@article {15146,
	title = {Dispersal of Warren Root Collar Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Three Types of Habitat},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {41},
	number = {3},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {578-586},
	abstract = {Warren root collar weevil, Hylobius warreni Wood, is a native, flightless insect distributed throughout the boreal forest of North America. It is an emerging problem in young plantings of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta variety latifolia, in western Canada, where larval feeding can kill young trees by girdling the root collar. Susceptible plantings are becoming more abundant following salvage harvesting and replanting activities in the wake of an ongoing epidemic of mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins). Previous studies using mark-trap-recapture methods found that movement rates of adult H. warreni were elevated in areas with high numbers of dead trees, consistent with a hypothesis that the insects immigrate from stands with high mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality to young plantings in search of live hosts. Sampling methods were necessarily biased to insects captured in traps; however, potentially missing individuals that had died, left the study area, or simply remained stationary. Here, we used harmonic radar to examine weevil movement in three different habitats: open field, forest edge, and within a forest. We were able to reliably monitor all but two of 36 insects initially released, over 96 h (4 d). Weevils released in the open field had the highest rates of movement, followed by weevils released at the forest edge, then weevils released within the forest. Movement declined with decreasing ambient air temperature. Our results suggest that weevils tend to be relatively stationary in areas of live hosts, and hence may concentrate in a suitable area once such habitat is found.},
	keywords = {Hylobius warreni},
	isbn = {0046-225X},
	author = {Machial, Laura A. and B.S. Lindgren and Steenweg, Robin W. and Aukema, Brian H.}
}
@article {14330,
	title = {Dispersal of Warren Root Collar Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Three Types of Habitat},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {41},
	number = {3},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {578-586},
	abstract = {Warren root collar weevil, Hylobius warreni Wood, is a native, flightless insect distributed throughout the boreal forest of North America. It is an emerging problem in young plantings of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta variety latifolia, in western Canada, where larval feeding can kill young trees by girdling the root collar. Susceptible plantings are becoming more abundant following salvage harvesting and replanting activities in the wake of an ongoing epidemic of mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins). Previous studies using mark-trap-recapture methods found that movement rates of adult H. warreni were elevated in areas with high numbers of dead trees, consistent with a hypothesis that the insects immigrate from stands with high mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality to young plantings in search of live hosts. Sampling methods were necessarily biased to insects captured in traps; however, potentially missing individuals that had died, left the study area, or simply remained stationary. Here, we used harmonic radar to examine weevil movement in three different habitats: open field, forest edge, and within a forest. We were able to reliably monitor all but two of 36 insects initially released, over 96 h (4 d). Weevils released in the open field had the highest rates of movement, followed by weevils released at the forest edge, then weevils released within the forest. Movement declined with decreasing ambient air temperature. Our results suggest that weevils tend to be relatively stationary in areas of live hosts, and hence may concentrate in a suitable area once such habitat is found.},
	keywords = {Hylobius warreni},
	isbn = {0046-225X},
	author = {Machial, Laura A. and B.S. Lindgren and Steenweg, Robin W. and Aukema, Brian H.}
}
@article {13479,
	title = {Seeing the Forest Through the Trees: Differential Dispersal of Hylobius warreni Within Modified Forest Habitats},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {39},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {898-906},
	abstract = {Hylobius warreni Wood, also known as the Warren root collar weevil, is a flightless insect that feeds on conifers throughout the boreal forests of Canada. Mature trees typically can withstand feeding, but larval feeding around the root collar may cause mortality to young trees. Recently, a large outbreak of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) has killed a high proportion of mature lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas variety latifolia) across British Columbia, Canada. This raises concerns that adult weevils may migrate from mature forests with reduced host pools into adjacent young forests that had been salvaged and replanted. To study movement of these walking weevils in different habitat types, we constructed three research plots consisting of various combinations of live-, dead-, and mixed (i.e., live and dead) -tree habitats. We observed dispersal patterns of individually labeled insects using a novel insect trap attached to the base of trees. Approximately 35\% of insects were recaptured over 1 mo. Weevils were least likely to be recaptured proximate to the release location when released in a habitat with dead trees. Movement rates therein were almost double the rates of insects moving through live- or mixed-tree habitats. Our findings support the hypothesis that H. warreni may disperse out of habitats with dead trees into areas with higher proportions of green trees. Our findings are discussed in the context of habitat discrimination and potential increases in herbivory by H. warreni in western Canada given salvage harvesting activities after outbreaks of mountain pine beetle.},
	keywords = {Hylobius warreni},
	isbn = {0046-225X},
	author = {Klingenberg, Matthew D. and Bjorklund, Niklas and Aukema, Brian H.}
}
@article {12540,
	title = {Temptations of weevil: feeding and ovipositional behaviour of Hylobius warreni Wood on host and nonhost bark in laboratory bioassays},
	journal = {Agricultural and Forest Entomology},
	volume = {11},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {November},
	pages = {397-403},
	abstract = {Warren root collar weevil Hylobius warreni Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a long-lived, flightless insect native to coniferous forests across northern North America. Girdling by larval feeding causes significant mortality on young trees. The insect poses considerable challenges to reforestation.Adult weevils feed on all life stages of a variety of coniferous hosts prior to oviposition. Their relative feeding preferences, however, have not been quantified. Moreover, it is not known whether host bark influences oviposition behaviour.Feeding preferences of adult weevils were tested in both choice and no-choice laboratory bioassays using small branches from three conifers (lodgepole pine Pinus contorta var. latifolia, interior hybrid spruce Picea glauca x engelmannii, and Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii) and one deciduous tree (trembling aspen Populus tremuloides). Measurements included the surface area of bark consumed, rate of consumption, the number of days of feeding, and, in the no-choice assay, the number of eggs oviposited.Bark consumption was greatest on pine and Douglas-fir, followed by spruce. Little to no feeding occurred on aspen. Consumption did not vary between male versus female insects for any of the feeding metrics quantified.The presence of aspen branches did not inhibit feeding on any of the other species in the choice bioassays.The number of eggs laid by female insects did not differ significantly among tree species in the no-choice assay. Eggs were laid indiscriminately in the presence of all four host types.Results and opportunities for future research are discussed in the context of formulating new integrated pest management strategies for this insect, which is increasingly important in the period of reforestation subsequent to the mountain pine beetle epidemic in western Canada.},
	keywords = {Hylobius warreni},
	isbn = {1461-9555},
	author = {Hopkins, Gareth R. and Klingenberg, Matthew D. and Aukema, Brian H.}
}
