@article {13993,
	title = {Evaluation of partial sterility in mating performance and reproduction of the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {136},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {45-52},
	abstract = {The sterile insect technique (SIT) is based on population and behavioral ecology and is widely used to suppress or eradicate target pest insect populations. The effectiveness of SIT depends on the ability of the released sterile males to mate with and inseminate wild females. The use of gamma-radiation to induce sterility is, however, associated with negative impacts not only on reproductive cells but also on somatic cells. Consequently, irradiation for sterilization diminishes mating performance over time. In this study, we evaluated the balance between the irradiation dose and both fertility and mating propensity in Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for 22 days following irradiation. The mating propensity of males irradiated with a 150-Gy dose, as currently used to induce complete sterility of E. postfasciatus in the SIT program in Okinawa Prefecture, was equal to that of non-irradiated weevils for up to 6 days, and the mating propensity of males irradiated with a dose of 125 Gy was equal to that of non-irradiated weevils for twice this period (12 days). The fertilization ability of weevils irradiated with a dose of 125 Gy was reduced by 4.6\% in males and 0.6\% in females, compared to the potential fertilization ability. We also discuss the possibility of the application of partially sterilized insects in eradication programs.},
	keywords = {Euscepes postfasciatus},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Kumano, Norikuni and Kuriwada, Takashi and Shiromoto, Keiko and Haraguchi, Dai and Kohama, Tsuguo}
}
@article {13994,
	title = {Effect of body size and sex ratio on male alternative mating tactics of the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {135},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	month = {May},
	pages = {154-161},
	abstract = {Male body size is considered to be one of the major determinants of mating success among many insect species. Because the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique (SIT) depends on the ability of released sterile males to mate with and inseminate wild females, it is indispensable to understand the effect of male body size on the mating behavior of both sexes for the progress of the SIT program. We investigated how male body size and the presence of other rival males affect the guarding and copulatory durations of the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In this species, males guard females before and after copulation. By observing the mating behavior under two sex-ratio conditions (male-to-female ratios of 1:1 and 2:1), we found that small males hastened to court females when rival males were present, but the females rejected these small males as mates. Therefore, we consider that female weevils adopt a counter-adaptation for mate preference in response to this male mating strategy. Body size did not affect the durations of copulation and post-copulatory guarding. Although we found a conditional mating strategy for body size in E. postfasciatus, it is unlikely to have a large influence on the weevil-eradication program using SIT.},
	keywords = {Euscepes postfasciatus},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Kumano, Norikuni and Kuriwada, Takashi and Shiromoto, Keiko and Haraguchi, Dai and Kohama, Tsuguo}
}
@article {13990,
	title = {Irradiation does not affect field dispersal ability in the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {130},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {January},
	pages = {63-72},
	abstract = {The effect of irradiation on the dispersal ability of males and females of the flightless West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major sweet potato pest, was examined in the field using mark-release-recapture techniques. To evaluate the dispersal ability of the weevil, we released 7 619 weevils in two replicates (July and August 2007). Each replicate lasted 5 days from release to sampling and consisted of one weevil release and two weevil samplings. Thirty-two traps were placed in lines corresponding to eight compass directions and in four distance classes (8, 12, 16, and 20 m) in each replicate. We captured 709 (9.3\%) weevils in the two replicates. Weevils dispersed at least 20 m from the release point in 2 days, regardless of sex or irradiation. Dispersal was strongly affected by wind direction, and in both replicates most weevils were recaptured in upwind directions. The mean dispersal distance for non-irradiated weevils was about 11 m per 2 days. Although there were some differences between sexes in recapture rate and dispersal distance, there was no consistent difference between irradiated and non-irradiated weevils in dispersal distance. We conclude that irradiation does not affect the dispersal ability of flightless E. postfasciatus in the field.},
	keywords = {Euscepes postfasciatus},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Kumano, Norikuni and Kawamura, Futoshi and Haraguchi, Dai and Kohama, Tsuguo}
}
@article {13988,
	title = {Female mating status does not affect male mating behavior in the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {131},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {April},
	pages = {39-45},
	abstract = {Because multiple mating by females encourages sperm competition, the assessment of female mating status before insemination is important for males in order to avoid the risk of sperm competition or to intensify sperm competition. When interacting with females before sperm transfer, males can alter their mating tactics according to the risk or intensity of sperm competition. Information on how mating systems are associated with sperm competition is essential for sterile insect technique eradication programs, which depend on successful mating of released sterile males with wild females. We tested whether males of the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), adjusted their mating behavior in response to female mating experience and/or age. As virgin/young female weevils accepted males more easily than non-virgin/old females, assessing females before insemination can be adaptive for male weevils. We found that E. postfasciatus males were unable to adjust their mating tactics in response to female mating status. Although this mating strategy would be costly for individual male weevils, the ability in males to discriminate female mating status can prevent the chance of mating with already-mated females containing the sperm of wild male(s). Therefore, the mating tactics of male E. postfasciatus are advantageous for sterile insect technique eradication programs.},
	keywords = {Euscepes postfasciatus},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Kumano, Norikuni and Haraguchi, Dai and Kohama, Tsuguo}
}
@article {13076,
	title = {Development of an improved laboratory production technique for the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei, using fresh coffee berries},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {130},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	month = {March},
	pages = {275-281},
	abstract = {The suitability of a mixture of plaster of Paris and charcoal as a means to regulate the moisture content of coffee berries and the relative humidity (moisture conditions) of the rearing environment and its impact on rearing the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was evaluated under laboratory conditions using two types of coffee. Coffee berries were kept individually in vials with a 1-cm layer of the mixture, and the fresh weight of the berries was assessed, as well as the penetration of CBB into the berries, its survival, and its progeny production over a period of 55 days. Significantly higher survival and progeny production was achieved when using the mixture regardless of the coffee type. Compared to the vials without plaster of Paris/charcoal, a six- to sevenfold increase in survivorship of the F1 was recorded when using plaster of Paris/charcoal and in the latter treatment berries harboured on average more than 100 individuals, whereas only 1.7 in the vials without plaster of Paris.},
	keywords = {Hypothenemus hampei},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Jaramillo, Juliana and Chabi-Olaye, Adenirin and Poehling, Hans-Michael and Kamonjo, Charles and Borgemeister, Christian}
}
@article {11064,
	title = {Mating disruption of the ambrosia beetle Megaplatypus mutatus in poplar and hazelnut plantations using reservoir systems for pheromones},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {139},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {226-234},
	abstract = {Megaplatypus mutatus (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae) is an ambrosia beetle native to South America, but it has recently been introduced into Italy and represents a serious problem in commercial poplar and fruit tree plantations. Male M. mutatus emit a sex pheromone composed of (+)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol ((+)-sulcatol), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone), and 3-pentanol. We performed three field trials of mating disruption of M. mutatus in hazelnut and poplar plantations in Argentina and Italy. To perform these tests, we made plastic pheromone reservoir-type dispensers for sulcatol, sulcatone, and 3-pentanol with zero-order kinetics that were deployed in the field during the female flight period. The number of galleries where mating took place was significantly higher in control than in treated areas, indicating that pheromone application had interfered with female behavior and male localization. Because damage reduction was >56\% in both countries, these results demonstrate the potential for the strategy of pheromone-mediated mating disruption of M. mutatus in commercial poplar and hazelnut plantations. Also, our study provides the first evidence for successful pheromone-mediated mating disruption in a forest beetle.},
	keywords = {Megaplatypus mutatus},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Funes, Hernan and Griffo, Raffaele and Zerba, Eduardo and Gonzalez-Audino, Paola}
}
@article {11025,
	title = {Elevated ozone modifies the feeding behaviour of the common leaf weevil on hybrid aspen through shifts in developmental, chemical, and structural properties of leaves},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {128},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	month = {July},
	pages = {66-72},
	type = {Article; Meeting paper},
	abstract = {In this study, we tested the impact of moderately elevated ozone (O3) - 1.5 x ambient, equivalent to predicted near-future ozone concentrations - on the feeding behaviour of the common leaf weevil Phyllobius pyri L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on two hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides (Salicaceae)) clones (clones 55 and 110) differing in ozone sensitivity using the open-air ozone exposure site in Kuopio, Finland. Three host-selection tests (test between treatments, test between clones, and test between treatments clones) with common leaf weevil females were carried out in the laboratory in the 2nd year of ozone exposure. The beetles were offered two (four for the tests between treatments and clones) freshly cut leaf discs from first flush leaves. After 24 h, the beetles were removed and the leaf disc area consumed was measured. In the field, the unfolding of the buds was followed and samples were taken for anatomical and chemical (salicylates, condensed tannins, nitrogen, and water content) leaf analyses. Phyllobius pyri significantly preferred leaves from clone 55 to those from clone 110 in the ambient air treatment, whereas this preference was less evident under elevated ozone. Leaves from ozone-exposed trees were significantly preferred to leaves grown in ambient air. Our results suggest that the preference of clone 55 and of ozone-exposed leaves can be explained by phenotypic properties of the plant and prevailing ozone concentration through shifts in leaf development process, phenolic composition, and leaf thickness.},
	keywords = {Phyllobius pyri},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Freiwald, V. and Haikio, E. and Julkunen-Tiitto, R. and Holopainen, J. K. and Oksanen, E.}
}
@article {10906,
	title = {Breeding performance of Tomicus destruens at different densities: the effect of intraspecific competition},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {132},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {August},
	pages = {191-199},
	abstract = {In many bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), intraspecific competition is a limiting factor governing their population dynamics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing infestation densities on the breeding performance of Tomicus destruens (Wollaston), one of the main pests of Mediterranean pine forests. Six densities (ranging from 0.25 to 1.50 females dm-2) were tested under laboratory conditions on stone pine logs, assessing the mortality of eggs, larvae, and pupae, and recording the number of emerging adults. Density significantly affected the fertile tract of the maternal galleries, i.e., those containing eggs, which was shorter at densities higher than 0.75. Numbers of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults per female decreased markedly when density increased from 0.25 to 1.5, although differences were statistically significant only at a density of 0.75 and higher. The lowest mortality was found in larvae reared at a density of 0.25 (17.7\%) and the highest in pupae at 1.5 (84.8\%). Increasing density affected the pre-emergence stages in different ways, with pupae and larvae suffering the highest increases in mortality (39.5 and 163.6\%, respectively). The breeding performance of T. destruens (number of eggs laid reaching adulthood) progressively decreased from 17 to 4\% with increasing densities, although at low infestation, the mean number of emerging adults per dm2 of bark increased with density, showing a positive trade-off between female fecundity and female density. In conclusion, breeding densities higher than 0.75 female dm-2 decreased female fecundity and elicited high mortality, mainly in larvae.},
	keywords = {Tomicus destruens},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Faccoli, M.}
}
@article {10905,
	title = {Breeding performance and longevity of Tomicus destruens on Mediterranean and continental pine species},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {123},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {June},
	pages = {263-269},
	abstract = {The pine shoot beetle Tomicus destruens (Wollaston) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is one of the main pests of Mediterranean forests, where it is oligophagous on Mediterranean pines. However, possible global warming may make the insect move to higher latitudes and altitudes, allowing it to attack new pine species. In this respect, the aim of the present article was to assess both the acceptance and performance of T destruens offered host and non-host pine species. A no-choice breeding experiment was set up under laboratory conditions, using logs of three Mediterranean (Pinus pinea L., Pinus pinaster Miller, and Pinus halepensis Aiton) and two continental (Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus sylvcstris L.) pine species. Log debarking at the end of adult emergence assessed parent fecundity egg, and larval mortality. The quality of callow adults emerging from each tested pine was evaluated on the basis of their longevity on a semiartificial diet. Tomicus destruens colonised all tested pine species, but did not reproduce in Scots pine, taking about 79 days to complete development with no differences among pines tested. The best breeding performance, evaluated as female fecundity and adult production, was observed in R halepensis, and the lowest in P. pinaster. On average, adults emerging from P. pinea survived longer (83 days) than from other pines, and adult longevity was the lowest in males emerging from R nigra. Austrian pine, which under natural conditions is usually not a host of T. destruens, allowed insect development and adult production similar to P. pinea and P. pinaster.},
	keywords = {Tomicus destruens},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Faccoli, Massimo}
}
@article {10825,
	title = {Cordeauxia edulis and Rhododendron tomentosum extracts disturb orientation and feeding behavior of Hylobius abietis and Phyllodecta laticollis},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {138},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {162-174},
	abstract = {The use of plant-based compounds to control insect pests is an alternative to the use of synthetic pesticides. We evaluated the repellent and antifeedant effects of Cordeauxia edulis Hemsley (Fabaceae) and Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja (Ericaceae) extracts against Hylobius abietis L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Phyllodecta laticollis Suffrian (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Repellent properties were evaluated by monitoring responses of adult insects toward the odor from extracts or extraction solvents (controls) in a Y-tube olfactometer, and choice or no-choice feeding tests were conducted by applying extracts or extraction solvents on stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae)) and European aspen (Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae)), host plants of H. abietis and P. laticollis, respectively. Extracts of R. tomentosum repelled adults of both insect species effectively. However, extracts of C. edulis did not repel H. abietis although its ethyl acetate extract showed repellence against the adults of P. laticollis. Feeding by H. abietis was significantly reduced by a methanol extract of C. edulis, and methanol and hexane extracts of R. tomentosum. Feeding by the adults and larvae of P. laticollis was significantly reduced by extracts from both plant species. Concomitant with less feeding, larval growth was retarded by ethyl acetate extracts of both plant species. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the volatile components of the extracts showed that extracts from both plant species were mixtures of various terpene and non-terpene compounds, which showed quantitative and/or qualitative variations between plant species and extraction solvents. This experiment showed that extracts from both plant species effectively manipulated the orientation and/or feeding behavior of the two beetle species. Hence, they may be considered as potential alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides.},
	keywords = {Hylobius abietis},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Egigu, Meseret C. and Ibrahim, Mohamed A. and Yahya, Asha and Holopainen, Jarmo K.}
}
@article {10539,
	title = {Prior host feeding experience influences ovipositional but not feeding preference in a polyphagous insect herbivore},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {138},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {137-145},
	abstract = {Black vine weevils, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are globally-distributed polyphagous pests of many horticultural crops. We investigated how adult weevils were affected by host switching and, in particular, how host plant species nutritional and defensive chemistry affected subsequent host plant species selection and oviposition. Adults were fed one of three host plant species, blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L. (Grossulariaceae)), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae)), or strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne (Rosaceae)), throughout their pre-reproductive periods and then subjected to behavioral choice assays with these plants. Foliar chemistry differed significantly among the three host plant species. Compared to raspberry and strawberry foliage, blackcurrant foliage was 13\% lower in nitrogen, 3\% higher in carbon, and 28\% higher in phenolic compounds. Initial host plant species had a significant effect on weevil mortality, with more weevils dying when previously fed blackcurrant (12\%) than strawberry (3\%) or raspberry (0\%) regardless of subsequent host. Initial host plant species also affected oviposition, with weevils laying only ca. two eggs per week when previously fed blackcurrant, compared to those on raspberry or strawberry (ca. 11 and 15 eggs per week, respectively). When given a choice, weevils discriminated among host plant species and tended to oviposit on plants on which they had previously fed, even when the plant was nutritionally inferior for egg production and adult survival. In contrast, feeding behavior was only affected by the current host plant species. Feeding and oviposition were related to leaf chemistry only in blackcurrant, as leaf consumption was negatively correlated with foliar carbon and zinc concentrations, and positively correlated with foliar phosphorus and potassium concentrations.},
	keywords = {Otiorhynchus sulcatus},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Coyle, David R. and Clark, Katherine E. and Raffa, Kenneth F. and Johnson, Scott N.}
}
@article {10537,
	title = {Altered GAI activity of hybrid aspen has minimal effects on the performance of a polyphagous weevil, Polydrusus sericeus},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {138},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {104-109},
	abstract = {Genetically modified plants can have unintended effects on herbivores, even when the transgene is not explicitly devised for pest protection. These effects may lead to altered ecological relationships in areas where transgenic plants are deployed. We tested several genetically-modified hybrid aspen clone INRA 717-IB4 (Populus tremula L. xP. alba L. (Salicaceae)) lines expressing transgenic constructs with altered gibberellic acid expression for their effects on a polyphagous insect, Polydrusus sericeus (Schaller) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Longevity, egg production, and leaf consumption were measured in laboratory assays. Only male longevity was negatively affected by foliage from genetically modified trees, and in no case was oviposition or leaf consumption significantly altered. The importance of males in population dynamics varies among species, but we do not have evidence it is a major driver in this system. Contrary to our hypothesis of increased performance on modified foliage, adult P. sericeus were rarely affected by GM foliage, suggesting that not all genetic modifications that alter secondary metabolism in plants will necessarily have a strong effect on specific insect-plant relations, supporting the view that evaluations continue to require case by case analysis.},
	keywords = {Polydrusus sericeus},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Coyle, David R. and Allred, Angela M. and Kosola, Kevin R. and Raffa, Kenneth F.}
}
@article {9853,
	title = {Survey and phylogenetic analysis of culturable microbes in the oral secretions of three bark beetle species},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {131},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {May},
	pages = {138-147},
	abstract = {In a recent study, we reported a previously undescribed behavior in which a bark beetle exuded oral secretions containing bacteria that have antifungal properties, and hence defend their galleries against pervasive antagonistic Hyphomycete fungi. Actinobacteria, a group known for their antibiotic properties, were the most effective against fungi that invade the spruce beetle galleries. In the present study, we describe the isolation and identification of microorganisms from oral secretions of three bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and the pine engraver, Ips pini Say. Bacteria isolated from these three species span the major bacterial classes [alpha]-, [beta]-, and [gamma]-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, except for D. ponderosae, which yielded no [alpha]-proteobacteria or Bacteroidetes isolates. Spruce beetles and pine engraver beetles had similar numbers of [alpha]-proteobacteria isolates, but pine engravers yielded twice as many Bacteroidetes isolates as spruce beetles. In contrast, mountain pine beetles yielded more isolates in the [beta]- and [gamma]-proteobacteria than spruce beetles and pine engravers. The highest percentage of Actinobacteria was obtained from spruce beetles, followed by pine engravers and mountain pine beetles. All of the fungal isolates obtained from the three beetle species were Ascomycetes. The greatest fungal diversity was obtained in spruce beetles, which had nine species, followed by pine engravers with five, and mountain pine beetles with one.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus rufipennis, Ips pini},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Cardoza, Yasmin J. and Vasanthakumar, Archana and Suazo, Alonso and Raffa, Kenneth F.}
}
@article {9850,
	title = {Cold hardiness and overwintering survival of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {133},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	month = {December},
	pages = {223-231},
	abstract = {The cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a serious pest of brassicaceous crops in temperate regions and a chronic member of the pest complex that attacks canola in Canada. We conducted several laboratory and field experiments to quantify winter survival and its role in the population dynamics of this insect. We estimated the supercooling point of the weevil at -7 [degree]C and its survival over 8 weeks decreased significantly at -5 [degree]C relative to 5 [degree]C, but extending the overwintering period at 5 [degree]C to 18.5 weeks had no effect on mortality. Cumulative sub-freezing degrees estimated from air temperature, and especially from soil temperature, were highly correlated with weevil survival. Our linear regression model predicted poor survival of the weevils in typical winters in northern Alberta. Our results indicate that if milder winters prevail, as predicted by global warming, there is potential for the weevils to establish and become a serious pest in northern canola-growing regions of Canada.},
	keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Carcamo, Hector A. and Herle, Carolyn E. and Otani, Jennifer and McGinn, Sean M.}
}
@article {9209,
	title = {Developing a method for laboratory biosafety testing impacts of transgenic plants on non-target insects},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {128},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {September},
	pages = {437-449},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A series of laboratory experiments was carried out with the main objective of contributing to the development of biosafety testing methods for transgenic plants or plants produced by other novel technologies. The adult stage of a New Zealand native weevil, Nicaeana cervina (Broun) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), was used as a test insect as this has become well-adapted to introduced pasture species, feeding on both ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. (Poaceae)) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. (Fabaceae)). Ryegrass plants used in experiments were infected with strains of the symbiotic endophytic fungi Neotyphodium lolii (Latch, M.J. Chr. \& Samuels) and Epichloe festucae Leuchtm., Schardl \& M.R. Siegel and included a transgenic endophyte, which was modified to eliminate production of the insect deterrent, peramine. Nicaeana cervina was exposed to these endophyte-infected plants along with endophyte-free ryegrass. Weevils were also exposed to white clover with high or low levels of cyanogens, and to white clover selections bred conventionally to contain high or low levels of crude protein. These bioassays were carried out sometimes over a series of time intervals, and weevil survival, feeding, and reproductive performance variables were measured. Nicaeana cervina survival was generally high, although feeding and oviposition were variable between experiments despite high replication in some cases. A summary of significant differences obtained across all experiments suggested that data on the proportion of weevils feeding and amounts of leaf material consumed were more often significantly different than treatment effects on survival or reproductive performance. A positive relationship between the proportion of weevils feeding and those ovipositing was found, suggesting that a 50\% reduction in feeding would result in a 28\% reduction in the proportion of weevils ovipositing. Power analysis using the range of values recorded for the variables measured indicated that for proportions of weevils surviving, feeding, or fecund, about 35-42 replicates would be required for a 40\% difference in values. For measures of leaf consumption and numbers of eggs per female, fewer replicates were required for 95\% power when these values were at the higher end of the range than when they were at the lower end of the observed range. The usefulness of the case study test insect and risk assessment protocols used for biosafety testing are discussed.},
	keywords = {Nicaeana cervina},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Barratt, B. I. P. and Crook, K. E. and Ferguson, C. M. and Johnstone, P. D. and Malone, L. A.}
}
@article {9193,
	title = {Plant phenology and seed predation: interactions between gorses and weevils in Brittany (France)},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {124},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {August},
	pages = {167-176},
	abstract = {Exapion ulicis (Forster) and Exapion lemovicinum (Hoffmann) (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Apionidae) are seed predators of the three gorse species occurring in Brittany (France): Ulex europaeus L., Ulex gallii Planch., and Ulex minor Roth. (Fabaceae). Host-plant phenology plays a major role in the relationship between apionid weevils and their gorse species, because larvae develop within gorse pods and adults have to wait for pod dehiscence to be released. We monitored flowering and fruiting phenology of gorse species, weevil reproductive behaviour, and egg-laying patterns in six natural populations in the native area of these gorse species. At each site, U. europacus, which flowers mainly in spring, was sympatric with one of two autumn flowering gorse species, U. gallii and U. minor. We noticed that E. ulicis laid eggs in spring and was restricted to U. europaeus whereas E. lemovicinum laid eggs in autumn and was restricted to the two autumn-flowering species U. gallii and U. minor. Therefore, host specificity depended on gorse phenology, and not on geographic proximity. In addition, the infested pod content showed that E. ulicis laid several eggs per pod and suggested that females chose pods with the highest numbers of seeds. In contrast, E. lemovicinum laid a single egg per pod and showed no preference for pods with many seeds. Finally, the impact of seed predation by E. ulicis was higher than that of E. lemovicinum.},
	keywords = {Exapion lemovicinum, Exapion ulicis},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Barat, Myriam and Tarayre, Michele and Atlan, Anne}
}
@article {9055,
	title = {Testing ant predation on the coffee berry borer in shaded and sun coffee plantations in Colombia},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {124},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {September},
	pages = {261-267},
	abstract = {Soil-dwelling ants, many of which are generalist predators, are more diverse in shaded than in sun coffee plantations without trees. We compared ant predation on the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in three shaded and three sun coffee plantations in Apia, Colombia, in both the wet and the dry seasons. We found that H. hampei adults exposed to ants for 5 days suffered higher removal in shaded plantations and in the wet season. In the laboratory, we observed that ants killed 74-99\% of H. hampei adults over the course of 5 days. Ants appear to be important predators of H. hampei, particularly in shaded coffee plantations and in the wet season.},
	keywords = {Hypothenemus hampei},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Armbrecht, Inge and Gallego, Maria Cristina}
}
@article {8906,
	title = {Attraction of pepper weevil to volatiles from damaged pepper plants},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {138},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1-11},
	abstract = {Pioneer herbivorous insects may find their host plants through a combination of visual and constitutive host-plant volatile cues, but once a site has been colonized, feeding damage changes the quantity and quality of plant volatiles released, potentially altering the behavior of conspecifics who detect them. Previous work on the pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), demonstrated that this insect can detect and orient to constitutive host plant volatiles released from pepper (Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae)). Here we investigated the response of the weevil to whole plants and headspace collections of plants damaged by conspecifics. Mated weevils preferred damaged flowering as well as damaged fruiting plants over undamaged plants in a Y-tube olfactometer. They also preferred volatiles from flowering and fruiting plants with actively feeding weevils over plants with old feeding damage. Both sexes preferred volatiles from fruiting plants with actively feeding weevils over flowering plants with actively feeding weevils. Females preferred plants with 48 h of prior feeding damage over plants subjected to weevil feeding for only 1 h, whereas males showed no preference. When attraction to male- and female-inflicted feeding damage was compared in the Y-tube, males and females showed no significant preference. Wind tunnel plant assays and four-choice olfactometer assays using headspace volatiles confirmed the attraction of weevils to active feeding damage on fruiting plants. In a final four-choice olfactometer assay using headspace collections, we tested the attraction of mated males and virgin and mated females to male and female feeding damage. In these headspace volatile assays, mated females again showed no preference for male feeding; however, virgin females and males preferred the headspace volatiles of plants fed on by males, which contained the male aggregation pheromone in addition to plant volatiles. The potential for using plant volatile lures to improve pepper weevil monitoring and management is discussed.},
	keywords = {Anthonomus eugenii},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Addesso, Karla M. and McAuslane, Heather J. and Alborn, Hans T.}
}
@article {8907,
	title = {Host-marking by female pepper weevils, Anthonomus eugenii},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {125},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {December},
	pages = {269-276},
	abstract = {Pepper weevils, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), feed and oviposit in flower buds and small fruits of plants in the genus Capsicum, as well as several species of Solanum (Solanaceae). Females chew a small hole into the fruit, deposit a single egg within the cavity, and seal the hole with a clear anal secretion that hardens into an {\textquoteright}oviposition plug{\textquoteright}. Female oviposition behavior was studied in a series of small-arena bioassays to determine whether previous oviposition in Jalapeno pepper fruit deterred subsequent oviposition and to determine what specific cues from an infested fruit influence female behavior. In choice and no-choice tests, females preferred clean fruit to fruit that had received four eggs 24 h previously (i.e., infested fruit), whether the fruit was infested with conspecific eggs or their own eggs. Further bioassays demonstrated that the presence of female frass, or oviposition plugs alone, in the absence of eggs or any fruit damage, was sufficient to deter oviposition. In addition, females given the choice between an infested fruit with the oviposition plug removed or an unaltered infested fruit preferred the fruit with no plugs, even when eggs, frass, and feeding damage were still present. To determine whether females would avoid infested peppers under more natural conditions, we quantified oviposition on infested and uninfested sentinel pepper fruit within individually caged plants and on clean and infested plants caged together. Females consistently laid more eggs on clean fruit than on infested fruits and moved within and among pepper plants to search for more acceptable oviposition sites. We conclude that oviposition plugs, along with contaminated female, but not male, frass contain a deterrent that, in the absence of any other cue, is enough to alert a female that a patch is occupied.},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Addesso, K. M. and McAuslane, H. J. and Stansly, P. A. and Schuster, D. J.}
}
@article {8464,
	title = {Serratia marcescens as a rapid indicator of Microctonus hyperodae oviposition activity in Listronotus maculicollis and potential application of the technique to host-specificity testing},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {95},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	month = {May},
	pages = {193-200},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Listronotus maculicollis (Dietz) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a potential novel host of the braconid parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan, but initial studies have shown that levels of parasitism are lower than in the natural host L. bonariensis (Kuschel). A novel bacterial indicator test was used to determine whether the lower level of parasitism was due to behavioural factors, lack of oviposition, or host resistance. The incidence of ovipositor penetration by the parasitoid M. hyperodae into adult L. maculicollis was measured by immersing the ovipositor of the parasitoid in the facultative pathogen, Serratia marcescens Bizio. Adult weevils were then exposed to parasitoids for up to 72 h and rapid mortality used as an indicator of oviposition penetration. Survival was assessed after six days and surviving weevils were dissected and examined for parasitoid larvae. Mortality among L. maculicolis exposed to parasitoids treated with S. marcescens was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the controls but significantly lower (P<0.001) than in the natural host, L. bonariensis. Dissection of weevils exposed to uncontaminated parasitoids revealed that parasitism in L. maculicolis was significantly (P<0.001) less than parasitism in L. bonariensis. Serratia marcescens-induced mortality plus parasitism of surviving weevils in the parasitoid plus bacteria treatments produced a similar overall effect. Application of bacteria to the parasitoid ovipositor provided a rapid, simple test for ovipositor penetration, which shows potential for separation of behavioural and physiological defence mechanisms in parasitoid/host range studies.},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {McNeill, Mark R. and Vittum, Patricia J. and Jackson, Trevor A.}
}
@article {7407,
	title = {Aggregation pheromone of the agave weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {127},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Times Cited: 0},
	pages = {207-217},
	abstract = {The agave weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most important insect pest of wild and cultivated agaves in the world. Combined gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAD) analysis of male volatile extracts showed that four peaks elicited antennal responses from males and females. The peaks were identified by GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as 2-methyl-4-heptanol (1), 2-methyl-4-octanol (2), 2-methyl-4-heptanone (3), and 2-methyl-4-octanone (4). Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings of both sexes to 0.01-, 0.1-, 1-, and 10-mu g stimulus load of synthetic compounds showed that the dose of the tested compounds and weevil sex significantly influenced the antennal response of S. acupunctatus. However, there was no sexual dimorphism in the antennal responses to the four synthetic compounds evaluated because the EAG profiles revealed no interaction between doses by sex. Antennae of S. acupunctatus were most sensitive to compounds 2 and 4, reaching the threshold at a 0.01-mu g stimulus load. Weevil antennae were less sensitive to compounds 1 and 3, and the threshold response to these compounds was 0.1 mu g. Behavioural evaluation of the synthetic compounds showed them to be attractive to both males and females in a Y-tube olfactometer. Field experiments confirmed the laboratory results, showing that all components, singly or in blends, were attractive to the weevils. In general, traps baited with the quaternary blend of compounds 1-4 captured significantly more weevils than traps baited with males. However, compounds 3 and 4 were sufficient to obtain captures equivalent to those by the quaternary blend. The potential use of the aggregation pheromone in the development of a mass-trapping programme as a viable pest management alternative for S. acupunctatus is discussed.},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Ruiz-Montiel, C. and Garcia-Coapio, G. and Rojas, J. C. and Malo, E. A. and Cruz-Lopez, L. and del Real, I. and Gonz{\'a}lez-Hern{\'a}ndez, H.}
}
@article {2997,
	title = {Flight behavior of pre- and postdiapause apple blossom weevils in relation to ambient temperature.},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata},
	volume = {88},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Flight behavior of pre- and postdiapause apple blossom weevils in relation to ambient temperature. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 88},
	pages = {97-99},
	author = {Duan, J.J. and Weber, D.C. and Dorn, S.}
}
@article {2998,
	title = {Spring behavioral patterns of the apple blossom weevil.},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata},
	volume = {79},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Spring behavioral patterns of the apple blossom weevil. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 79},
	pages = {9-17},
	author = {Duan, J.J. and Weber, D.C. and Hirs, B. and Dorn, S.}
}
@article {2959,
	title = {Overwintering of annual bluegrass weevils, Listronotus maculicollis, in the golf course landscape},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata},
	volume = {125},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Zoor14404020433},
	month = {December},
	pages = {259-268},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis (Dietz) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), adults overwinter in protected areas but their life cycle is completed on highly maintained turfgrass. To better target control tactics on affected golf courses, we need to understand the relationship between overwintering and developmental habitats. Our objectives were to identify factors that influence overwintering site selection and to gather evidence of directional movement. Surveys of natural field populations were conducted in early spring over 2 years to test how abundance of overwintered adults depends on microhabitat (surface composition) and distance from the developmental habitat. The influence of microhabitat on overwintering preference and success was further tested in a multiple-choice and no-choice field experiment by relocating overwintering weevils into experimental arenas where four microhabitats were presented together or singly. The timing and direction of dispersal by walking adults was assessed using paired linear pitfall traps. Results showed that adults could overwinter up to 60 m from the fairway and 10 m into the woods. They were most abundant near the tree line; none were detected within 5 m of the fairway. Microhabitat had a significant effect on abundance in 1 year, being highest in mixed tree litter followed by moss, high-cut grass, and pine litter. Under multiple-choice conditions, high-cut grass was preferred over low-cut grass and leaf litter, followed by pine litter. Pitfall trap captures showed a peak of activity in the spring, and at one site this was directional toward the fairway. There was no directionality or increase in activity in the fall. Based on these results, a new conceptual model of flux between habitats is proposed based on orientation of flying adults to defined tree lines. Defining this behavior will strengthen our ability to target control tactics in space and time against this major turf pest.},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	author = {Diaz, Maria Derval C. and Peck, Daniel C.}
}
