@article {13103,
	title = {Characterization of two non-native invasive bark beetles, Scolytus schevyrewi and Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {140},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	month = {September-Octobe},
	pages = {527-538},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, the banded elm bark beetle, and S. multistriatus Marsham, the smaller European elm bark beetle, are morphologically similar. Reliance on adult external morphological characters for identification can be problematic because of wide within-species variability and the need for good-quality specimens. The inability to identify developmental stages can also hamper early-detection programs. Using two character identification systems, genitalic (aedeagus) morphology, and DNA markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR)) to distinguish S. schevyrewi from S. multistriatus, we examined specimens from geographically distinct populations of both species collected from infested host trees or semiochemical-baited funnel traps. We found that aedeagus morphology can be used to identify the two species. The use of two oligonucleotide primers in the RAPD-PCR analysis yielded distinct DNA banding patterns for the two species. Species identification using RAPD-PCR analysis was validated by a blind test and used to make species identifications of larval specimens. These tools improve the ability to differentiate between S. schevyrewi and S. multistriatus at immature and adult stages, and could be developed and used for other scolytines as well.},
	keywords = {Scolytus multistriatus, Scolytus schevyrewi},
	isbn = {0008-347X},
	author = {Johnson, Patricia L. and Hayes, Jane L. and Rinehart, John and Sheppard, Walter S. and Smith, Steven E.}
}
@article {11987,
	title = {Response of bark and woodboring beetles to host volatiles and wounding on western juniper},
	journal = {Western Journal of Applied Forestry},
	volume = {23},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {October},
	pages = {206-215},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In central Oregon, management of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis Hook.) has included use of prescribed fire and mechanical removal. After these treatments, several species of bark and woodboring beetles have been observed on treated trees and also occasionally on trees outside management areas, suggesting that these insects might contribute to juniper mortality. In this 2-year (2002-2003) study, we identified bark and woodboring beetles that attack western juniper along with associated beetle predators and examined whether these insects can be manipulated for use in juniper management. Using funnel traps and sticky traps on trees wounded by pruning or treated with host volatiles (juniper berry oil, cade oil, and ethanol) that may attract insects, we captured beetles in the families Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Scolytidae (20 species in 17 genera) and known predators in the families Cleridae and Trogositidae (8 species in 7 genera). Cedar bark beetles (Phloeosinus spp.) were the most prevalent insects captured on trees treated with host volatiles and/or wounded. Treatments that included ethanol plus wounding were most attractive to these beetles. However, there was no obvious insect-caused damage or mortality of treated trees in either year of this study.},
	keywords = {Scolytidae},
	isbn = {0885-6095},
	author = {Hayes, Jane L. and Johnson, Patricia L. and Eglitis, Andris and Scott, Donald W. and Spiegel, Lia and Schmitt, Craig}
}
@article {11988,
	title = {The Western Bark Beetle Research Group: a unique collaboration with forest health protection},
	journal = {U S Forest Service General Technical Report PNW},
	volume = {784},
	year = {2009},
	month = {April},
	pages = {1-134},
	isbn = {0363-6224},
	author = {Hayes, Jane L. and Lundquist, John E.}
}
@article {9646,
	title = {Bark beetle conditions in western forests and formation of the Western Bark Beetle Research Group},
	journal = {U S Forest Service General Technical Report PNW},
	volume = {784},
	year = {2009},
	month = {April},
	pages = {1-23},
	abstract = {The recent dramatic impacts of bark beetle outbreaks across conifer forests of the West have been mapped and reported by entomology and pathology professionals with Forest Health Protection (FHP), a component of USDA Forest Service{\textquoteright}s State and Private Forestry, and their state counterparts. These forest conditions set the stage for the formation of the Western Bark Beetle Research Group (WBBRG), comprised of research scientists within the three western research stations of the USDA Forest Service Research and Development. Facing the increasing bark beetles impacts, the newly formed WBBRG, in concert with FHP professionals from the western Regions, developed research priorities. Building on a strong foundation of past and present research, WBBRG scientists in conjunction with their varied partners will investigate the complex interactions of bark beetles and their hosts. Interactions to be explored include those within vegetation management scenarios at the individual tree to landscape scale, those between wildland fire and bark beetles, the long-term impacts of bark beetle outbreaks on ecological and socioeconomic values, and importantly the response of bark beetle systems (i.e., bark beetles, their hosts and common associates) to climate change. This increased understanding of bark beetle behavior and population dynamics at multiple scales and with other agents of change will lead to the development and improvement of management tools. As in the past, WBBRG scientists will work closely with FHP entomologists to implement practical research products to prevent, retard, or suppress unwanted effects of native and nonnative invasive bark and woodboring beetles in the West.},
	isbn = {0363-6224},
	author = {Cain, Robert J. and Hayes, Jane L.}
}
@article {9361,
	title = {Climate Change and Bark Beetles of the Western United States and Canada: Direct and Indirect Effects},
	journal = {Bioscience},
	volume = {60},
	number = {8},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Sep 10},
	pages = {602-613},
	abstract = {Climatic changes are predicted to significantly affect the frequency and severity of disturbances that shape forest ecosystems. We provide a synthesis of climate change effects on native bark beetles, important mortality agents of conifers in western North America. Because of differences in temperature-dependent life-history strategies, including cold-induced mortality and developmental timing, responses to warming will differ among and within bark beetle species. The success of bark beetle populations will also be influenced indirectly by the effects of climate on community associates and host-tree vigor, although little information is available to quantify these relationships. We used available population models and climate forecasts to explore the responses of two eruptive bark beetle species. Based on projected warming, increases in thermal regimes conducive to population success are predicted for Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) and Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, although there is considerable spatial and temporal variability. These predictions from population models suggest a movement of temperature suitability to higher latitudes and elevations and identify regions with a high potential for bark beetle outbreaks and associated tree mortality in the coming century.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus rufipennis},
	isbn = {0006-3568},
	author = {Bentz, Barbara J. and Regniere, Jacques and Fettig, Christopher J. and Hansen, E. Matthew and Hayes, Jane L. and Hicke, Jeffrey A. and Kelsey, Rick G. and Negron, Jose F. and Seybold, Steven J.}
}
@article {8913,
	title = {Modeling the effects of thinning on bark beetle impacts and wildfire potential in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon},
	journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning},
	volume = {80},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {April 30},
	pages = {301-311},
	abstract = {We simulated management scenarios with and without thinning over 60 years, coupled with a mountain pine beetle outbreak (at 30 years) to examine how thinning might affect bark beetle impacts, potential fire behavior, and their interactions on a 16,000-ha landscape in northeastern Oregon. We employed the Forest Vegetation Simulator, along with sub-models including the Parallel Processing Extension, Fire and Fuels Extension, and Westwide Pine Beetle Model (WPBM). We also compared responses to treatment scenarios of two bark beetle-caused tree mortality susceptibility rating systems. As hypothesized, thinning treatments led to substantial reduction in potential wildfire severity over time. However, contrary to expectations, the WPBM predicted higher bark beetle-caused mortality from an outbreak in thinned versus unthinned scenarios. Likewise, susceptibility ratings were also higher for thinned stands. Thinning treatments favored retention of early seral species such as ponderosa pine, leading to increases in proportion and average diameter of host trees. Increased surface fuel loadings and incidence of potential crown fire behavior were predicted post-outbreak; however, these effects on potential wildfire behavior were minor relative to effects of thinning. We discuss apparent inconsistencies between simulation outputs and literature, and identify improvements needed in the modeling framework to better address bark beetle-wildfire interactions. [copyright] 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	isbn = {0169-2046},
	author = {Ager, Alan A. and McMahan, Andrew and Hayes, Jane L. and Smith, Eric L.}
}
