@article {11286,
	title = {Semiochemical sabotage: behavioral chemicals for protection of western conifers from bark beetles},
	journal = {U S Forest Service General Technical Report PNW},
	volume = {784},
	year = {2009},
	month = {April},
	pages = {85-109},
	abstract = {The discovery and elucidation of volatile behavioral chemicals used by bark beetles to locate hosts and mates has revealed a rich potential for humans to sabotage beetle host-finding and reproduction. Here, we present a description of currently available semiochemical methods for use in monitoring and controlling bark beetle pests in western conifer forests. Delivery systems include hand-applied methods, such as semiochemical-releasing bubblecaps, pouches, and "puffers," as well as products that can be applied by aircraft such as semiochemical-releasing flakes. Descriptions of both attractant-based ("pull") and anti-attractant-based ("push") strategies are provided. Examples are provided for the major bark beetle pests in western North America, including the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte), the Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins), the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)), and the red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens LeConte),.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus brevicomis, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, Dendroctonus rufipennis, Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {0363-6224},
	author = {Gillette, Nancy E. and Munson, A. Steve}
}
@article {11141,
	title = {Influence of temperature on spring flight initiation for southwestern ponderosa pine bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {37},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	month = {February},
	pages = {57-69},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Determination of temperature requirements for many economically important insects is a cornerstone of pest management. For bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), this information can facilitate timing of management strategies. Our goals were to determine temperature predictors for flight initiation of three species of Ips bark beetles, five species of Dendroctonus bark beetles, and two genera of bark beetle predators, Enoclerus spp. (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Ostomidae), in ponderosa pine forests of northcentral Arizona. We quantified beetle flight activity using data loggers and pheromone-baited funnel traps at 18 sites over 4 yr. Ambient air temperature was monitored using temperature data loggers located in close proximity to funnel traps. We analyzed degree-day accumulation and differences between minimum, average, and maximum ambient temperature for the week before and week of first beetle capture to calculate flight temperature thresholds. Degree-day accumulation was not a good predictor for initiation of beetle flight. For all species analyzed other than D. adjunctus Blandford, beetles were captured in traps only when springtime temperatures exceeded 15.0[degree]C. D. adjunctus was collected when maximum temperatures reached only 14.5[degree]C. Once initial flights had begun, beetles were often captured when maximum ambient air temperatures were below initial threshold temperatures. Maximum and average air temperatures were a better predictor for beetle flight initiation than minimum temperature. We establish a temperature range for effective monitoring of bark beetles and their predators, and we discuss the implications of our results under climate change scenarios},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus brevicornis, Dendroctonus frontalis, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus valens, Enoclerus, Ips lecontei, Ips pini},
	isbn = {0046-225X},
	author = {Gaylord, M. L. and Williams, K. K. and Hofstetter, R. W. and McMillin, J. D. and Degomez, T. E. and Wagner, M. R.}
}
@article {5744,
	title = {Chromosome numbers of Dendroctonus parallelocollis and D. rhizophagus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and new reports of Dendroctonus populations from Mexico and Guatemala},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {91},
	number = {4},
	year = {1998},
	month = {July},
	pages = {392-394},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The male meiotic karyotypic formulae of Dendroctonus parallelocollis Chapuis and D. rhizophagus Thomas \& Bright are 13 AA + Xyp. These karyotypes are similar to those from D. valens LeConte (13 AA + Xyp) and D. terebrans Olivier (12 AA + Xyp), a situation that confirms the taxonomic grouping of these species by morphological characteristics and their status as closely related species. The chromosome numbers and the sexual systems of populations of Dendroctonus adjunctus LeConte, D. approximatus Dietz, D. frontalis Zimmermann, D. mexicanus Hopkins, and D. valens agree with what has been published for these species. No geographic variation in the karyotypes, supernumerary chromosomes, or irregular associations were observed in the species examined.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus, Dendroctonus adjunctus, Dendroctonus approximatus, Dendroctonus frontalis, Dendroctonus mexicanus, Dendroctonus parallelocoris, Dendroctonus rhizophagus, Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {0013-8746},
	author = {Zuniga, Gerardo and Cisneros, Ramon and Salinas-Moreno, Yolanda}
}
