@article {15213,
	title = {Initial tree mortality and insect and pathogen response to fire and thinning restoration treatments in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada, California},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research},
	volume = {38},
	number = {12},
	year = {2008},
	month = {December},
	pages = {3011-3020},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Fire and thinning restoration treatments in fire-suppressed forests often damage or stress leave trees, altering pathogen and insect affects. We compared types of insect-and pathogen-mediated mortality on mixed-conifer trees 3 years after treatment. The number of bark beetle attacked trees was greater in burn treatments compared with no-burn treatments, and in some cases, larger pine trees were preferentially attacked. Restoration treatments are not expected to change the trajectory of spread and intensification of dwarf mistletoe. Thinning treatments may have provided a sanitation effect in which large leave trees have lower levels of dwarf mistletoe. Although thinning treatments are known to exacerbate root disease, 12\% of cut stumps were infected with root pathogens (Armillaria gallica and Heterobasidion annosum). Treatments increased Ribes (alternate host for white pine blister rust) frequency and abundance, which may have very localized impacts on white pine blister rust dynamics. In some instances, fire, insects, and pathogens appear to conflict with forest restoration goals by reducing the percentage of pine and producing proportionally higher rates of tree mortality in large-diameter size classes. To better understand the long-term effects of restoration treatments on pathogens and insects, continued monitoring over the course of varying climatic conditions will be needed.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus jeffreyi, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus valens, Scolytus ventralis},
	isbn = {0045-5067},
	author = {Maloney, Patricia E. and Smith, Thomas F. and Jensen, Camille E. and Innes, Jim and Rizzo, David M. and North, Malcolm P.}
}
@article {15185,
	title = {A new species of the genus Tarsonemus Canestrini et Fanzago, 1876 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) associated with Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) a pest of fruit trees in Iran},
	journal = {Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne},
	volume = {76},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {30 September},
	pages = {225-237},
	abstract = {Tarsonemus amygdali n. sp. (Acari, Tarsonemidae) is described and illustrated based on the material of females and a male. This new species was found in galleries of the bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Insecta, Coleoptera, Scolytidae), infesting plum and apricot trees in Iran. The systematic position of the new species and its biogeography are briefly discussed.},
	keywords = {Scolytus amygdali},
	isbn = {0032-3780},
	author = {Magowski, Wojciech L. and Diduszko, Dawid and Ahadiyat, Ali}
}
@article {14441,
	title = {Initial tree mortality and insect and pathogen response to fire and thinning restoration treatments in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada, California},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research},
	volume = {38},
	number = {12},
	year = {2008},
	month = {December},
	pages = {3011-3020},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Fire and thinning restoration treatments in fire-suppressed forests often damage or stress leave trees, altering pathogen and insect affects. We compared types of insect-and pathogen-mediated mortality on mixed-conifer trees 3 years after treatment. The number of bark beetle attacked trees was greater in burn treatments compared with no-burn treatments, and in some cases, larger pine trees were preferentially attacked. Restoration treatments are not expected to change the trajectory of spread and intensification of dwarf mistletoe. Thinning treatments may have provided a sanitation effect in which large leave trees have lower levels of dwarf mistletoe. Although thinning treatments are known to exacerbate root disease, 12\% of cut stumps were infected with root pathogens (Armillaria gallica and Heterobasidion annosum). Treatments increased Ribes (alternate host for white pine blister rust) frequency and abundance, which may have very localized impacts on white pine blister rust dynamics. In some instances, fire, insects, and pathogens appear to conflict with forest restoration goals by reducing the percentage of pine and producing proportionally higher rates of tree mortality in large-diameter size classes. To better understand the long-term effects of restoration treatments on pathogens and insects, continued monitoring over the course of varying climatic conditions will be needed.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus jeffreyi, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus valens, Scolytus ventralis},
	isbn = {0045-5067},
	author = {Maloney, Patricia E. and Smith, Thomas F. and Jensen, Camille E. and Innes, Jim and Rizzo, David M. and North, Malcolm P.}
}
@article {14374,
	title = {A new species of the genus Tarsonemus Canestrini et Fanzago, 1876 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) associated with Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) a pest of fruit trees in Iran},
	journal = {Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne},
	volume = {76},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {30 September},
	pages = {225-237},
	abstract = {Tarsonemus amygdali n. sp. (Acari, Tarsonemidae) is described and illustrated based on the material of females and a male. This new species was found in galleries of the bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Insecta, Coleoptera, Scolytidae), infesting plum and apricot trees in Iran. The systematic position of the new species and its biogeography are briefly discussed.},
	keywords = {Scolytus amygdali},
	isbn = {0032-3780},
	author = {Magowski, Wojciech L. and Diduszko, Dawid and Ahadiyat, Ali}
}
@article {13735,
	title = {Study on the effect of shot-hole borer in transmission of Cytosporiose disease on apple and cherry trees},
	journal = {Fasinamah-i tahqiqat-i hasharah-shinasi},
	volume = {1},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Summer},
	pages = {135-146},
	abstract = {In recent years, there have been considerable damages of shot-hole borer, Scolytus rugulosus Muller, and cytosporiose disease by Cytospora species on twigs, branches and trunks of apple and sweet cherry trees in orchards of Tehran province, Iran. The fungi causes necrotic blotches around internal or external holes of the bark beetle. In the year 2002, samples of infected branches of apple and cherry trees were collected from different parts of Tehran province. The samples were cultured in PDA and MA media, an ten isolates of Cytospora were isolated in which 9 isolates belonged to C. leucostoma. One of the most aggressive isolate was selected to conduct the test of transmission by the beetle. This experiment was carried out based on the following treatments: with three replicates, 1 - releasing two mated females on each young trees, 2 - Spraying Cytospora leucostoma suspension on young trees, 3 - Releasing two mated females covered with the Cytospora leucostoma suspension, 4 - Control. This study confirmed that cytosporiosis of apple and cherry trees is transmitted by the shot-hole borer in the region.},
	keywords = {Scolytus rugulosus},
	isbn = {2008-4668},
	author = {Kolyaee, R. and Khabbaz Jolfaee, H.}
}
@article {13353,
	title = {A new nematode species (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) associated with the bark beetle, Scolytus seulensis, in Korea},
	journal = {Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	month = {March},
	pages = {31-35},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A new species of Aphelenchidae, which was associated with the bark beetle, Scolytus seulensis Murayama, was discovered on a peach tree in Cheongdo, Gyeongbuk, Korea, in 2004. Male specimens of Parasitaphelenchus gyeongbukensis n. sp. possess two pairs of post-anal caudal papillae, approximately one-fourth to one-third of a tail length anterior to the tail terminus; one pair is located ventrally to the end of the lateral lines, and the other pair is slightly more ventral and posteriorly positioned. Bursa-like structures were present at the tail terminal, as evidenced on SEM. (C) Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved},
	keywords = {Scolytus seulensis},
	isbn = {1226-8615},
	author = {Kim, Dong-Geun and Robbins, R. T.}
}
@article {13218,
	title = {Xylophagous entomofauna in branches of oaks (Quercus spp.) and its significance for oak health in the Karst region of Slovenia},
	journal = {Biologia (Bratislava)},
	volume = {64},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {August},
	pages = {130-138},
	abstract = {Samples of dying branches from 121 trees of Quercus pubescens, Q. cerris, and Q. petraea were taken from 102 sites in Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum petraeae and Ostryo-Quercetum pubescentis forests. After nine months{\textquoteright} rearing in eclectors, branches were cut to 20-cm sections, and signs of infestation as well as larvae and adult insects were noted. We analysed 395 sections of branches from Q. pubescens, 125 sections from Q. cerris, and 85 sections from Q. petraea. We found 44 adult insects: 45\% were from the Cerambycidae family (Callimus angulatus ssp. angulatus, Poecilium alni, and Exocentrus adspersus), 18\% were from the Scolytinae subfamily (Scolytus intricatus, Xyleborus dispar), 4\% from the Buprestidae family (Coraebus florentinus), 4.5\% from the Cleridae family (Tilloidea unifasciata), and 28.5\% from other families. In addition, 145 larvae were found: 50\% from the Cerambycidae family, 39\% from the Buprestidae family, 4\% from the Scolytinae subfamily, and 7\% from other families. Significant difference in the abundance of adult insects and larvae with regard to the diameter of branch sections and the host species were found. 78\% of dying branches showed signs of infestation. Species of the Buprestidae, Scolytinae, and Cerambycidae represent important factors in the decline in oak vitality in the lower Karst region of Slovenia.},
	keywords = {Scolytus intricatus, Xyleborus dispar},
	isbn = {0006-3088},
	author = {Jurc, Maja and Bojovic, Srdan and Komjanc, Bostjan and Krc, Janez}
}
@article {13103,
	title = {Characterization of two non-native invasive bark beetles, Scolytus schevyrewi and Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {140},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	month = {September-Octobe},
	pages = {527-538},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, the banded elm bark beetle, and S. multistriatus Marsham, the smaller European elm bark beetle, are morphologically similar. Reliance on adult external morphological characters for identification can be problematic because of wide within-species variability and the need for good-quality specimens. The inability to identify developmental stages can also hamper early-detection programs. Using two character identification systems, genitalic (aedeagus) morphology, and DNA markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR)) to distinguish S. schevyrewi from S. multistriatus, we examined specimens from geographically distinct populations of both species collected from infested host trees or semiochemical-baited funnel traps. We found that aedeagus morphology can be used to identify the two species. The use of two oligonucleotide primers in the RAPD-PCR analysis yielded distinct DNA banding patterns for the two species. Species identification using RAPD-PCR analysis was validated by a blind test and used to make species identifications of larval specimens. These tools improve the ability to differentiate between S. schevyrewi and S. multistriatus at immature and adult stages, and could be developed and used for other scolytines as well.},
	keywords = {Scolytus multistriatus, Scolytus schevyrewi},
	isbn = {0008-347X},
	author = {Johnson, Patricia L. and Hayes, Jane L. and Rinehart, John and Sheppard, Walter S. and Smith, Steven E.}
}
@article {12661,
	title = {First records of the banded elm bark beetle Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in British Columbia},
	journal = {Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2010},
	month = {December},
	pages = {21-24},
	abstract = {The banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov was detected for the first time in British Columbia near Kelowna during 2010. Fifty-eight S. schevyrewi were captured in an experiment that targeted the European elm bark beetle, Scolytus nniltistriatus (Marsham). It was a test of the efficacy of a new trap design relative to the multiple funnel trap currently used in surveillance programs for invasive bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera. Data on the seasonal occurrence of the banded elm bark beetle are presented.},
	keywords = {Scolytus schevyrewi},
	isbn = {0071-0733},
	author = {Humble, L. M. and John, E. and Smith, J. and Zilahi-Balogh, G. M. G. and Kimoto, T. and Noseworthy, M. K.}
}
@article {12310,
	title = {Forestry aspects and Faunistics of the bark beetles in South Tyrol (Coleoptera, Scolytidae)},
	journal = {Forest Observer},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012},
	pages = {139-180},
	abstract = {This paper gives a summary overview on the forestry aspects of the bark beetles in South Tyrol within their faunistic framework. The faunistic data are based on previously reports from South Tyrol by Gredler (1866-1898), Peez \& Kahlen (1977), Kahlen (1987) and Hellrigl (1975-2002), supplemented with recent reports and findings by the Author. The present check-list for South Tyrol comprises 104 taxa of bark beetles, of which 92 species have been established (including 85 endemic and 7 imported species), whereas the occurrence of 12 species means doubtful or conjectural. The number of species listed has nearly doubled during the last 110 years, since Gredler{\textquoteright}s listing. Compared with South Tyrol, 76 species of bark beetles have been recorded in North Tyrol; whereas for East Tyrol, 60 species have been confirmed. The basis of the Forestry aspects is formed by the Author{\textquoteright}s research work over several decades (1966-2011), documented by his collection of bark beetles. The number of species of bark beetles that appeared frequently in South Tyrolean forests over the past 45 years, amounts to only 48 (underlined in the listing); only few of these species did repeatedly cause damages to trees. In the case of conifer bark beetles, infestation is usually the result of lightning strikes, wind-pressure or snow- pressure or drought; or, not infrequently, following pre-damaging fungus diseases. The yearly reports of wood damaged by conifer bark beetles amount to c. 8,000-16,000 m3; this is moderate, considering a total wooded area of 336,000 ha. [long dash] From deciduous tree bark beetles, some like Scolytus rugulosus and Xyleborus dispar, appear as pests in fruit-tree cultures; whereas at the end of last century damage was caused by "elm bark beetles" (Scolytus sp.), especially in urban areas, in connection with a fungus disease ("Elm disease").},
	keywords = {Scolytus rugulosus, Xyleborus dispar},
	author = {Hellrigl, Klaus}
}
@article {10969,
	title = {Blacks mountain experimental forest: bark beetle responses to differences in forest structure and the application of prescribed fire in interior ponderosa pine},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research},
	volume = {38},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	month = {May},
	pages = {924-935},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Mechanical thinning and the application of prescribed fire are commonly used tools in the restoration of fire-adapted forest ecosystems. However, few studies have explored their effects on subsequent amounts of bark beetle caused tree mortality in interior ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. \& C. Laws. var. ponderosa. In this study, we examined bark beetle responses to creation of midseral (low diversity) and late-seral stages (high diversity) and the application of prescribed fire on 12 experimental units ranging in size from 76 to 136 ha. A total of 9500 (5.0\% of all trees) Pinus and Abies trees died 2 years after treatment of which 28.8\% (2733 trees) was attributed to bark beetle colonization. No significant difference in the mean percentage of trees colonized by bark beetles was found between low diversity and high diversity. The application of prescribed fire resulted in significant increases in bark beetle caused tree mortality (all species) and for western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, Ips spp., and fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeConte, individually. Approximately 85.6\% (2339 trees) of all bark beetle caused tree mortality occurred on burned split plots. The implications of these and other results to sustainable forest management are discussed.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus brevicornis, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Ips, Scolytus ventralis},
	isbn = {0045-5067},
	author = {Fettig, Christopher J. and Borys, Robert R. and McKelvey, Stephen R. and Dabney, Christopher P.}
}
@article {10919,
	title = {Antennae structure of Scolytus schevyrewi observed with a scanning electron microscope},
	journal = {Scientia Silvae Sinicae},
	volume = {47},
	number = {5},
	year = {2011},
	month = {May},
	pages = {87-89},
	abstract = {Antenna morphological characters and sensors{\textquoteright} distribution of male and female of Scolytus schevyrewi were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that there were no significant differences in antenna morphological characters and sensor{\textquoteright}s distribution between the male and female. Majority of sensilla spreaded on the club of the antennae and occupied 98. 4\% of all sensilla. The sensilla could be divided into four types: zigzag sensillum, bud-shaped sensillum, basiconca sensillum and chaeticum sensillum. These types respectively accounted for 57.7\%, 28.6\%, 12.6\%, and 1.1\% of the total sensilla. Zigzag sensilla distributed on all parts of antennae, among which sensilla on the club accounted for 99. 2\% of total sensilla. However, sensilla on the scape and fanicles had approximately 0. 8\% . Bud-shaped sensilla were buried beneath the zigzag sensilla on the club or distributed on the edges of club. Basiconca sensillum scattered on the edge of the club, and blended with bud-shaped sensilla while chaeticum sensilla distributed on the joint of the scape and funicle.},
	keywords = {morphology, Scolytus schevyrewi},
	isbn = {1001-7488},
	author = {Fan, Linhua and Li, Yonghong and Zhang, Jintong and Luo, Yuoqing and Zong, Shixiang and Yang, Meihong}
}
@article {10920,
	title = {Morphological traits and bionomics of Scolytus schevyrewi Seme. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)},
	journal = {Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology},
	volume = {48},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	month = {May},
	pages = {657-663},
	abstract = {The banded elm bark beetle (BEBB), Scolytus schevyrewi Seme. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is one of the elm boring pests. The morphological traits and bionomics of BEBB, including life cycle, adult lifespan, habits and mating behaviors, were observed in the laboratory and in the field in Yanchi county, Ningxia Province. There were two generations of BEBB per year. The pest overwintered in the form of mature larvae (98.2\%) and pupae (1.8\%). Mature larvae began to pupate in early May with a peak of pupation in mid May. Adults started to emerge from late May with a peak in early June. Second generation larvae pupated from late June till early July with a peak in late July and pupation ending in early August. The average lifespan of female and male adults was significantly different; (27.14 [plus or minus] 3.74) d for females and (16.86 [plus or minus] 4.13) d for males (P < 0.05). Diapause was not observed. Four kinds of natural enemies of BEBB; Elachistocontrum sp., Pedieuloids ventricosus Newport, Thansimus sp. and Labidura sp., were found.},
	keywords = {Scolytus schevyrewi},
	author = {Fan, Li-Hua and Zhang, Jin-Tong and Li, Yue-Hua and Luo, You-Qing and Zong, Shi-Xiang and Yang, Mei-Hong}
}
@article {10864,
	title = {Taxonomic status of Scolytus opacus and Scolytus abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): a comparative study},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {102},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {July},
	pages = {597-602},
	abstract = {Anatomical features of male and female Scolytus opacus Blackman, infesting Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.), and Scolylus abietis Blackman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), infesting Abies grandis (Douglas) and Abies concolor (Gord. \& Glend.), were compared by light and scanning electron microscopy. Diagnostic features involve body size; striations on the underside of the head, which have a stridulatory function; shape of the submentum; and several characters on abdominal sternites 1 and 2. Because of differences in these features of the two taxa, and because the two populations infest different tree species and are sympatric in Idaho, we reinstate S. abietis as a valid species.},
	keywords = {Scolytus opacus},
	isbn = {0013-8746},
	author = {Equihua-Martinez, Armando and Furniss, Malcolm M.}
}
@article {10799,
	title = {Effects of Various Semiochemicals on the Responses of Rhyzopertha dominica to Pheromone Traps in the Field},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {104},
	number = {6},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1297-1302},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Feeding male Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) produces two pheromones Dominicalure-1 (DL-1) and Dominicalure-2 (DL-2), which attracts adults of both sexes. In field experiments conducted in Oklahoma, R. dominica captures in multiple funnel traps deployed with its pheromones, ethanol, or both, green-leaf volatiles (GLV), plant essential oils, or synthetic pheromones for Ips spp., Dendroctonus spp., or Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were examined. The bark beetle lures were evaluated at the release rate recommended for the respective insects. The number of insects trapped increased when R. dominica lure was combined with ethanol, whereas beetle captures neither were enhanced nor inhibited when the lure was combined with GLV, 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-l-one (MCH), or plant essential oil mixtures turpentine, from Pinus spp., and cedar wood oil, from Juniperus spp. (Coniferales: Pinaceae and Cupressaceae). Similarly, the numbers of captured R. dominica did not significantly differ when R. dominica lures were supplemented with ipsdienol, ipsenol, cis-verbenol, or pityol. Conversely, the combination of R. dominica lures with exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and commercial lure for S. multistriatus, containing the bicyclic ketal multistriatin, resulted in significantly fewer captures of R. dominica. The presence of live males of the closely related species Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) decreased the number of captured R. dominica by >70\% compared with captures in traps baited with R. dominica{\textquoteright}s natural pheromone alone. Results support the hypothesis that grain-infesting R. dominica evolved from forest-inhabiting ancestors and retained behavioral traits for semiochemical interactions with other wood-boring beetle species. Such interspecific interactions have potential for exploitation in pest management programs against R. dominica.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus, Ips, Scolytus multistriatus},
	isbn = {0013-8746; 1938-2901},
	author = {Edde, Peter A. and Toews, Michael D. and Phillips, Thomas W.}
}
@article {10728,
	title = {Biology and management of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Washington cherry orchards},
	journal = {Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2008},
	month = {December},
	pages = {69-81},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The biology and management of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Washington cherry orchards was investigated from 2003-2005. Two dominant species were identified attacking cherry (Prunus spp.) orchards: the shothole borer, Scolylus rugulosus Muller, and an ambrosia beetle, Xyleborinus saxeseni Ratzeburg. S. rugulosus was the species most implicated in damage to healthy trees. Two distinct periods of S. rugulosus activity occur in Washington, with a possible partial third in some locations. The first activity period begins in late April and peaks in late May to early June, with the second beginning in mid-July and peaks in late July to early August. Yellow sticky traps (unbaited apple maggot traps) were effective tools to monitor S. rugulosus activity but ethanol-baited intercept-style traps were necessary to monitor X saxeseni activity. Movement of S. rugulosus into orchards was closely associated with emergence from outside hosts, generally a pile of recently pruned or cut wood placed outside the orchard. S. rugulosus readily moved distances of 10-50 m to attack trees on orchard borders, but did not move more than two or three rows into a healthy orchard. A residue bioassay technique demonstrated that several insecticides caused mortality of S. rugulosus adults. A pyrethroid, esfenvalerate, was the most active 21 d after treatment. Azinphos-methyl was acutely toxic to S. rugulosus, but for only seven d. Endosulfan and the neonicotinyls, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid, were somewhat toxic to S. rugulosus.},
	keywords = {Scolylus rugulosus, Scolytinae},
	isbn = {0071-0733},
	author = {Doerr, Michael D. and Brunner, Jay F. and Smith, Timothy J.}
}
@article {10723,
	title = {New stations in France for Scolytus koenigi Schewyrew, 1890 (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon},
	volume = {78},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {March-April},
	pages = {85-90},
	abstract = {Three new stations attest the presence in France of Scolylus koenigi. Biological data and identification criterion are specified. S. koenigi is xylophagous on maples trees recently dead. Acer opalus is cited for the first time as host tree. A distribution map of the species is given.},
	keywords = {Scolylus koenigi},
	isbn = {0366-1326},
	author = {Dodelin, Benoit}
}
@article {9856,
	title = {Morphometrics and molecular identification of some Italian populations of Bursaphelenchus eremus Ruhm (Goodey) associated with Quercus spp},
	journal = {Redia},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {3-21},
	abstract = {Two Italian regions (Lombardy and Tuscany) were surveyed in 2004-2006 to investigate Bursaphelenchus eremus Ruhm (Goodey) associated with broad-leaved trees showing symptoms of decline. Eighteen composite wood samples (from sixty-one Quercus spp. trees) were collected from nine localities, 61 \% of the sampled trees contained specimens of B. eremus and 79\% the bark beetle Scolytus intricatus Ratzeburg, currently considered this nematode{\textquoteright}s sole vector insect. In seven wood samples, the collected bark beetles always carried a large number of dauer juveniles beneath the elytra and wings. Six Italian isolates of B. eremus reared in Botrytis cinerea Pets. ex Fr. and three dauer juvenile populations emerged from insects were described in detail using LM and SEM. Comparison between the ITS-PCR of both Italian and German populations of B. eremus is reported together the ITS-RFLP profile of the Italian species. The variability of B. eremus isolates from different bioclimates is discussed and illustrated. Q. suber L. is recorded as new host for B. eremus},
	keywords = {Scolytus intricatus},
	isbn = {0370-4327},
	author = {Carletti, Beatrice and Ambrogioni, Laura and Irdani, Tiziana and Brandstetter, Martin and Puler, Federico and Surico, Flaviano and Pennacchio, Fabrizio and Roversi, Pio Federico}
}
@article {9854,
	title = {Bursaphelenchus species with their natural vectors in Italy: distribution and essential diagnostic features},
	journal = {Redia},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {111-117},
	type = {Article; Meeting paper},
	abstract = {According to data collected during several surveys, accomplished from 1992 to 2007 in coniferous and deciduous trees, together with those obtained from Servizi Fitosanitari Regionali, in order to the request of European Union, a total of twelve nominal Bursaphelenchus species plus one, not yet identified, were collected in Italy. Among these species Bursaphelenchus mucronatus Mamiya \& Enda and B. eremus Ruhm (Goodey) appeared to be the most frequently found in coniferous and deciduous trees respectively. For B. eggersi Ruhm (Goodey), B. idius Ruhm (Goodey) and B. silvestris (Lieutier \& Laumond) Baujard, species already reported in Europe, this is the first record of their occurrence in Italy; for B. minutus Walia, Negi, Bajaj \& Kalia, as far as we know, this is the second record in the world after India, where the species has been first described. Diagnostic characters, illustrated by microphotographs or drawings, are described for the Bursaphelenchus species occurring in Italy and an extensive review on their occurrence throughout the world, host range and insect vectors is reported.},
	keywords = {Hylurgus ligniperda, Ips sexdentatus, Scolytus intricatus},
	isbn = {0370-4327},
	author = {Carletti, Beatrice}
}
@article {9607,
	title = {Seasonal history and activity of the bark beetle Scolytus nitidus Schedl (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on apple trees in Kashmir},
	journal = {Indian Journal of Entomology},
	volume = {70},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {December},
	pages = {385-388},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {Scolytus nitidus},
	isbn = {0367-8288},
	author = {Buhroo, A. A. and Ramamurthy, V.V.}
}
@article {9605,
	title = {On the biology of the bark beetle Scolytus nitidus Schedl (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) attacking apple orchards},
	journal = {Acta Silvatica \& Lignaria Hungarica},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {65-74},
	abstract = {The biological characters of Scolytus nitidus were investigated both in the field and in the laboratory as well. This common shot-hole borer overwinters in larval stage on apple trees in Kashmir. After emergence the adults fly to suitable trees and undergo maturation feeding for 4-6 days. The copulation takes place at the entrance hole. The maternal gallery is one armed longitudinal, in average 4.6 cm long. The female lays 52 eggs on an average. The eggs hatch in 5 to 7 days. The larvae have 5 instars and complete their development in 38 to 50 days constructing larval galleries 5-8 cm in length. The larvae pupate for 6-18 days and finally the adults emerge to attack new suitable trees. The adults live for 45-60 days and the total life-span of this species ranges from 97 to 124 days. The seasonal distribution of various life stages and the number of generations were also recorded},
	keywords = {Scolytus nitidus},
	isbn = {1786-691X},
	author = {Buhroo, Abdul Ahad and Lakatos, Ferenc}
}
@article {9182,
	title = {Laboratory trials to infect insects and nematodes by some acaropathogenic Hirsutella strains (Mycota: Clavicipitaceous anamorphs)},
	journal = {Journal of Invertebrate Pathology},
	volume = {97},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {February},
	pages = {103-113},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Laboratory assays have been carried out to artificially infect insect larvae of the birch bark-beetle (Scolytus ratzeburgi Jans.-Coleoptera, Scolytidae) and codling moth Cydia pomonella L. -Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) as well as the potato cyst nematode-Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber, sugar beet nematode-Heterodera schachtii Schmidt and root-knot nematode-Meloidogyne hapla Chif (Nematoda, Heteroderidae), by the phialoconidia of some fungal species of the genus Hirsutella. From among four species tested on insects only H. nodulosa Petch infected about 20\% of S. ratzeburgi larvae, whereas H. kirchneri (Rostrup) Minter, Brady et Hall, H. minnesotensis Chen, Liu et Chen, and H. rostrata Balazy et Wisniewski did not affect insect larvae. Only single eggs of the root-knot nematode were infected by H. minnesotensis in the laboratory trials, whereas its larvae remained unaffected. No infection cases of the potato cyst nematode (G. rostochiensis) and sugar beet nematode eggs were obtained. Comparisons of DNA-ITS-region sequences of the investigated strains with GenBank data showed no differences between H. minnesotensis isolates from the nematodes Heterodera glycines Ichinohe and from tarsonemid mites (authors{\textquoteright} isolate). A fragment of ITS 2 with the sequence characteristic only for H. minnesotensis was selected. Two cluster analyses indicated close similarity of this species to H. thompsonii as sister clades, but the latter appeared more heterogenous. Insect and mite pathogenic species H. nodulosa localizes close to specialized aphid pathogen H. aphidis, whereas the phytophagous mite pathogens H. kirchneri and H. gregis form a separate sister clade. Hirsutella rostrata does not show remarkable relations to the establishment of aforementioned groups. Interrelated considerations on the morphology, biology and DNA sequencing of investigated Hirsutella species state their identification more precisely and facilitate the establishment of systematic positions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	keywords = {Scolytus ratzeburgi},
	isbn = {0022-2011},
	author = {Balazy, Stanislaw and Wrzosek, Marta and Sosnowska, Danuta and Tkaczuk, Cezary and Muszewska, Anna}
}
@article {9131,
	title = {Scolytus rugulosus (Muller) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) - A New Pest of Acer undulatum Pojark in Turkey},
	journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
	volume = {9},
	number = {17},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {2325-2326},
	abstract = {Scolytus rugulosus (Muller), Shothole borer was detected as a new pest of Acer undulatum Pojark with this study. A. undulatum is a species of maple, endemic to Babadag near Fethiye in Mugla Province, southwest Turkey where it grows at altitudes of between 1400 and 1800m. The related pest is feeding and tunnelling between back and cambium of mostly ornamental trees. The objective of the study was to determine the harmful pests threatening this endemic plant.},
	keywords = {Scolytus rugulosus},
	isbn = {1680-5593; 1993-601X},
	author = {Ayberk, Hamit and Cebeci, Huseyin}
}
@article {8946,
	title = {Contributions to the knowledge of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the Kaliningrad region. 2},
	journal = {Baltic Journal of Coleopterology},
	volume = {11},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011},
	pages = {209-231},
	abstract = {The article presents faunal data on 70 species of 23 beetle families of the Kaliningrad region, western Russia. Twenty three species, Cercyon laminates Sharp, 1873, Cercyon castaneipennis Vorst, 2009 (Hydrophilidae), Anthaxia godeti Gory, 1841 (Buprestidae), Colydium elongatum (Fabricius, 1787) (Zopheridae), Oedemera croceicollis Gyllenhal, 1827 (Oedemeridae), Leiopus linnei Wallin, Nylander et Kvamme, 2009 (Cerambycidae), Cryptocephalus bilineatus (Linnaeus, 1767), Aphthona czwalinai Weise, 1888, Longitarsus lewisii (Baly, 1874), Altica engstroemi (Sahlberg, 1894), A. brevicollis Foudras, 1860, A. chamaenerii (H. Lindberg, 1926), A. impressicollis (Reiche, 1862), A. carinthiaca Weise, 1888, Chaetocnema tibialis (Illiger, 1807), Ch. subcoerulea (Kutschera, 1864), Cassida margaritacea Schaller, 1783, Bruchidius marginalis (Fabricius, 1777) (Chrysomelidae), Nelasiorhynchites olivaceus (Gyllenhal, 1833) (Rhynchitidae), Exapion fiuscirostre (Fabricius, 1775) (Apionidae), Sitophilus orvzae (Linnaeus, 1763) (Dryophthoridae), Bradyhatus kellneri Bach, 1854 and Scolytus mall (Bechstein et Scharfenberg, 1805) (Curculionidae), are reported for the first time from the studied area. The records published in the current article will complete the information about the distribution and bionomy of Coleoptera in the Kaliningrad and in the whole South-Eastern Baltic region.},
	keywords = {Bradyhatus kellneri, Exapion fiuscirostre, Nelasiorhynchites olivaceus, Scolytus mall, Sitophilus orvzae},
	isbn = {1407-8619},
	author = {Alekseev, Vitaly I. and Bukejs, Andris}
}
@article {8919,
	title = {Observations on the biology of Winterschmidtia hamadryas (Vitzthum) (Acari: Astigmata: Winterschmidtiidae) associated with the almond bark beetle, Scolytus amygdali Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Iran},
	journal = {Belgian Journal of Entomology},
	volume = {8},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	month = {23 February},
	pages = {153-164},
	abstract = {During 2001-2002 survey of mites and insects associated with the almond bark beetle, Scolytus amygdali GUERIN-MENEVILLE, 1847, in Iran (Tehran Province), all developmental stages of the mite species, Winterschmidtia hamadryas (VITZTHUM, 1923), were collected. The adults, nymphs and larvae of the mite were observed in great numbers in the scolytid galleries, and its deutonymphs were found phoretic on the adult beetles. Of 917 almond bark beetles collected from infested trees, 17.3\% had at least one deutonymph of W. hamadryas. The attachment sites were the ventral surface of the abdomen, abdominal pleurites, femora, ventral and pleural thorax, between coxae II and III, and rarely on the dorsal body, elytra and on both sides of the head. Most of the deutonymphs (60.3\%) were attached to the abdominal pleurites. The greatest number of these mites on a single beetle was 15. This species is one of the most abundant mite species which were found in the beetle galleries. Deutonyrnphs of this mite probably influence beetle activities or prevent their flight or shorten their dispersal distance},
	keywords = {Scolytus amygdali},
	isbn = {1374-5514},
	author = {Ahadiyat, Ali and Ostovan, Hadi}
}
@article {6025,
	title = {Study on the bionomics of almond bark beetle in Luntai County},
	journal = {Xinjiang Nongye Kexue},
	volume = {48},
	number = {9},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1655-1660},
	abstract = {(Objective) The project aims to conduct systematical and observational study of biological characteristics of Scolytus seulensis Murayama. (Method) The field investigation, nets room feeding and indoor observation methods etc. were jointly used. (Result) Scolytus seulensis Murayama occurred three or four generations in Luntai during one year. Older larvae survive the winter under barks, and generations overlap seriously. At the end of March and early April, they grow into adults and go into rusty wood, weak trees or trees blown down by wind to lay eggs. Mating adult emergence fastigium of each generation is in the middle of April, early July the middle of June and early September respectively. One complete generation lasts 46 - 62 days. The larvae in the barks damage the trees and cause them to die. According to the investigation, winter generation{\textquoteright} s eclosion//adult emergence is regular, and this is the key period to prevent and kill them. (Conclusion) The study provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of Scolytus seulensis Murayama.},
	keywords = {Scolytus seulensis},
	isbn = {1001-4330},
	author = {Zhang, Lu-yu and Zhao, Li and Li, Jun-ru and Zhang, Zi-lin and Lin, Zhi-can and Fan, Yi}
}
@article {5562,
	title = {Scolytus stepheni sp. n. - a new species of bark-beetle (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Northern India with a key to Indian Scolytus Geoffroy, 1762 species},
	journal = {Zookeys},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {171-178},
	abstract = {A new species of bark-beetle from Kashmir, Scolytus stepheni sp. n., dedicated to the late Professor Emeritus Stephen Lane Wood, is described and figured. Key to Indian Scolytus Geoffroy, 1762 species is provided.},
	keywords = {Scolytus, Scolytus stepheni},
	url = {http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/issue/view/58},
	author = {Mandelshtam, Michail Yu and Petrov, Alexander V.}
}
@article {5564,
	title = {The Banded Elm Bark Beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in North America: a taxonomic review and modifications to the Wood (1982) key to the species of Scolytus Geoffroy in North and Central America},
	journal = {Zookeys},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {207-218},
	abstract = {In 2003, an Asian bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), the banded elm bark beetle, was detected for the first time in North America. Th is paper modifies the Wood (1982) key to the species of Scolytus Geoffroy to enable identification of S. schevyrewi in North and Central America. Variation of diagnostic characters in S. schevyrewi is discussed.},
	keywords = {Scolytus schevyrewi},
	url = {http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/issue/view/58},
	author = {LaBonte, James R.}
}
