@article {11892,
	title = {Old Lower Stem Bark Lesions Apparently Caused by Unsuccessful Spruce Beetle Attacks Still Evident on Live Spruce Trees Years Later},
	journal = {Northwest Science},
	volume = {84},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Spr},
	pages = {192-195},
	abstract = {We examined old bark lesions on Lutz spruce in young stands on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, to determine their cause. Distribution of these lesions along lower stems was similar to the distribution of spruce beetle attacks during epidemics. These lesions apparently resulted from unsuccessful attacks by spruce beetles during the late 1980s and early 1990s and appear to be symptomatic of conifer tree resistance reactions to cambial zone injury by Dendroctonus beetles.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus},
	isbn = {0029-344X},
	author = {Hard, John S. and Zogas, Ken P.}
}
