@article {11982, title = {Mortality factors affecting the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), in its area of origin: A life table analysis}, journal = {Biological Control}, volume = {54}, number = {3}, year = {2010}, month = {Sep}, pages = {331-341}, abstract = {The cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a widely distributed invasive pest of cruciferous crops in North America. Control measures rely mostly on the application of insecticides but alternative control strategies such as classical biological control are under evaluation. To investigate the impact of parasitoids and other mortality factors on C. obstrictus populations, life table studies were conducted between 2005 and 2007 in 13 winter oilseed rape fields in Switzerland, part of the native range. Under field conditions females only realized approximately 50\% of their potential lifetime fecundity, varying between 96 and 631 eggs per individual. Total generational mortality was higher than 99.6\% in each year. Overwintering mortality of adults was the major population limiting factor, contributing approximately 50\% to the overall generational mortality of C. obstrictus, whereas factors acting on the immature stages were responsible for the remaining 50\%. Among the mortality factors of the immature stages, egg, larval and pupal mortality contributed 9-12\%, 25-28\% and 4-6\% to the generational mortality, respectively. Larval ecto-parasitism on its own accounted for 7-15\% of the generational mortality. Comparison of life table data presented here with that from North America will be invaluable for elucidating the mortality factors that regulate C. obstrictus populations in Europe, the region of origin. [copyright] 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus}, isbn = {1049-9644}, author = {Haye, T. and Mason, P. G. and Dosdall, L.M. and Kuhlmann, U.} } @article {10760, title = {Contributions to the life history, host range, and distribution of Necremnus tidius (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {100}, number = {6}, year = {2007}, month = {November}, pages = {861-868}, abstract = {Field and laboratory studies investigated the preimaginal developmental time, adult emergence phenology, mating behavior, and weevil hosts of Necremnus tidius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a solitary ectoparasitoid of coleopteran larvae. In addition, changes in parasitism levels of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), by N. tidius were determined during 2003-2005 in commercial fields of canola (Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L.) in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada. Mean [plus or minus] SE developmental time from egg to adult was 18.3 [plus or minus] 0.23d for specimens reared at 21[degree]C and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L: D) h. Emergence began in late July in commercial fields near Lethbridge, AB, and 20 d later 81\% of the population bad emerged. Emergence was completed by the end of August. Mating was preceded by a complex courtship behavior with the male standing on the dorsum of the mesosoma and gaster of the female, flapping its wings without flight, leaning forward and stroking its antennae over the antennae of the female, leaning back, and repeating the sequence several times. The native weevil Ceutorhynchus neglectus Blatchley was determined to be an alternate host of N. tidius in central and northern Alberta. N. tidius was found in few commercial canola fields in 2003, but in 2004, it occurred over hundreds of thousands of hectares of canola cropland, reaching peak parasitism levels of 45\%. In 2005, N. tidius was still common, but parasitism declined relative to that observed in 2004.}, keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus}, isbn = {0013-8746}, author = {Dosdall, L.M. and Gibson, G. A. P. and Olfert, O. and Keddie, B. A. and Ulmer, B. J.} } @article {10761, title = {Responses of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitoids to invasion of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in western Canada}, journal = {Biological Invasions}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January}, pages = {109-125}, abstract = {Invasion of the European weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), was investigated through surveys of its range and population densities in Alberta and Saskatchewan from 2001 to 2005. After it was first reported in southern Alberta, C. obstrictus rapidly expanded its range and abundance. Our more recent surveys indicate that its northward expansion has slowed, but that it has continued to extend its range eastward to southcentral Saskatchewan. The distribution and abundance of parasitoids of C. obstrictus in Alberta and Saskatchewan were investigated from 2003 to 2005 by mass rearing canola pods infested with C. obstrictus larvae. Although weevil populations were not parasitized for several years immediately following its introduction to southern Alberta, a surprisingly diverse assemblage of Chalcidoidea parasitoids, comprising 12 species from four families, were recently reared from weevil-infested canola siliques in Alberta and Saskatchewan. The Chalcidoidea fauna of C. obstrictus include species with both Nearctic and Holarctic distributions, with some species having restricted host ranges and others that are more niche than taxon-specific. These Chalcidoidea species appear to have expanded their host ranges to parasitize C. obstrictus in the region. Most parasitism is attributable to Trichomalus lucidus (Walker), Chlorocytus sp., and Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae), and Necremnus tidius (Walker) (Eulophidae). Parasitism levels varied considerably over the three years of this study. From 2003 to 2005 increases in parasitism occurred among all four of the species dominating the parasitoid fauna of C. obstrictus, but greater increases were observed for Chlorocytus sp. and Pteromalus sp. than for T. lucidus. Parasitoid species have sometimes caused substantial levels of host mortality, although current levels are usually less than 15\% for all species combined and so are not sufficient to control weevil populations. Implementing a classical biological control program for C. obstrictus by reconstructing its European natural enemy complex is being considered, but it is still uncertain whether parasitism levels by native Chalcidoidea will increase over time since considerable year-to-year variation has been found. Parasitism levels of C. obstrictus should therefore continue to be monitored to assess whether a classical biological control program should be implemented.}, keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus}, isbn = {1387-3547}, author = {Dosdall, Lloyd M. and Gibson, Gary A. P. and Olfert, Owen O. and Mason, Peter G.} } @book {10341, title = {Catalogue of Ceutorhynchinae of the world, with a key to genera (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)}, series = {Catalogue of Ceutorhynchinae of the world, with a key to genera}, year = {2004}, pages = {1-124}, publisher = {Argania editio}, organization = {Argania editio}, keywords = {Acanthoscelidius tenebrosus, Aferonyx, Alphonsinus stigma, Andersoniolus, Andersoniolus inaequalis, Aphytobius sphaerion, Aphytobius subglobosus, Asperauleutes, Asperauleutes asperipennis, Asperauleutes tachygonoides, Atlantonyx, Auleutes asperipennis, Barioxyonyx retectus, Boragosirocalus flavitarsis, Borisauleutes, Borisauleutes arcuatus, Borisauleutes asperatus, Borisauleutes dispersus, Borisauleutes donaldi, Borisauleutes instabilis, Borisauleutes riguus, Borisauleutes subfasciatus, Borisauleutes sulcifrons, Ceutorhynchus, Ceutorhynchus assimilis, Ceutorhynchus atriculus, Ceutorhynchus aztecus, Ceutorhynchus bicollaris, Ceutorhynchus cochleariae, Ceutorhynchus erythropus, Ceutorhynchus fallax, Ceutorhynchus floridanus, Ceutorhynchus gilvirsotris, Ceutorhynchus laetus, Ceutorhynchus leprieuri, Ceutorhynchus leucorhamma, Ceutorhynchus medialis, Ceutorhynchus nanus, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, Ceutorhynchus pandellei, Ceutorhynchus picitarsis, Ceutorhynchus puncticollis, Ceutorhynchus rapae, Ceutorhynchus scutellaris, Ceutorhynchus semirufus, Ceutorhynchus suturatus, Ceutorhynchus turbatus, Ceutorhynchus zimmermannii, Coeliodes jelineki, Coeliodes ruber, Coeliodes subfarinosus, Curculio nigrostriatus, Cyphohypurus, Cysmemoderes verrucosus, Datonychidius distinctepubens, Datonychus melanostictus, Datonychus plastus, Dieckmannius lewisi, Erythromerus, Erythromerus affinis, Erythromerus maculatus, Erythromerus melanocephalus, Erythromerus monostigma, Euauleutes, Euauleutes mexicanus, Gibbocoeliodes, Gibbocoeliodes gibbosus, Glocianus bituberculatus, Glocianus fennicus, Glocianus lethierryi, Glocianus maculaquadra, Glocianus polystriatus, Glocianus ragusae, Glocianus tshistyakovae, Hadroplantus trimaculatus, Hustacheauleutes, Hustacheauleutes bruchi, Hustacheauleutes muricatus, Hypohypurini, Hypohypurus, Indohypurus, Indozacladus asperulus, Indozacladus theresiae, Isorhynchus candidulus, Isorhynchus pudicus, Isorhynchus setiferus, Marmaropus testaceitarsis, Mesoxyonyx hispanicus, Micrelus ericae, Microplontus campestris, Microplontus molitor, Mogulones annibal, Mogulones crucifer, Mogulones gratiosus, Mogulones javetii, Mogulones larvatus, Mogulones pallidicornis, Mogulones peregrinus, Mogulones t-album, Nedyus quadrimaculatus, Neoauleutes, Neoauleutes similis, Neoglocianus gethsemaniensis, Neohypurus, Neomerus, Neomerus sexnodosus, Neoprohinus, Neoprohinus cinnamomeus, Neoxyonyx massageta, Neoxyonyx monticola, Nigrocoeliodes, Nigrocoeliodes granulatus, Parauleutes, Parauleutes albovarius, Parauleutes biolleyi, Parauleutes guadeloupensis, Parauleutes inermis, Parauleutes inspersus, Parauleutes nasalis, Parauleutes nebulosus, Parauleutes plurituberculatus, Petrocladus, Phytobius quadrituberbulatus, Prorutidosoma, Pruinomerus, Pruinomerus angulatus, Pruinomerus conicus, Pruinomerus dietzi, Pruinomerus griseus, Pruinomerus guyanensis, Pruinomerus nodicollis, Pruinomerus pulvereus, Pruinomerus squalidus, Pruinomerus subsaltans, Pruinomerus vicinus, Pseudocoeliodes rubricus, Pseudophytobius, Pseudophytobius acalloides acalloides, Rhinoncus castor, Rhinoncus pericarpius, Rhinoncus sparsetosus, Rubrauletes argentinensis, Rubrauleutes, Scleropteridius, Scleropterini, Scleropteroides hypocrita, Sudauleutes, Sudauleutes bosqi, Sulcraponius, Sulcraponius umbraculatus, Sulcraponius unguiculatus, Svetlaniolus, Thamiocolus calcaratus, Thamiocolus susannae, Trichosirocalus barnevillei, Victorinus, Whiteheadiolus, Whiteheadiolus ganglionus, Whiteheadiolus tessellatus, Xenysmoderes athleta, Xenysmoderes ciconia, Xenysmoderes conicollis, Xenysmoderes glabirostris, Xenysmoderes kryzhanovskii, Xenysmoderes longicollis, Xenysmoderes michaili, Xenysmoderes nigroclavatus}, isbn = {84-931847-6-4}, author = {Colonnelli, Enzo} } @article {9850, title = {Cold hardiness and overwintering survival of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus}, journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata}, volume = {133}, number = {3}, year = {2009}, month = {December}, pages = {223-231}, abstract = {The cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a serious pest of brassicaceous crops in temperate regions and a chronic member of the pest complex that attacks canola in Canada. We conducted several laboratory and field experiments to quantify winter survival and its role in the population dynamics of this insect. We estimated the supercooling point of the weevil at -7 [degree]C and its survival over 8 weeks decreased significantly at -5 [degree]C relative to 5 [degree]C, but extending the overwintering period at 5 [degree]C to 18.5 weeks had no effect on mortality. Cumulative sub-freezing degrees estimated from air temperature, and especially from soil temperature, were highly correlated with weevil survival. Our linear regression model predicted poor survival of the weevils in typical winters in northern Alberta. Our results indicate that if milder winters prevail, as predicted by global warming, there is potential for the weevils to establish and become a serious pest in northern canola-growing regions of Canada.}, keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus}, isbn = {0013-8703}, author = {Carcamo, Hector A. and Herle, Carolyn E. and Otani, Jennifer and McGinn, Sean M.} } @article {9849, title = {Effect of Insect Herbivory on the Architecture and Seed Production of Canola, Brassica napus L}, journal = {Journal of Entomological Science}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, year = {2012}, month = {Jan}, pages = {44-55}, abstract = {Several native Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) feed on buds, flowers and immature seeds of canola. These plant resources are also exploited by a recent alien pest now established in southern Alberta, Canada: the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). A caged study was conducted with Brassica napus L. in 2000 and 2002 to determine if various combinations and densities of lygus and seedpod weevils (0, 10 + 10, 20 of either, 20 + 20, 40 + 40, individuals per cage) affected yield and its components such as number of branches, pods and seed weight. Under severely dry conditions, cages with the intermediate (20 + 20) and high (40 + 40) insect combinations had lower grain yield as well as number of racemes and pods per raceme relative to control cages with no insects added. Under more humid conditions in 2002, similar results were observed but the damage by the cabbage seedpod weevil at 20 adults per cage was more apparent than in 2000. These results suggest that in most years the weevil is a more serious pest than lygus bugs but low combined densities do not decrease yield. Furthermore, in southern Alberta at low or moderate densities, these late-season pests do not appear to stimulate plants to overcompensate. There was no indication of competition between these two insects.}, keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus}, isbn = {0749-8004}, author = {Carcamo, H. A.} } @article {9404, title = {Plant Nutrients and the Spatiotemporal Distribution Dynamics of Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Its Parasitoids}, journal = {Environmental Entomology}, volume = {39}, number = {4}, year = {2010}, month = {Aug}, pages = {1195-1205}, abstract = {The cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), is an alien invasive pest of canola, Brassiere napus L., in North America. Field populations of both adults and larvae are known to be aggregated in their distributions, but the causal mechanism for this clustering is not understood. We investigated the hypothesis that spatial distributions of C obstrictus adults, larvae, and their parasitoids were directly or indirectly related to host plant quality as indicated by leaf tissue nutrient contents. During the years of 2005 and 2007, these insect populations were sampled in a grid pattern in three commercial fields of B. napus located near Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. Leaf samples were collected from plants in each grid plot and analyzed for nutrient contents Spatial patterns and associations among the collected variables were analyzed using Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs software We observed significant spatial associations among C obstrictus adults, larvae, and parasitoids The distributions of C obstrictus adults and larvae were correlated with several plant nutrients, most notably nitrogen and sulfur Evidence was found for a possible nitrogen-sulfur interaction in which ovipositioning C obstrictus females appeared to prefer plants with high levels of sulfur and low levels of nitrogen. Spatial tracking of C obstrictus larvae by its parasitoids was evident in only one field, and this appeared related to comparatively low parasitoid populations in two of the three fields The associations between C obstrictus and plant nutrients may have possible applications in fertility management, trap cropping, and precision insecticide application technology.}, keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus}, isbn = {0046-225X}, author = {Blake, A. J. and Dosdall, L.M. and Keddie, B. A.} } @article {9232, title = {A review of the species of Mesopolobus (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) associated with Ceutorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) host-species of European origin}, journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research}, volume = {97}, number = {4}, year = {2007}, month = {August}, pages = {387-397}, abstract = {Four species of Mesopolobus Westwood were reared as parasitoids of Ceutorhynchinae hosts in Europe during surveys in 2000-2004. An illustrated key is given to differentiate the four species, M. gemellus Baur \& Muller sp. n., M. incultus (Walker), M. morys (Walker) and M. trasullus (Walker), plus M. moryoides Gibson, a parasitoid of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), in North America. Pteromalus clavicornis Walker is recognized as a junior synonym of M. incultus syn. n., and Pteromalus berecynthos Walker (also a junior synonym of M. incultus) is considered a correct original spelling. For Disema pallipes Forster (a junior synonym of Mesopolobus morys), a lectotype is designated. Mesopolobus morys is for the first time accurately associated with the seed weevil Ceutorhynchus turbatus (Schultze), a potential agent for classical biological control, of hoary cress, Lepidium draba L. (Brassicaceae), in North America. Mesopolobus gemellus is associated with another seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus typhae (= C.floralis) (Herbst), in pods of shepherd{\textquoteright}s purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae). Implications of the host-parasitoid associations are discussed relative to the introduction of species to North America for classical biological control of the cabbage seedpod weevil.}, keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus}, isbn = {0007-4853}, author = {Baur, H. and Muller, F. J. and Gibson, G. A. P. and Mason, P. G. and Kuhlmann, U.} } @article {8555, title = {The parasitoid communities associated with an invasive canola pest, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Ontario and Quebec, Canada}, journal = {Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {143}, number = {5}, year = {2011}, month = {Sep}, pages = {524-537}, abstract = {Surveys were conducted to determine the parasitoid communities associated with the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), an important invasive pest of canola in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. More than 18 species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) were associated with this pest through mass rearings from canola siliques. In southwestern Ontario, the most abundant species were a species of Chlorocytus Graham (23.6\%-48.6\%), Lyrcus perdubius (Girault) (0\%-53\%), L. maculatus (Gahan) (2.8\%-14.7\%), and species of Pteromalus Swederus (0.6\%-23.1\%) (Pteromalidae). In contrast, the most abundant species in Quebec were Trichomalus lucidus (Walker) (Pteromalidae) (33.3\%-56.4\%), unidentified Eulophidae (2.1\%-39.1\%), Mesopolobus gemellus Baur and Muller (Pteromalidae) (1.3\%-21.4\%), and Necremnus tidius (Walker) (Eulophidae) (11.5\%-19.3\%). In the Ottawa, Ontario, area, parasitoids were first recovered in 2008, and Trichomalus perfectus (Walker) (Pteromalidae), M. gemellus, and species of Pteromalus were most prevalent. Mesopolobus gemellus and T perfectus are reported in North America for the first time. Although existing communities appear to provide substantial parasitism (e.g., 6.3\%-26.3\% in 2006), species composition varies among years and differs from that in other regions in North America. Thus, parasitism levels and parasitoid communities of the cabbage seedpod weevil should be monitored to assess whether these will increase or there is a need to introduce more host-specific species from Europe that could provide greater mortality.}, keywords = {Ceutorhynchus obstrictus}, isbn = {0008-347X}, author = {Mason, P. G. and Miall, J. H. and Bouchard, P. and Gillespie, D. R. and Broadbent, A. B. and Gibson, G. A. P.} }