714,
	title = {Systematics of Cyclanthura gen.n., a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).},
	journal = {Insect Systematics \& Evolution},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Systematics of Cyclanthura, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insect Systematics \& Evolution 34 ReferenceLetter:  b.},
	pages = {153-198},
	abstract = {Cyclanthura, gen. n., is described to accommodate the following 15 new Neotropical species of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae): C. laticola, sp. n.; C. sphaerata, sp. n.; C. cordata, sp. n.; C. dentata, sp. n.; C. pilosa, sp. n.; C. capitulata, sp. n.; C. tenuicola, sp. n.; C. carinata, sp. n.; C. uncinata, sp. n.; C. oculata, sp. n.; C. cultrata, sp. n.; C. striata, sp. n.; C. bipartita, sp. n.; C. crepidula, sp. n.; and C. palmata, sp. n. The monophyly of Cyclanthura is indicated by the putatively synapomorphic elytral elevations and impressions, the posteriorly explanate female tergum VIII, and the posteriorly emarginate female tergum IX. These and various other characteristics - e.g. transformations in the apical region of the male median lobe - distinguish Cyclanthura from Phyllotrox Sch{\"o}nherr to which its species would have been assigned until now. Particular species of Cyclanthura are considered to pollinate and reproduce on the inflorescences of Araceae (Anthurium) and Cyclanthaceae (Asplundia, Carludovica, Sphaeradenia, and Cyclanthus). Several significant host plant transitions appear to have evolved within the genus. These patterns are discussed in the light of a phylogeny of the species of Cyclanthura which is based on an analysis of 22 taxa and 32 characters.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Cyclanthura.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5715,
	title = {Revision, phylogeny, and natural history of Cotithene Voss (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {1782},
	year = {Submitted},
	pages = {1-33},
	abstract = {Cotithene Voss, a previously monotypic genus of Neotropical derelomine flower weevils (Curculionidae: Derelomini), is revised, with provision of a key to the species, cladistic analysis and notes on its natural history. The following six new species are described: C. anaphalanta (Costa Rica), C. dicranopygia (Costa Rica), C. leptorhamphis (Costa Rica, Panama), C. melanoptera (Venezuela), C. stratiotricha (Costa Rica) and C. trigaea (Costa Rica). The monophyly of Cotithene is supported by the characters of a dorsomedially expanded, carinate rostrum, ventrally angulate head, long and anteriorly directed setation on the anterior margin of the prosternum and an apicodorsally expanded aedeagus with paired sclerites in the male, and subcontiguous to separated procoxal cavities in the female. Particularly the males of several species have intriguing and allometrically scaled modifications on the head (triangular projections, long setae) and pronotum (expansion, tumescences), which possibly play a role in male-to-male conflicts. Cotithene species are specialized to visit and reproduce on a narrow range of typically closely related species of Cyclanthaceae. The adults do not function as pollinators, and the herbivorous larvae develop in the fruiting organs of their hosts, frequently triggering the abortion of infructescences. An analysis of 12 taxa (5 outgroup, 7 ingroup) and 32 morphological characters yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram (L = 38, CI = 89, RI = 93) with the topology (C. dicranopygia, (C. stratiotricha, ((C. leptorhamphis, C. trigaea), (C. globulicollis Voss, (C. anaphalanta, C. melanoptera))))). The evolution of morphological traits and host shifts is examined in light of the proposed phylogeny.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Cotithene.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5716,
	title = {Reproductive trade-offs in a specialized plant/pollinator system involving Asplundia uncinata Harling (Cyclanthaceae) and a derelomine flower weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {269},
	year = {2008},
	abstract = {The reproductive interactions of a specialized plant/pollinator system involving Asplundia uncinata Harling (Cyclanthaceae) and a derelomine flower weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Derelomini) were studied at La Selva, Costa Rica. The inflorescences of A. uncinata exhibit a suite of cantharophilous characters including a precisely synchronized anthesis, protogyny, thermogenesis, olfactory attraction of visitors via modified staminodes, and narrow interfloral entrances. The weevil pollinators use the inflorescences for feeding, mating, and oviposition. The larvae are detritivorous and develop either in the detaching staminate flowers or, at a more favorable rate, in the rotting infructescences. The rate of infructescence abortion was high and caused by low levels of pollination. Manual pollination treatments yielded significantly higher seed counts than obtained under natural conditions, and furthermore demonstrated the inflorescences{\textquoteright} ability to reproduce via geitonogamy. In the longer term, the reproductive benefits of maintaining low levels of pollination may shift away from the weevils and towards the plants via an increase in the size of the pollinator population.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Asplundia.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5708,
	title = {Redescriptions of critical type species in the Eustylini Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {44},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {41-80},
	abstract = {Detailed morphological redescriptions and illustrations are provided for the following type species of six diverse and taxonomically overlapping genera of broad-nosed weevils, traditionally placed in or near the Neotropical tribe Eustylini Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae): Compsus argyreus (Linnaeus), Diaprepes abbreviatus (Linnaeus), Eustylus puber (Olivier), Exophthalmus quadrivittatus (Olivier), Exorides wagneri (von Harold), and Lachnopus valgus (Fabricius), which is apparently not a member of this tribe. Descriptions of mouthparts, male and female terminalia, and of other external and internal structures are reported for the first time, and thus build a foundation for re-examining the taxonomic limits and phylogenetic relationships among eustyline genera. It is suggested that the type specimen of D. abbreviatus, originally described by Linnaeus, pertains to populations that occur along the northern coast of Puerto Rico.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/EustyliniTypeRedescriptions.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5709,
	title = {Towards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
	journal = {Systematic Entomology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination: Towards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Systematic Entomology 31},
	pages = {220-287},
	abstract = {A revised phylogenetic classification for derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini Lacordaire) is proposed,based on a cladistic analysis of 115 outgroup and ingroup taxa and 155 primarily morphological characters. The single most-parsimonious cladogram(length {\textonequarter} 271, consistency index {\textonequarter} 65, retention index {\textonequarter} 95) indicates that several genera must be excluded from the tribe, as they lack certain modifications of the mouthparts and a primary reproductive association with the inflorescences of palms. These include Araucarietus Kuschel, Eisingius Kuschel, and Planus Kuschel, new placements (now all Trypetidini); Euryscapoides Wibmer \& O{\textquoteright}Brien, new placement (Curculioninae incertae sedis); Neopsilorhinus Bovie, new placement (Erirhinidae: Erirhinini); and Pedetinus Faust, new placement (Eugnomini). Five subtribes are recognized within Derelomini. The oldest African and South American Derelomina have a carinate rostrum and lamellate dorsal scales. Grasidius Champion (previously Erirhinini) and Terires Champion (Storeini) are placed therein, new placements. Neoderelomus Hoffmann is nested within Derelomus Schoenherr, syn.n., and its only species is therefore renamed as D. piriformis (Hoffmann), comb.n. The predominantly Asian Acalyptina are reduced from tribal status, stat.n., to now be part of Derelomini, new placement. They are defined (inter alia) by truncate elytra. They also contain Eudela Pascoe and Eudelodes Zimmermann, new placements (previously Curculioninae incertae sedis). The New World Notolomina, subtr.n., are distinguished by bifurcate maxillary lacinial teeth and other mouthpart characters. Andranthobius mariahelenae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is added to this entity. Phyllotrogina, subtr.n., are a very diverse and mostly Neotropical lineage. They have two-segmented maxillary palps, a densely pubescent prosternum, and long macrosetae along the basal fifth of the posterior wing margin. Within the subtribe there are independent transitions to host plant associations with various dicots (Phyllotrox Schoenherr), Cyclanthaceae (e.g. Perelleschus Wibmer \& O{\textquoteright}Brien and Systenotelus Anderson \& Go{\textasciiacute} mez), and Araceae (Cyclanthura Franz). Their life history traits show related changes, including losses of the ability to pollinate, and more detrimental (herbivorous, seed-predating) larval developments (e.g. Cotithene Voss). Phyllotrox tatianae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is assigned to Phyllotrogina. Hypoleschus Fall is nested within Phyllotrox, syn.n., and thereby the latter now contains P. atratus (Fall), comb.n. The Central American palm-associated Androtrox Franz, gen.n., is proposed to accommodate A. megalops (Champion) (formerly Phyllotrox), comb.n., a species with large contiguous eyes and a set of mouthpart attributes convergently present in Andranthobius Kuschel (Notolomina) and Phyllotrox. The Neotropical Staminodeina, subtr.n., with a labial prementum with two triangular projections and a large anal lobe on the wing, probably represent a young clade of weevils specialized to oviposit into the ephemeral staminodes of Cyclanthaceae inflorescences. The apparent phylogenetic sequence of the subtribes is (Derelomina ((Acalyptina, Staminodeina) (Notolomina, Phyllotrogina))), with a Juanorhinini{\textendash}Trypetidini clade as the most immediate outgroup, followed by various curculionine lineages. The revised system thus improves the taxonomy of derelomine weevils, and clarifies our understanding of their roles in the evolution of several tropical plant lineages {\textendash} palms and cyclanths in particular.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/DerelominePhylogeny.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5710,
	title = {Towards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).},
	journal = {Systematic Entomology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Towards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Systematic Entomology 31},
	pages = {220-287},
	abstract = {A revised phylogenetic classification for derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini Lacordaire) is proposed,based on a cladistic analysis of 115 outgroup and ingroup taxa and 155 primarily morphological characters. The single most-parsimonious cladogram(length {\textonequarter} 271, consistency index {\textonequarter} 65, retention index {\textonequarter} 95) indicates that several genera must be excluded from the tribe, as they lack certain modifications of the mouthparts and a primary reproductive association with the inflorescences of palms. These include Araucarietus Kuschel, Eisingius Kuschel, and Planus Kuschel, new placements (now all Trypetidini); Euryscapoides Wibmer \& O{\textquoteright}Brien, new placement (Curculioninae incertae sedis); Neopsilorhinus Bovie, new placement (Erirhinidae: Erirhinini); and Pedetinus Faust, new placement (Eugnomini). Five subtribes are recognized within Derelomini. The oldest African and South American Derelomina have a carinate rostrum and lamellate dorsal scales. Grasidius Champion (previously Erirhinini) and Terires Champion (Storeini) are placed therein, new placements. Neoderelomus Hoffmann is nested within Derelomus Schoenherr, syn.n., and its only species is therefore renamed as D. piriformis (Hoffmann), comb.n. The predominantly Asian Acalyptina are reduced from tribal status, stat.n., to now be part of Derelomini, new placement. They are defined (inter alia) by truncate elytra. They also contain Eudela Pascoe and Eudelodes Zimmermann, new placements (previously Curculioninae incertae sedis). The New World Notolomina, subtr.n., are distinguished by bifurcate maxillary lacinial teeth and other mouthpart characters. Andranthobius mariahelenae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is added to this entity. Phyllotrogina, subtr.n., are a very diverse and mostly Neotropical lineage. They have two-segmented maxillary palps, a densely pubescent prosternum, and long macrosetae along the basal fifth of the posterior wing margin. Within the subtribe there are independent transitions to host plant associations with various dicots (Phyllotrox Schoenherr), Cyclanthaceae (e.g. Perelleschus Wibmer \& O{\textquoteright}Brien and Systenotelus Anderson \& Go{\textasciiacute} mez), and Araceae (Cyclanthura Franz). Their life history traits show related changes, including losses of the ability to pollinate, and more detrimental (herbivorous, seed-predating) larval developments (e.g. Cotithene Voss). Phyllotrox tatianae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is assigned to Phyllotrogina. Hypoleschus Fall is nested within Phyllotrox, syn.n., and thereby the latter now contains P. atratus (Fall), comb.n. The Central American palm-associated Androtrox Franz, gen.n., is proposed to accommodate A. megalops (Champion) (formerly Phyllotrox), comb.n., a species with large contiguous eyes and a set of mouthpart attributes convergently present in Andranthobius Kuschel (Notolomina) and Phyllotrox. The Neotropical Staminodeina, subtr.n., with a labial prementum with two triangular projections and a large anal lobe on the wing, probably represent a young clade of weevils specialized to oviposit into the ephemeral staminodes of Cyclanthaceae inflorescences. The apparent phylogenetic sequence of the subtribes is (Derelomina ((Acalyptina, Staminodeina) (Notolomina, Phyllotrogina))), with a Juanorhinini{\textendash}Trypetidini clade as the most immediate outgroup, followed by various curculionine lineages. The revised system thus improves the taxonomy of derelomine weevils, and clarifies our understanding of their roles in the evolution of several tropical plant lineages {\textendash} palms and cyclanths in particular.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/DerelominePhylogeny.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5704,
	title = {Revision and phylogeny of Perelleschus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with notes on its association with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae).},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Entomological Society},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Revision and phylogeny of Perelleschus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with notes on its association with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 127 ReferenceLetter:  a.},
	pages = {255-287},
	abstract = {Perelleschus Wibmer \& O{\textquoteright}Brien (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini) is revised, including the redescription of P. carludovicae (G{\"u}nther) from CostaRica and P. rectirostris Voss from Per{\'u}, as well as the addition of six new species: P. evelynae, new species, from Colombia and Panama; P. variabilis, new species, from Ecuador; P. biventralis, new species, from Ecuador; P. splendidus, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama; P. pubicoxae, new species, from Panama; and P. sulcatae, new species, from Costa Rica. The following putative synapomorphies are proposed for Perelleschus: (1) row of spines that extends along the entire length of the protibial apex; (2) basally broadened aedeagal apodemes in males (excepting P. rectirostris); and (3) basal, acute appendix of the spermatheca in females. Perelleschus subcinctus Voss lacks these and is transferred to Phyllotrox Sch{\"o}nherr as Phy. subcintus (Voss), new combination. Perelleschus is associated with Carludovica Ru{\'\i}z \& Pav{\'o}n (Cyclanthaceae). Observations on the biologies of the species, in particular P. carludovicae and P. sulcatae on C. sulcata Hammel at La Selva, Costa Rica, indicate that the adults are pollinators, whereas the larvae consume the pulp and seeds of the infructescences. A cladistic analysis - with Staminodeus vectoris Franz, a new species of Derelomini, and Systenotelus costaricensis Anderson \& G{\'o}mez as outgroup taxa - proposes the phylogenetic relationships (P. rectirostris, ((P. evelynae, P. variabilis), (P. biventralis, P. splendidus, (P. pubicoxae, (P. carludovicae, P. sulcatae))))).},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Perelleschus.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Charles W. O{\textquoteright}Brien}
}
@article {5705,
	title = {Ganglionus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination: Ganglionus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 74 ReferenceLetter: b.},
	pages = {835-850},
	abstract = {Ganglionus, gen. nov.,is described for {\TH}ve species: G. mitigatus, sp. nov.,from Costa Rica; G. catenatus, sp. nov.,from Costa Rica and Panama; G. undulatus, sp. nov.,from Costa Rica and Panama; G. constrictus, sp. nov.,from Ecuador; and G. spatulatus, sp. nov.,from Colombia. Ganglionus is placed in Derelomini and presents the following putative synapomorphies: male with (1) dorsally tumescent rostrum,(2) posteriorly setose sternum VIII,and (3) apically O-shaped tegmen. Ganglionus is associated with Carludovica Ru{\~o}{\textasciiacute}z \& Pavo{\textasciiacute}n (Cyclanthaceae). Observations on the biology of G. undulatus at La Selva,Costa Rica,indicate that the adults are pollinators. The females oviposit into the staminate {\ss}owers of the host in{\ss}orescences,and the larvae complete their development in the leaf litter.Acladistic analysis{\~N}using Notolomus basalis LeConte, Staminodeus vectoris Franz, and Perelleschus carludovicae (Gu{\textasciidieresis} nther) as outgroups - proposes the relationships (G. mitigatus, ((G. catenatus, G. undulatus),( G. constrictus, G. spatulatus))).},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Ganglionus.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Charles W. O{\textquoteright}Brien}
}
@article {5706,
	title = {Ganglionus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae).},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Ganglionus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 74 ReferenceLetter:  b.},
	pages = {835-850},
	abstract = {Ganglionus, gen. nov.,is described for {\TH}ve species: G. mitigatus, sp. nov.,from Costa Rica; G. catenatus, sp. nov.,from Costa Rica and Panama; G. undulatus, sp. nov.,from Costa Rica and  Panama; G. constrictus, sp. nov.,from Ecuador; and G. spatulatus, sp. nov.,from Colombia. Ganglionus is placed in Derelomini and presents the following putative synapomorphies: male with (1) dorsally tumescent rostrum,(2) posteriorly setose sternum VIII,and (3) apically O-shaped tegmen. Ganglionus is associated with Carludovica Ru{\~o}{\textasciiacute}z \& Pavo{\textasciiacute}n (Cyclanthaceae). Observations on the biology of G. undulatus at La Selva,Costa Rica,indicate that the adults are pollinators. The females oviposit into the staminate {\ss}owers of the host in{\ss}orescences,and the larvae complete their development in the leaf litter.Acladistic analysis{\~N}using Notolomus basalis LeConte, Staminodeus vectoris Franz, and Perelleschus carludovicae (Gu{\textasciidieresis} nther) as outgroups - proposes the relationships (G. mitigatus, ((G. catenatus, G. undulatus),( G. constrictus, G. spatulatus))).},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Ganglionus.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Charles W. O{\textquoteright}Brien}
}
@article {5707,
	title = {Redescriptions of critical type species in the Eustylini Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {41-80},
	abstract = {Detailed morphological redescriptions and illustrations are provided for the following type species of six diverse and taxonomically overlapping genera of broad-nosed weevils, traditionally placed in or near the Neotropical tribe Eustylini Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae): Compsus argyreus (Linnaeus), Diaprepes abbreviatus (Linnaeus), Eustylus puber (Olivier), Exophthalmus quadrivittatus (Olivier), Exorides wagneri (von Harold), and Lachnopus valgus (Fabricius), which is apparently not a member of this tribe. Descriptions of mouthparts, male and female terminalia, and of other external and internal structures are reported for the first time, and thus build a foundation for re-examining the taxonomic limits and phylogenetic relationships among eustyline genera. It is suggested that the type specimen of D. abbreviatus, originally described by Linnaeus, pertains to populations that occur along the northern coast of Puerto Rico.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/EustyliniTypeRedescriptions.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5703,
	title = {Revision and phylogeny of Perelleschus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with notes on its association with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae)},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Entomological Society},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination: Revision and phylogeny of Perelleschus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with notes on its association with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 127 ReferenceLetter: a.},
	pages = {255-287},
	abstract = {Perelleschus Wibmer \& O{\textquoteright}Brien (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini) is revised, including the redescription of P. carludovicae (G{\"u}nther) from CostaRica and P. rectirostris Voss from Per{\'u}, as well as the addition of six new species: P. evelynae, new species, from Colombia and Panama; P. variabilis, new species, from Ecuador; P. biventralis, new species, from Ecuador; P. splendidus, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama; P. pubicoxae, new species, from Panama; and P. sulcatae, new species, from Costa Rica. The following putative synapomorphies are proposed for Perelleschus: (1) row of spines that extends along the entire length of the protibial apex; (2) basally broadened aedeagal apodemes in males (excepting P. rectirostris); and (3) basal, acute appendix of the spermatheca in females. Perelleschus subcinctus Voss lacks these and is transferred to Phyllotrox Sch{\"o}nherr as Phy. subcintus (Voss), new combination. Perelleschus is associated with Carludovica Ru{\'\i}z \& Pav{\'o}n (Cyclanthaceae). Observations on the biologies of the species, in particular P. carludovicae and P. sulcatae on C. sulcata Hammel at La Selva, Costa Rica, indicate that the adults are pollinators, whereas the larvae consume the pulp and seeds of the infructescences. A cladistic analysis - with Staminodeus vectoris Franz, a new species of Derelomini, and Systenotelus costaricensis Anderson \& G{\'o}mez as outgroup taxa - proposes the phylogenetic relationships (P. rectirostris, ((P. evelynae, P. variabilis), (P. biventralis, P. splendidus, (P. pubicoxae, (P. carludovicae, P. sulcatae))))).},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Perelleschus.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Charles W. O{\textquoteright}Brien}
}
@article {5700,
	title = {Scelianoma elydimorpha, a new genus and new species of entimine weevil from southwestern Puerto Rico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)},
	journal = {Neotropical Entomology},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {219-230},
	abstract = {Scelianoma elydimorpha Franz \& Gir{\'o}n, new genus and new species, an entimine weevil endemic to southwestern Puerto Rico, is described and illustrated in detail, and assigned to the tribe Eustylini (Curculionidae: Entiminae). Scelianoma is distinguished from related taxa by the following diagnostic features: shape narrowly elongate, length/width ratio 2.8-3.5; integument with densely arranged scales; pronotum without conspicuous sculpturing; male metatibia with row of 5-7 teeth, each tooth with a spine-like seta; female metatibia lacking teeth, yet with row of long, narrowly depressed setae; metatibial corbel linear; elytral humeri absent, elytra in lateral view with dorsal outline subplane, lacking cuticular projections, posterior declivity strongly angulate, slightly convex (male) to rectate (female); and wings absent. The elytra of S. elydimorpha are sexually dimorphic, attenuating in males along the posterior 5/6 yet mostly subparallel in females, and the females furthermore have two rows of erect setae along each mesal side of the declivity. Scelianoma elydimorpha is common on the southern limestone slopes of the well-preserved Gu{\'a}nica dry forest. The immature stages and host plants are unknown.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Scelianoma.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Gir{\'o}n, J.C.}
}
@article {5701,
	title = {Scelianoma elydimorpha, a new genus and new species of entimine weevil from southwestern Puerto Rico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)},
	journal = {Neotropical Entomology},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {219-230},
	chapter = {219},
	abstract = {Scelianoma elydimorpha Franz \& Gir{\'o}n, new genus and new species, an entimine weevil endemic to southwestern Puerto Rico, is described and illustrated in detail, and assigned to the tribe Eustylini (Curculionidae: Entiminae). Scelianoma is distinguished from related taxa by the following diagnostic features: shape narrowly elongate, length/width ratio 2.8-3.5; integument with densely arranged scales; pronotum without conspicuous sculpturing; male metatibia with row of 5-7 teeth, each tooth with a spine-like seta; female metatibia lacking teeth, yet with row of long, narrowly depressed setae; metatibial corbel linear; elytral humeri absent, elytra in lateral view with dorsal outline subplane, lacking cuticular projections, posterior declivity strongly angulate, slightly convex (male) to rectate (female); and wings absent. The elytra of S. elydimorpha are sexually dimorphic, attenuating in males along the posterior 5/6 yet mostly subparallel in females, and the females furthermore have two rows of erect setae along each mesal side of the declivity. Scelianoma elydimorpha is common on the southern limestone slopes of the well-preserved Gu{\'a}nica dry forest. The immature stages and host plants are unknown.},
	keywords = {Scelianoma elydimorpha},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Scelianoma.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Gir{\'o}n, J.C.}
}
@article {5695,
	title = {Structure of the beetle fauna (Insecta: Coleoptera) in forest remnants of western Puerto Rico},
	journal = {Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {83-100},
	abstract = {We studied the richness and abundance of beetle families in two successional forest fragments located in close proximity on the campus of the Universityof Puerto Rico at Mayag{\"u}ez (UPRM), western Puerto Rico. The study period extended from April to December 2005 and included nine monthlyrepetitions of quantitative samples using necrophilous, pitfall, and light traps. A total of 30 beetle families{\textemdash}48\% of the families reported on the Island{\textemdash}and 38,126 individuals were obtained. The among-site variation was low, as both sites were dominated by beetles belonging to the families Curculionidae,Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, Scarabaeidae, and Hydrophilidae (in order of abundance). These families represent a range of feeding habits andjointly constituted more than 93\% of the samples. The light traps were most effective in maximizing the sampled beetle diversity. The abundance of mostgroups was correlated with the seasonal changes in climate and resource availability, and peaked in the middle of the rainy season in August. In summary,the forest fragments of the UPRM campus harbor a surprisingly diverse and temporally dynamic beetle fauna. More wide-ranging assessmentsof coleopteran communities residing in successional forests in Puerto Rico are needed to characterize and preserve these valuable habitats.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/UPRM-BeetleFauna.pdf},
	author = {Martinez, N.J. and Acosta, J.A. and Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5696,
	title = {Mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the value of systematics in behavioural studies},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination: Mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the value of systematics in behavioural studies. Journal of Natural History 37 ReferenceLetter: a.},
	pages = {1727-1750},
	abstract = {The mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris Franz (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini) is described and discussed in light of a phylogeny of Staminodeus Franz. At La Selva, Costa Rica, S. vectoris is associated with the staminodes of the inflorescences of Asplundia uncinata Harling and several other species of Cyclanthaceae. The males have a row of 6{\textendash}10 teeth along the margin of the protibia, whereas the females have a small, curved spine on the frons. The adults arrive in numbers at the inflorescences during the pistillate phase of the anthesis of A. uncinata, feeding on the staminodes. Eventually, a female detaches a staminode with her mandibles, falls to the ground, and transports it to the site of oviposition in the leaf litter. First, she crawls underneath the staminode, then moves it posteriorly with her legs, and finally returns to its distal end before repeating the process. The female turns on her back and maintains her original position during the movement of the staminode, using her frontal spine as a point of resistance against the substrate. Meanwhile, a male associates with the staminode. The males fight with their prothoracic legs, executing fast blows until their protibial teeth cling and dislodge competitors from the staminode. The positive and negative allometries of the lengths of the male protibia and female spine, are consistent with their functions in the contexts of sexual and natural selection, respectively. The phylogeny of all seven species of Staminodeus hypothesises that female transporting behaviour evolved before male fighting behaviour.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/StaminodeusMating.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5697,
	title = {Mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and  the value of systematics in behavioural studies.},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and  the value of systematics in behavioural studies. Journal of Natural History 37 ReferenceLetter:  a.},
	pages = {1727-1750},
	abstract = {The mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris Franz (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini) is described and discussed in light of a phylogeny of Staminodeus Franz. At La Selva, Costa Rica, S. vectoris is associated with the staminodes of the inflorescences of Asplundia uncinata Harling and several other species of Cyclanthaceae. The males have a row of 6{\textendash}10 teeth along the margin of the protibia, whereas the females have a small, curved spine on the frons. The adults arrive in numbers at the inflorescences during the pistillate phase of the anthesis of A. uncinata, feeding on the staminodes. Eventually, a female detaches a staminode with her mandibles, falls to the ground, and transports it to the site of oviposition in the leaf litter. First, she crawls underneath the staminode, then moves it posteriorly with her legs, and finally returns to its distal end before repeating the process. The female turns on her back and maintains her original position during the movement of the staminode, using her frontal spine as a point of resistance against the substrate. Meanwhile, a male associates with the staminode. The males fight with their prothoracic legs, executing fast blows until their protibial teeth cling and dislodge competitors from the staminode. The positive and negative allometries of the lengths of the male protibia and female spine, are consistent with their functions in the contexts of sexual and natural selection, respectively. The phylogeny of all seven species of Staminodeus hypothesises that female transporting behaviour evolved before male fighting behaviour.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/StaminodeusMating.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5698,
	title = {Description and phylogeny of Staminodeus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Cyclanthaceae},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination: Description and phylogeny of Staminodeus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Cyclanthaceae. Coleopterists Bulletin 55},
	pages = {411-432},
	abstract = {Staminodeus, new genus, is described for seven species: S. inermis, new species, from Panama; S. curvitibialis, new species, from Colombia and Venezuela; S. denticulatus, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama; S. bispinosus, new species, from Panama; S. forcipis, new species, from Costa Rica; S. dilatatus, new species, from Panama; and S. vectoris, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama. Staminodeus is placed in Derelomini, and is characterized by the putative synapomorphies: carinate rostrum, male with prothoracic leg ventrally denticulate (excepting S. inermis) as well as median lobe internally with complex structures, and female with frontal spine. All species are hypothesized to be associated with the staminodes of the inflorescences of Cyclanthaceae. Field observations on the reproductive behavior of S. vectoris at La Selva, Costa Rica, indicate that the protibia in males is used to displace competitors, whereas the spine in females was used as a point of support while transporting the detached staminodes to ovipositionsites on the forest floor. A cladistic analysis with Notolomus basalis LeConte, Perelleschus carludovicae (Gu{\textasciidieresis}nther), and Systenotelus costaricensis Anderson \& Go{\textasciiacute}mez as outgroup taxa hypothesizes the phylogenetic relationships (S. inermis, ((S. curvitibialis, S. denticulatus), ((S. bispinosus, S. forcipis), (S. dilatatus, S. vectoris)))).},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Staminodeus.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5699,
	title = {Description and phylogeny of Staminodeus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Cyclanthaceae.},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Description and phylogeny of Staminodeus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Cyclanthaceae. Coleopterists Bulletin 55},
	pages = {411-432},
	abstract = {Staminodeus, new genus, is described for seven species: S. inermis, new species, from Panama; S. curvitibialis, new species, from Colombia and Venezuela; S. denticulatus, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama; S. bispinosus, new species, from Panama; S. forcipis, new species, from Costa Rica; S. dilatatus, new species, from Panama; and S. vectoris, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama. Staminodeus is placed in Derelomini, and is characterized by the putative synapomorphies: carinate rostrum, male with prothoracic leg ventrally denticulate (excepting S. inermis) as well as median lobe internally with complex structures, and female with frontal spine. All species are hypothesized to be associated with the staminodes of the inflorescences of Cyclanthaceae. Field observations on the reproductive behavior of S. vectoris at La Selva, Costa Rica, indicate that the protibia in males is used to displace competitors, whereas the spine in females was used as a point of support while transporting the detached staminodes to ovipositionsites on the forest floor. A cladistic analysis with Notolomus basalis LeConte, Perelleschus carludovicae (Gu{\textasciidieresis}nther), and Systenotelus costaricensis Anderson \& Go{\textasciiacute}mez as outgroup taxa hypothesizes the phylogenetic relationships (S. inermis, ((S. curvitibialis, S. denticulatus), ((S. bispinosus, S. forcipis), (S. dilatatus, S. vectoris)))).},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Staminodeus.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {5693,
	title = {New records of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from Mona Island, Puerto Rico},
	journal = {Solenodon},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {82-98},
	abstract = {An inventory of the weevil fauna of Mona Island, Puerto Rico, is provided. Sixteen new records and 5-9 new species are reported, yielding a total of 28 species of Curculionoidea for the island. The distribution and natural history of each species are briefly reviewed. As many as nine species are endemics, whereas 15 species are shared with Puerto Rico which was the primary source region for Pliocene-Pleistocene colonization events. Mona Island{\textquoteright}s weevil fauna is depauperate and dominated by members of the Cossoninae, Anthonomini, Tychiini, Entiminae, and Scolytinae. The apparent underrepresentation of common Caribbean weevil lineages such as the Cryptorhynchinae suggests that subaerial land bridges during the Oligocene-Miocene period were important in facilitating their colonization of the main island of Puerto Rico.},
	keywords = {Anthribidae, Brentidae, Cryptorhynchinae, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Entiminae, Molytinae, Platypodinae},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/~franz/publications/MonaWeevils.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Charles W. O{\textquoteright}Brien and Nunez, D.R.}
}
@article {5694,
	title = {New records of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from Mona Island, Puerto Rico.},
	journal = {Solenodon},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {82-98},
	chapter = {82},
	abstract = {An inventory of the weevil fauna of Mona Island, Puerto Rico, is provided. Sixteen new records and 5-9 new species are reported, yielding a total of 28 species of Curculionoidea for the island. The distribution and natural history of each species are briefly reviewed. As many as nine species are endemics, whereas 15 species are shared with Puerto Rico which was the primary source region for Pliocene-Pleistocene colonization events. Mona Island{\textquoteright}s weevil fauna is depauperate and dominated by members of the Cossoninae, Anthonomini, Tychiini, Entiminae, and Scolytinae. The apparent underrepresentation of common Caribbean weevil lineages such as the Cryptorhynchinae suggests that subaerial land bridges during the Oligocene-Miocene period were important in facilitating their colonization of the main island of Puerto Rico.},
	keywords = {Anthribidae, Brentidae, Cryptorhynchinae, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Entiminae, Molytinae, Platypodinae},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/~franz/publications/MonaWeevils.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Charles W. O{\textquoteright}Brien and Nunez, D.R.}
}
@article {4644,
	title = {Revision and phylogeny of Perelleschus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with notes on its association with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae).},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Entomological Society},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Revision and phylogeny of Perelleschus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with notes on its association with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 127 ReferenceLetter:  a.},
	pages = {255-287},
	abstract = {Perelleschus Wibmer \& O{\textquoteright}Brien (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini) is revised, including the redescription of P. carludovicae (G{\"u}nther) from CostaRica and P. rectirostris Voss from Per{\'u}, as well as the addition of six new species: P. evelynae, new species, from Colombia and Panama; P. variabilis, new species, from Ecuador; P. biventralis, new species, from Ecuador; P. splendidus, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama; P. pubicoxae, new species, from Panama; and P. sulcatae, new species, from Costa Rica. The following putative synapomorphies are proposed for Perelleschus: (1) row of spines that extends along the entire length of the protibial apex; (2) basally broadened aedeagal apodemes in males (excepting P. rectirostris); and (3) basal, acute appendix of the spermatheca in females. Perelleschus subcinctus Voss lacks these and is transferred to Phyllotrox Sch{\"o}nherr as Phy. subcintus (Voss), new combination. Perelleschus is associated with Carludovica Ru{\'\i}z \& Pav{\'o}n (Cyclanthaceae). Observations on the biologies of the species, in particular P. carludovicae and P. sulcatae on C. sulcata Hammel at La Selva, Costa Rica, indicate that the adults are pollinators, whereas the larvae consume the pulp and seeds of the infructescences. A cladistic analysis - with Staminodeus vectoris Franz, a new species of Derelomini, and Systenotelus costaricensis Anderson \& G{\'o}mez as outgroup taxa - proposes the phylogenetic relationships (P. rectirostris, ((P. evelynae, P. variabilis), (P. biventralis, P. splendidus, (P. pubicoxae, (P. carludovicae, P. sulcatae))))).},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Perelleschus.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Charles W. O{\textquoteright}Brien}
}
@article {4645,
	title = {New records of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from Mona Island, Puerto Rico.},
	journal = {Solenodon},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {82-98},
	chapter = {82},
	abstract = {An inventory of the weevil fauna of Mona Island, Puerto Rico, is provided. Sixteen new records and 5-9 new species are reported, yielding a total of 28 species of Curculionoidea for the island. The distribution and natural history of each species are briefly reviewed. As many as nine species are endemics, whereas 15 species are shared with Puerto Rico which was the primary source region for Pliocene-Pleistocene colonization events. Mona Island{\textquoteright}s weevil fauna is depauperate and dominated by members of the Cossoninae, Anthonomini, Tychiini, Entiminae, and Scolytinae. The apparent underrepresentation of common Caribbean weevil lineages such as the Cryptorhynchinae suggests that subaerial land bridges during the Oligocene-Miocene period were important in facilitating their colonization of the main island of Puerto Rico.},
	keywords = {Anthribidae, Brentidae, Cryptorhynchinae, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Entiminae, Molytinae, Platypodinae},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/~franz/publications/MonaWeevils.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Charles W. O{\textquoteright}Brien and Nunez, D.R.}
}
@article {4647,
	title = {Evolutionary trends in derelomine flower weevils: from associations to homology.},
	journal = {Invertebrate Systematics},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Evolutionary trends in derelomine flower weevils: from associations to homology. Invertebrate Systematics 19},
	pages = {499-530},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/DerelomineEvolution.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Valente, R.M.}
}
@article {4640,
	title = {Redescriptions of critical type species in the Eustylini Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {44},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {41-80},
	abstract = {Detailed morphological redescriptions and illustrations are provided for the following type species of six diverse and taxonomically overlapping genera of broad-nosed weevils, traditionally placed in or near the Neotropical tribe Eustylini Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae): Compsus argyreus (Linnaeus), Diaprepes abbreviatus (Linnaeus), Eustylus puber (Olivier), Exophthalmus quadrivittatus (Olivier), Exorides wagneri (von Harold), and Lachnopus valgus (Fabricius), which is apparently not a member of this tribe. Descriptions of mouthparts, male and female terminalia, and of other external and internal structures are reported for the first time, and thus build a foundation for re-examining the taxonomic limits and phylogenetic relationships among eustyline genera. It is suggested that the type specimen of D. abbreviatus, originally described by Linnaeus, pertains to populations that occur along the northern coast of Puerto Rico.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/EustyliniTypeRedescriptions.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {4641,
	title = {Can higher-level phylogenies of weevils explain their evolutionary success? A critical review.},
	journal = {Systematic Entomology},
	year = {2010},
	abstract = {We review a series of related publications that combine higher-level phylogenies of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) with host plant information to explain the success of this megadiverse lineage in the context of a coevolutionary escape-and-radiation hypothesis. We argue that the authors{\textquoteright} approach, though by no means isolated, is marred by the cumulative effect of (1) inadequate taxon sampling, particularly within the most diverse family Curculionidae;  (2) insufficient reconciliation of systematic evidence, including the reassessment of morphological characters and necessary classificatory emendations; (3) exceedingly wide concepts of ecological similarity, leading to uninformative tests of adaptation; (4) insufficient resolution of the temporal sequence of associated weevil and angiosperm radiations; and (5) inadequate consideration of alternatives to the escape-and-radiation hypothesis. As a result, there are very few new and reliable inferences about the evolutionary success of weevils that depend precisely on the phylogenetic data presented in these studies. Improved taxon sampling alone is not the solution, because the existing mid-level classification of weevils is too deficient to permit inferences about natural lineages and their ancestral traits. We therefore recommend abandoning such a higherlevel approach in favor of more narrowly focused reconstructions of the evolutionary history of generic and tribal groupings.},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Engel, M. S}
}
@article {4642,
	title = {Scelianoma elydimorpha, a new genus and new species of entimine weevil from southwestern Puerto Rico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)},
	journal = {Neotropical Entomology},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {219-230},
	chapter = {219},
	abstract = {Scelianoma elydimorpha Franz \& Gir{\'o}n, new genus and new species, an entimine weevil endemic to southwestern Puerto Rico, is described and illustrated in detail, and assigned to the tribe Eustylini (Curculionidae: Entiminae). Scelianoma is distinguished from related taxa by the following diagnostic features: shape narrowly elongate, length/width ratio 2.8-3.5; integument with densely arranged scales; pronotum without conspicuous sculpturing; male metatibia with row of 5-7 teeth, each tooth with a spine-like seta; female metatibia lacking teeth, yet with row of long, narrowly depressed setae; metatibial corbel linear; elytral humeri absent, elytra in lateral view with dorsal outline subplane, lacking cuticular projections, posterior declivity strongly angulate, slightly convex (male) to rectate (female); and wings absent. The elytra of S. elydimorpha are sexually dimorphic, attenuating in males along the posterior 5/6 yet mostly subparallel in females, and the females furthermore have two rows of erect setae along each mesal side of the declivity. Scelianoma elydimorpha is common on the southern limestone slopes of the well-preserved Gu{\'a}nica dry forest. The immature stages and host plants are unknown.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Scelianoma.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Gir{\'o}n, J.C.}
}
@article {4643,
	title = {Ganglionus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae).},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Ganglionus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 74 ReferenceLetter:  b.},
	pages = {835-850},
	abstract = {Ganglionus, gen. nov.,is described for {\TH}ve species: G. mitigatus, sp. nov.,from Costa Rica; G. catenatus, sp. nov.,from Costa Rica and Panama; G. undulatus, sp. nov.,from Costa Rica and  Panama; G. constrictus, sp. nov.,from Ecuador; and G. spatulatus, sp. nov.,from Colombia. Ganglionus is placed in Derelomini and presents the following putative synapomorphies: male with (1) dorsally tumescent rostrum,(2) posteriorly setose sternum VIII,and (3) apically O-shaped tegmen. Ganglionus is associated with Carludovica Ru{\~o}{\textasciiacute}z \& Pavo{\textasciiacute}n (Cyclanthaceae). Observations on the biology of G. undulatus at La Selva,Costa Rica,indicate that the adults are pollinators. The females oviposit into the staminate {\ss}owers of the host in{\ss}orescences,and the larvae complete their development in the leaf litter.Acladistic analysis{\~N}using Notolomus basalis LeConte, Staminodeus vectoris Franz, and Perelleschus carludovicae (Gu{\textasciidieresis} nther) as outgroups - proposes the relationships (G. mitigatus, ((G. catenatus, G. undulatus),( G. constrictus, G. spatulatus))).},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Ganglionus.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M. and Charles W. O{\textquoteright}Brien}
}
@article {4632,
	title = {Reproductive trade-offs in a specialized plant/pollinator system involving Asplundia uncinata Harling (Cyclanthaceae) and a derelomine flower weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). },
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {269},
	number = {183-201},
	year = {2008},
	abstract = {The reproductive interactions of a specialized plant/pollinator system involving Asplundia uncinata Harling (Cyclanthaceae) and a derelomine flower weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Derelomini) were studied at La Selva, Costa Rica. The inflorescences of A. uncinata exhibit a suite of cantharophilous characters including a precisely synchronized anthesis, protogyny, thermogenesis, olfactory attraction of visitors via modified staminodes, and narrow interfloral entrances. The weevil pollinators use the inflorescences for feeding, mating, and oviposition. The larvae are detritivorous and develop either in the detaching staminate flowers or, at a more favorable rate, in the rotting infructescences. The rate of infructescence abortion was high and caused by low levels of pollination. Manual pollination treatments yielded significantly higher seed counts than obtained under natural conditions, and furthermore demonstrated the inflorescences{\textquoteright} ability to reproduce via geitonogamy. In the longer term, the reproductive benefits of maintaining low levels of pollination may shift away from the weevils and towards the plants via an increase in the size of the pollinator population.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Asplundia.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {4628,
	title = {Towards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).},
	journal = {Systematic Entomology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Towards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Systematic Entomology 31},
	pages = {220-287},
	abstract = {A revised phylogenetic classification for derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini Lacordaire) is proposed,based on a cladistic analysis of 115 outgroup and ingroup taxa and 155 primarily morphological characters. The single most-parsimonious cladogram(length {\textonequarter} 271, consistency index {\textonequarter} 65, retention index {\textonequarter} 95) indicates that several genera must be excluded from the tribe, as they lack certain modifications of the mouthparts and a primary reproductive association with the inflorescences of palms. These include Araucarietus Kuschel, Eisingius Kuschel, and Planus Kuschel, new placements (now all Trypetidini); Euryscapoides Wibmer \& O{\textquoteright}Brien, new placement (Curculioninae incertae sedis); Neopsilorhinus Bovie, new placement (Erirhinidae: Erirhinini); and Pedetinus Faust, new placement (Eugnomini). Five subtribes are recognized within Derelomini. The oldest African and South American Derelomina have a carinate rostrum and lamellate dorsal scales. Grasidius Champion (previously Erirhinini) and Terires Champion (Storeini) are placed therein, new placements. Neoderelomus Hoffmann is nested within Derelomus Schoenherr, syn.n., and its only species is therefore renamed as D. piriformis (Hoffmann), comb.n. The predominantly Asian Acalyptina are reduced from tribal status, stat.n., to now be part of Derelomini, new placement. They are defined (inter alia) by truncate elytra. They also contain Eudela Pascoe and Eudelodes Zimmermann, new placements (previously Curculioninae incertae sedis). The New World Notolomina, subtr.n., are distinguished by bifurcate maxillary lacinial teeth and other mouthpart characters. Andranthobius mariahelenae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is added to this entity. Phyllotrogina, subtr.n., are a very diverse and mostly Neotropical lineage. They have two-segmented maxillary palps, a densely pubescent prosternum, and long macrosetae along the basal fifth of the posterior wing margin. Within the subtribe there are independent transitions to host plant associations with various dicots (Phyllotrox Schoenherr), Cyclanthaceae (e.g. Perelleschus Wibmer \& O{\textquoteright}Brien and Systenotelus Anderson \& Go{\textasciiacute} mez), and Araceae (Cyclanthura Franz). Their life history traits show related changes, including losses of the ability to pollinate, and more detrimental (herbivorous, seed-predating) larval developments (e.g. Cotithene Voss). Phyllotrox tatianae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is assigned to Phyllotrogina. Hypoleschus Fall is nested within Phyllotrox, syn.n., and thereby the latter now contains P. atratus (Fall), comb.n. The Central American palm-associated Androtrox Franz, gen.n., is proposed to accommodate A. megalops (Champion) (formerly Phyllotrox), comb.n., a species with large contiguous eyes and a set of mouthpart attributes convergently present in Andranthobius Kuschel (Notolomina) and Phyllotrox. The Neotropical Staminodeina, subtr.n., with a labial prementum with two triangular projections and a large anal lobe on the wing, probably represent a young clade of weevils specialized to oviposit into the ephemeral staminodes of Cyclanthaceae inflorescences. The apparent phylogenetic sequence of the subtribes is (Derelomina ((Acalyptina, Staminodeina) (Notolomina, Phyllotrogina))), with a Juanorhinini{\textendash}Trypetidini clade as the most immediate outgroup, followed by various curculionine lineages. The revised system thus improves the taxonomy of derelomine weevils, and clarifies our understanding of their roles in the evolution of several tropical plant lineages {\textendash} palms and cyclanths in particular.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/DerelominePhylogeny.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {4629,
	title = {Pollination of Anthurium by derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).},
	journal = {International Journal of Tropical Biology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {269-277},
	edition = {31 March 2007},
	abstract = {Cyclanthura flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Derelomini) are identified for the first time as pollinators of multiple species of Anthurium (Araceae) in Costa Rica. The weevils are present on the inflorescences in small numbers during the pistillate and staminate phase of anthesis, and consume plant tissuesand pollen. The individuals of one species of Cyclanthura can visit several Anthurium species within the same locality. They also engage in reproductive activities and are likely to oviposit into the flowers. The mating strategies suggest that sperm precedence selects males that are able to secure their position as the last partner prior to oviposition.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Anthurium.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {4631,
	title = {Revision, phylogeny, and natural history of Cotithene Voss (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).},
	journal = {Zootaxa },
	volume = {1782},
	year = {Submitted},
	pages = {1-33},
	chapter = {1},
	abstract = {Cotithene Voss, a previously monotypic genus of Neotropical derelomine flower weevils (Curculionidae: Derelomini), is revised, with provision of a key to the species, cladistic analysis and notes on its natural history. The following six new species are described: C. anaphalanta (Costa Rica), C. dicranopygia (Costa Rica), C. leptorhamphis (Costa Rica, Panama), C. melanoptera (Venezuela), C. stratiotricha (Costa Rica) and C. trigaea (Costa Rica). The monophyly of Cotithene is supported by the characters of a dorsomedially expanded, carinate rostrum, ventrally angulate head, long and anteriorly directed setation on the anterior margin of the prosternum and an apicodorsally expanded aedeagus with paired sclerites in the male, and subcontiguous to separated procoxal cavities in the female. Particularly the males of several species have intriguing and allometrically scaled modifications on the head (triangular projections, long setae) and pronotum (expansion, tumescences), which possibly play a role in male-to-male conflicts. Cotithene species are specialized to visit and reproduce on a narrow range of typically closely related species of Cyclanthaceae. The adults do not function as pollinators, and the herbivorous larvae develop in the fruiting organs of their hosts, frequently triggering the abortion of infructescences. An analysis of 12 taxa (5 outgroup, 7 ingroup) and 32 morphological characters yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram (L = 38, CI = 89, RI = 93) with the topology (C. dicranopygia, (C. stratiotricha, ((C. leptorhamphis, C. trigaea), (C. globulicollis Voss, (C. anaphalanta, C. melanoptera))))). The evolution of morphological traits and host shifts is examined in light of the proposed phylogeny.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Cotithene.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {4624,
	title = {Description and phylogeny of Staminodeus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Cyclanthaceae.},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Description and phylogeny of Staminodeus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Cyclanthaceae. Coleopterists Bulletin 55},
	pages = {411-432},
	abstract = {Staminodeus, new genus, is described for seven species: S. inermis, new species, from Panama; S. curvitibialis, new species, from Colombia and Venezuela; S. denticulatus, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama; S. bispinosus, new species, from Panama; S. forcipis, new species, from Costa Rica; S. dilatatus, new species, from Panama; and S. vectoris, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama. Staminodeus is placed in Derelomini, and is characterized by the putative synapomorphies: carinate rostrum, male with prothoracic leg ventrally denticulate (excepting S. inermis) as well as median lobe internally with complex structures, and female with frontal spine. All species are hypothesized to be associated with the staminodes of the inflorescences of Cyclanthaceae. Field observations on the reproductive behavior of S. vectoris at La Selva, Costa Rica, indicate that the protibia in males is used to displace competitors, whereas the spine in females was used as a point of support while transporting the detached staminodes to ovipositionsites on the forest floor. A cladistic analysis with Notolomus basalis LeConte, Perelleschus carludovicae (Gu{\textasciidieresis}nther), and Systenotelus costaricensis Anderson \& Go{\textasciiacute}mez as outgroup taxa hypothesizes the phylogenetic relationships (S. inermis, ((S. curvitibialis, S. denticulatus), ((S. bispinosus, S. forcipis), (S. dilatatus, S. vectoris)))).},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Staminodeus.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {4625,
	title = {Systematics of Cyclanthura gen.n., a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).},
	journal = {Insect Systematics \& Evolution},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Systematics of Cyclanthura, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insect Systematics \& Evolution 34 ReferenceLetter:  b.},
	pages = {153-198},
	abstract = {Cyclanthura, gen. n., is described to accommodate the following 15 new Neotropical species of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae): C. laticola, sp. n.; C. sphaerata, sp. n.; C. cordata, sp. n.; C. dentata, sp. n.; C. pilosa, sp. n.; C. capitulata, sp. n.; C. tenuicola, sp. n.; C. carinata, sp. n.; C. uncinata, sp. n.; C. oculata, sp. n.; C. cultrata, sp. n.; C. striata, sp. n.; C. bipartita, sp. n.; C. crepidula, sp. n.; and C. palmata, sp. n. The monophyly of Cyclanthura is indicated by the putatively synapomorphic elytral elevations and impressions, the posteriorly explanate female tergum VIII, and the posteriorly emarginate female tergum IX. These and various other characteristics - e.g. transformations in the apical region of the male median lobe - distinguish Cyclanthura from Phyllotrox Sch{\"o}nherr to which its species would have been assigned until now. Particular species of Cyclanthura are considered to pollinate and reproduce on the inflorescences of Araceae (Anthurium) and Cyclanthaceae (Asplundia, Carludovica, Sphaeradenia, and Cyclanthus). Several significant host plant transitions appear to have evolved within the genus. These patterns are discussed in the light of a phylogeny of the species of Cyclanthura which is based on an analysis of 22 taxa and 32 characters.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Cyclanthura.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {4626,
	title = {Mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and  the value of systematics in behavioural studies.},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and  the value of systematics in behavioural studies. Journal of Natural History 37 ReferenceLetter:  a.},
	pages = {1727-1750},
	abstract = {The mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris Franz (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini) is described and discussed in light of a phylogeny of Staminodeus Franz. At La Selva, Costa Rica, S. vectoris is associated with the staminodes of the inflorescences of Asplundia uncinata Harling and several other species of Cyclanthaceae. The males have a row of 6{\textendash}10 teeth along the margin of the protibia, whereas the females have a small, curved spine on the frons. The adults arrive in numbers at the inflorescences during the pistillate phase of the anthesis of A. uncinata, feeding on the staminodes. Eventually, a female detaches a staminode with her mandibles, falls to the ground, and transports it to the site of oviposition in the leaf litter. First, she crawls underneath the staminode, then moves it posteriorly with her legs, and finally returns to its distal end before repeating the process. The female turns on her back and maintains her original position during the movement of the staminode, using her frontal spine as a point of resistance against the substrate. Meanwhile, a male associates with the staminode. The males fight with their prothoracic legs, executing fast blows until their protibial teeth cling and dislodge competitors from the staminode. The positive and negative allometries of the lengths of the male protibia and female spine, are consistent with their functions in the contexts of sexual and natural selection, respectively. The phylogeny of all seven species of Staminodeus hypothesises that female transporting behaviour evolved before male fighting behaviour.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/StaminodeusMating.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {4627,
	title = {Analyzing the history of the derelomine flower weevil-Carludovica association (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Cyclanthaceae).},
	journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Analyzing the history of the derelomine flower weevil-Carludovica association (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Cyclanthaceae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 81},
	pages = {483-517},
	abstract = {The evolutionary history of the interaction among species of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Derelomini) and the Panama-hat palm Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae) is analysed with emphasis on the congruence of (1) topologies and (2) character state transformations in each of the Neotropical clades. For this purpose cladistic analyses are complemented with host plant records, natural history information and selected morphological studies of the associated taxa. The interaction is specialized, involving pollination, oviposition into the inflorescences and the predation of seeds (particularly within Systenotelus). As results from a range of standard coevolutionary methods of analysis indicate, however, events of colonization, extinction and independent (non-reciprocal) speciation have been abundant throughout the history of the association. At the same time it is possible to specify the homology and succession of characters among species of derelomines and Carludovica and interpret them as reciprocal adaptations to attack and protect the seeds, respectively. It is argued that {\textendash} in light of the limited evolutionary stability of many insect{\textendash}plant interactions {\textendash} the question of coevolution is most effectively addressed by combining information from the character- and topology-based approaches.},
	url = {http://academic.uprm.edu/\%7Efranz/publications/Coevolution.pdf},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
@article {1787,
	title = {Revision, phylogeny, and natural history of Cotithene Voss (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).},
	journal = {Zootaxa },
	volume = {1782},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1-33},
	chapter = {1},
	author = {Franz, N. M.}
}
