@article {10760,
	title = {Contributions to the life history, host range, and distribution of Necremnus tidius (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {100},
	number = {6},
	year = {2007},
	month = {November},
	pages = {861-868},
	abstract = {Field and laboratory studies investigated the preimaginal developmental time, adult emergence phenology, mating behavior, and weevil hosts of Necremnus tidius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a solitary ectoparasitoid of coleopteran larvae. In addition, changes in parasitism levels of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), by N. tidius were determined during 2003-2005 in commercial fields of canola (Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L.) in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada. Mean [plus or minus] SE developmental time from egg to adult was 18.3 [plus or minus] 0.23d for specimens reared at 21[degree]C and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L: D) h. Emergence began in late July in commercial fields near Lethbridge, AB, and 20 d later 81\% of the population bad emerged. Emergence was completed by the end of August. Mating was preceded by a complex courtship behavior with the male standing on the dorsum of the mesosoma and gaster of the female, flapping its wings without flight, leaning forward and stroking its antennae over the antennae of the female, leaning back, and repeating the sequence several times. The native weevil Ceutorhynchus neglectus Blatchley was determined to be an alternate host of N. tidius in central and northern Alberta. N. tidius was found in few commercial canola fields in 2003, but in 2004, it occurred over hundreds of thousands of hectares of canola cropland, reaching peak parasitism levels of 45\%. In 2005, N. tidius was still common, but parasitism declined relative to that observed in 2004.},
	keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus},
	isbn = {0013-8746},
	author = {Dosdall, L.M. and Gibson, G. A. P. and Olfert, O. and Keddie, B. A. and Ulmer, B. J.}
}
@article {9232,
	title = {A review of the species of Mesopolobus (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) associated with Ceutorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) host-species of European origin},
	journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research},
	volume = {97},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	month = {August},
	pages = {387-397},
	abstract = {Four species of Mesopolobus Westwood were reared as parasitoids of Ceutorhynchinae hosts in Europe during surveys in 2000-2004. An illustrated key is given to differentiate the four species, M. gemellus Baur \& Muller sp. n., M. incultus (Walker), M. morys (Walker) and M. trasullus (Walker), plus M. moryoides Gibson, a parasitoid of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), in North America. Pteromalus clavicornis Walker is recognized as a junior synonym of M. incultus syn. n., and Pteromalus berecynthos Walker (also a junior synonym of M. incultus) is considered a correct original spelling. For Disema pallipes Forster (a junior synonym of Mesopolobus morys), a lectotype is designated. Mesopolobus morys is for the first time accurately associated with the seed weevil Ceutorhynchus turbatus (Schultze), a potential agent for classical biological control, of hoary cress, Lepidium draba L. (Brassicaceae), in North America. Mesopolobus gemellus is associated with another seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus typhae (= C.floralis) (Herbst), in pods of shepherd{\textquoteright}s purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae). Implications of the host-parasitoid associations are discussed relative to the introduction of species to North America for classical biological control of the cabbage seedpod weevil.},
	keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus},
	isbn = {0007-4853},
	author = {Baur, H. and Muller, F. J. and Gibson, G. A. P. and Mason, P. G. and Kuhlmann, U.}
}
@article {8555,
	title = {The parasitoid communities associated with an invasive canola pest, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Ontario and Quebec, Canada},
	journal = {Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {143},
	number = {5},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {524-537},
	abstract = {Surveys were conducted to determine the parasitoid communities associated with the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), an important invasive pest of canola in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. More than 18 species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) were associated with this pest through mass rearings from canola siliques. In southwestern Ontario, the most abundant species were a species of Chlorocytus Graham (23.6\%-48.6\%), Lyrcus perdubius (Girault) (0\%-53\%), L. maculatus (Gahan) (2.8\%-14.7\%), and species of Pteromalus Swederus (0.6\%-23.1\%) (Pteromalidae). In contrast, the most abundant species in Quebec were Trichomalus lucidus (Walker) (Pteromalidae) (33.3\%-56.4\%), unidentified Eulophidae (2.1\%-39.1\%), Mesopolobus gemellus Baur and Muller (Pteromalidae) (1.3\%-21.4\%), and Necremnus tidius (Walker) (Eulophidae) (11.5\%-19.3\%). In the Ottawa, Ontario, area, parasitoids were first recovered in 2008, and Trichomalus perfectus (Walker) (Pteromalidae), M. gemellus, and species of Pteromalus were most prevalent. Mesopolobus gemellus and T perfectus are reported in North America for the first time. Although existing communities appear to provide substantial parasitism (e.g., 6.3\%-26.3\% in 2006), species composition varies among years and differs from that in other regions in North America. Thus, parasitism levels and parasitoid communities of the cabbage seedpod weevil should be monitored to assess whether these will increase or there is a need to introduce more host-specific species from Europe that could provide greater mortality.},
	keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus},
	isbn = {0008-347X},
	author = {Mason, P. G. and Miall, J. H. and Bouchard, P. and Gillespie, D. R. and Broadbent, A. B. and Gibson, G. A. P.}
}
