@article {9924,
	title = {Moisture effects on development and survival of the plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Entomological Science},
	volume = {42},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {April},
	pages = {207-216},
	abstract = {Laboratory-reared larvae of Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst were exposed to three soil moisture treatments in pots containing a mix of soil and vermiculite, whereby pots were either watered daily (wet treatment) or watered to saturation when matric potential reached threshold values of -160 and -800 kPa for the intermediate and dry treatments, respectively. Adult emergence began at approximately the same time in the 3 treatments, but peak emergence (occurring [approximately]1 month after the start of the experiment and within 2 wks of the beginning of emergence) was much more pronounced in the intermediate moisture treatment than in the wet and dry ones. In addition, cumulative emergence in the intermediate moisture treatment (corresponding to >40\% of the initial number of larvae used in the experiment) was higher than in the wet ([approximately]30\%) and dry ([approximately]20\%) treatments. Approx. 25\% of the adults that emerged from the dry treatment were underdeveloped and/or malformed. In a separate set of experiments, the effect of air humidity on survival of laboratory-reared plum curculio adults was investigated. Survival analysis revealed a significant (P 0.0001) effect of vapor pressure deficit on adult longevity. As vapor pressure deficit decreased from [approximately]2.8 to 0.009 kPa, median life expectancy increased from 1.1 to 9.0 d for insects without food supply and from 7.0 to 30.5 d for insects feeding on apples. Longevity correlated with cumulative water loss from the insects, which was lowest in a saturated atmosphere and greatest for insects exposed to a vapor pressure deficit of [approximately]2.8 kPa. Cuticular permeability of C. nenupharto water was calculated as 185.8 [mu]g cm-2 kPa-1.},
	keywords = {Conotrachelus nenuphar},
	isbn = {0749-8004},
	author = {Chen, H. and Scherm, H.}
}
@article {9925,
	title = {Spatial and temporal dynamics of bark beetles in Chinese white pine in Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province, China},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	month = {October},
	pages = {1124-1130},
	abstract = {Spatial and temporal dynamics of bark beetles in single tree trunks of Pinus armandi were studied in Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China. Ten species of engraver bark beetles attacked from healthy to withered Chinese white pines, but seven species were commonly detected even, year in Qinling forest ecosystem. Dendroctonus armandi and Hylurgops longipilis were common species at the lower of trunks, and Ips acuminatus, Polygraphus sinensis, and Pityogenes japonicus primary distributed in the middle of trunks, whereas population densities of Cryphalus lipingensis and C. chinlingensis centralized at the upper trunks and branches of Chinese white pines. On the time series, D. armandi, as a dominant species in Chinese white pines of Qinling forest ecosystem, mainly attacked healthy and weakened trees and cooperated with blue stain fungus that resulted in the declining abruptly resistance and triggered the secondary bark beetles to attack the infected or withered host trees. Attacking and colonizing phenology of bark beetles in Qinling forest ecosystem are caused by complex interactions among spatial and trophic competition and cooperation and exhibit particular spatial and temporal patterns. Our results support the view that competition and cooperation within bark beetles are a critical factor to influence bark beetles spatial and temporal distribution, and stability of bark beetles{\textquoteright} ecosystem, D. armandi, I. acuminatus, P.japonicus, P. sinensis, C. lipingensis, C. chinlingensis, and H. longipilis in Chinese white pine of Qinling forest ecosystem},
	isbn = {0046-225X},
	author = {Chen, H. and Tang, M.}
}
@article {9922,
	title = {Flight of the Chinese white pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to sex, body weight and energy reserve},
	journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research},
	volume = {101},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {February},
	pages = {53-62},
	abstract = {The flight distance, flight time and individual flight activities of males and females of Dendroctonus armandi were recorded during 96-h flight trials using a flight mill system. The body weight, glucose, glycogen and lipid content of four treatments (naturally emerged, starved, phloem-fed and water-fed) were compared among preflight, post-flight and unflown controls. There was no significant difference between males and females in total flight distance and flight time in a given 24-h period. The flight distance and flight time of females showed a significant linear decline as the tethered flying continued, but the sustained flight ability of females was better than that of males. The females had higher glycogen and lipid content than the males; however, there was no significant difference between both sexes in glucose content. Water-feeding and phloem-feeding had significant effects on longevity, survival days and flight potential of D. armandi, which resulted in longer feeding days, poorer flight potential and lower energy substrate content. Our results demonstrate that flight distances in general do not differ between water-fed and starved individuals, whereas phloem-fed females and males fly better than water-fed and starved individuals.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus armandi},
	isbn = {0007-4853},
	author = {Chen, H. and Li, Z. and Bu, S. H. and Tian, Z. Q.}
}
