@article {11089,
	title = {Application of semiochemicals to assess the biodiversity of subcortical insects following an ecosystem disturbance in a sub-boreal forest},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Ecology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {12},
	year = {2009},
	month = {December},
	pages = {1384-1410},
	abstract = {From 2000 through 2003 we used semiochemical-baited traps in northeastern Minnesota, USA, to assess changes in assemblages of subcortical forest insects after a catastrophic wind storm in 1999 and subsequent (1999-2000) fuel-reduction activities (salvage-logging and prescribed-burning). We determined the regional efficacy of fifteen semiochemical blends (pheromones and kairomones) as attractants for target and non-target subcortical insect species (Coleoptera: Anthribidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Cleridae, Cucujidae, Curculionidae, Histeridae, Nemonychidae, Salpingidae, Scolytidae, Tenebrionidae, and Hymenoptera: Siricidae). During the four summers, we trapped 86,471 subcortical insects (143 species) in baited and unbaited Lindgren funnel traps, and 500 beetles (44 species) in baited and unbaited pitfall traps. We report 23 new state collection records of subcortical insects from Minnesota. Trap catches of subcortical insects were greatest in the wind-disturbed areas 2 years after the event, and declined thereafter. Similar trends were observed for subcortical insects in the burned areas. Both wind-disturbance and burning increased the subcortical insect species richness and diversity on the landscape. The subcortical insect species compositions of the salvaged and burned forest areas differed from those of the undisturbed and wind-disturbed areas. Trap catches of subcortical insects in response to semiochemical treatments also varied with year of sampling and land-area treatment. The greatest diversity of subcortical beetle species was in traps baited with attractants for the scolytids, Dendroctonus valens ((+)-[alpha]-pinene and (-)-[beta]-pinene) and Dryocoetes spp. (exo-brevicomin and (-)-[alpha]-pinene), perhaps reflecting the generic nature of the baits. The most distinct species compositions were collected in response to the woodborer and Dendroctonus simplex baits, whereas the species compositions in traps with the D. valens and Dryocoetes spp. baits, and the unbaited funnel trap were the most similar. The variation in trap catch with time and across landscapes suggests that the responses of subcortical insects to semiochemicals are more complex than previously appreciated.},
	isbn = {0098-0331},
	author = {Gandhi, Kamal J. K. and Gilmore, Daniel W. and Haack, Robert A. and Katovich, Steven A. and Krauth, Steven J. and Mattson, William J. and Zasada, John C. and Seybold, Steven J.}
}
@article {10719,
	title = {Assessing the threat posed by indigenous exotics: a case study of two North American bark beetle species},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {103},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {39-49},
	abstract = {The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, was detected in 2001 in nor-them Minnesota outside its natural range and the range of its native hosts, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, and western larch, Larix occidentalis Nutt. Consecutive years of detection indicated that D. pseudotsugae may have been established in a new environment and provided a possible example of an indigenous exotic species in North America. Pheromone-baited logs of P. menziesii and tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. were placed at four sites in northern Minnesota in air attempt to detect this indigenous exotic. Bark was removed from one half of logs and checked for D. pseudotsugae galleries. The remaining logs were left intact and reared to collect adult beetles the following spring. No D. pseudotsugae galleries were identified and no adults of the indigenous exotic were located. Along with the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, native Minnesota populations of Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) and Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg) colonized P. menziesii logs. The reciprocal study was conducted in Montana, primarily to determine whether D. pseudotsugae would attack pheromone-baited logs of L. laricina. Logs from the Minnesota and Montana experiments were used to estimate the success of D. simplex and D. pseudotsugae in the non-native hosts P. menziesii and L. laricina, respectively. Both D. simplex and D. pseudotsugae successfully colonized and reproduced in non-native logs in the field, albeit at low numbers. The potential threat of indigenous exotic species to North American forests also is discussed.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus pseudotsugae},
	isbn = {0013-8746},
	author = {Dodds, Kevin J. and Gilmore, Daniel W. and Seybold, Steven J.}
}
