@article {13372,
	title = {First record of the ambrosia beetle, Monarthrum mali (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Europe},
	journal = {Journal of Pest Science},
	volume = {81},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {September},
	pages = {175-178},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {During research conducted in northern Italy for the State Forestry Service LIFE Nature project, a single male specimen of the scolytine ambrosia beetle Monarthrum mali (Fitch) was collected in an ethanol-baited window flight trap. Trapping started in 2005, but the species was first collected in August 2007, suggesting that the establishment of M. mali in northern Italy is very recent. Monarthrum mali represents the second North American ambrosia beetle to be introduced to Europe, and joins Phloeotribus limnaris and Xylosandrus crassiusculus as recent scolytine introductions to Europe via Italy that pose potential threats to Europe{\textquoteright}s nurseries, orchards and plantations.},
	keywords = {Monarthrum mali},
	isbn = {1612-4758},
	author = {Kirkendall, Lawrence R. and Dal Cortivo, Marialuisa and Gatti, Enzo}
}
@article {12656,
	title = {A new record of fungus-beetle symbiosis in Scolytodes bark beetles (Scolytinae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera)},
	journal = {Symbiosis},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {151-159},
	abstract = {The most evolutionarily advanced form of symbiosis between wood-decaying fungi and wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) is the ambrosial habit, or fungus fanning. Here we present a discovery of a new origin of the ambrosia symbiosis in Scolytodes unipunctatus. Feeding on symbiotic fungi and the spatial organization of the gallery system of S. unipunctatus is typical for ambrosia beetles, but not for phylogenetically related phloeophagous species. S. unipunctatus is associated with the fungal genera Raffaelea, Graphium, and Gondwanamyces; the association of the latter with scolytines is documented here for the first time. The fungi were identified using morphological characters and 18S, 28S and ITS regions of rDNA. We report four undescribed fungus species.},
	keywords = {Scolytodes unipunctatus},
	isbn = {0334-5114},
	author = {Hulcr, Jiri and Kolarik, Miroslav and Kirkendall, Lawrence R.}
}
@article {10073,
	title = {The Native and Introduced Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of Michigan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Great Lakes Entomologist},
	volume = {42},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Fall},
	pages = {101-120},
	abstract = {Our knowledge of the biogeography of Scolytinae of eastern temperate North America is very patchy. We used data from hand collecting, trapped material (from 65 of 83 counties), and museum collections, supplemented by literature records, to compile a list comprising 107 bark beetle species in 45 genera for Michigan, a state with an especially rich diversity of woody plants. We provide detailed collection data documenting 32 species not previously catalogued for Michigan, 23 of which are new state records; the genera Trypophloeus and Trischidias are reported from Michigan for the first time. Fifteen Michigan scolytines are not native to North America; Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff), Crypturgus pusillus (Gyllenhal), Euwallacea validus (Eichhoff), Xyleborus californicus Wood, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) have not previously been found in the state. We report Michigan hosts for 67 species, including 49 new host associations for the 93 native species. Despite identifying over 4000 specimens for this study, we fully expect to find many more species: over 30 additional species occur in the Great Lakes region.},
	isbn = {0090-0222},
	author = {Cognato, Anthony I. and Barc, Nicolas and Philip, Michael and Mech, Roger and Smith, Aaron D. and Galbraith, Eric and Storer, Andrew J. and Kirkendall, Lawrence R.}
}
@article {9645,
	title = {Genetic diversity and biogeography of red turpentine beetle Dendroctonus valens in its native and invasive regions},
	journal = {Insect Science},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {August},
	pages = {291-301},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Sequences of 479 bp region of the mitochondrial COI gene were applied to detect population genetic diversity and structure of Dendroctonus valens populations. By comparing the genetic diversity between native and invasive populations, it was shown that the genetic diversity of Chinese populations was obviously lower than that of native populations with both indices of haplotype diversity and Nei{\textquoteright}s genetic diversity, suggesting genetic bottleneck occurred in the invasive process of D. valens, and was then followed by a relatively quick population buildup. According to phylogenetic analyses of haplotypes, we suggested that the origin of the Chinese population was from California, USA. Phylogenetic and network analysis of native populations of D. valens revealed strong genetic structure at two distinct spatial and temporal scales in North America. The main cause resulting in current biogeographic pattern was supposedly due to recycled glacial events. Meanwhile, a cryptic species might exist in the Mexican and Guatemalan populations.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {1672-9609},
	author = {Cai, Yan-Wen and Cheng, Xin-Yue and Xu, Ru-Mei and Duan, Dong-Hong and Kirkendall, Lawrence R.}
}
@article {5567,
	title = {Bark beetles and pinhole borers (Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Platypodinae) alien to Europe},
	journal = {Zookeys},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {227-251},
	abstract = {Invasive bark beetles are posing a major threat to forest resources around the world. DAISIE{\textquoteright}s web-based and printed databases of invasive species in Europe provide an incomplete and misleading picture of the alien scolytines and platypodines. We present a review of the alien bark beetle fauna of Europe based on primary literature through 2009. We find that there are 18 Scolytinae and one Platypodinae species apparently established in Europe, from 14 different genera. Seventeen species are naturalized. We argue that Trypodendron laeve, commonly considered alien in Europe, is a native species; conversely, we hypothesize that Xyleborus pfeilii, which has always been treated as indigenous, is an alien species from Asia. We also point out the possibility that the Asian larch bark beetle Ips subelongatus is established in European Russia. We show that there has been a marked acceleration in the rate of new introductions to Europe, as is also happening in North America: seven alien species were first recorded in the last decade. We present information on the biology, origins, and distributions of the alien species. All but four are polyphagous, and 11 are inbreeders: two traits which increase invasiveness. Eleven species are native to Asia, six to the Americas, and one is from the Canary Islands. Th e Mediterranean is especially favorable for invasives, hosting a large proportion of the aliens (9/19). Italy, France and Spain have the largest numbers of alien species (14, 10 and 7, respectively). We point out that the low numbers for at least some countries is likely due to under-reporting. Finally, we discuss the difficulties associated with identifying newly invasive species. Lack of good illustrations and keys hinder identification, particularly for species coming from Asia and Oceania.},
	keywords = {Platypodinae, Scolytinae},
	url = {http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/issue/view/58},
	author = {Kirkendall, Lawrence R. and Faccoli, Massimo}
}
@article {5096,
	title = {Ongoing invasions of old-growth tropical forests: establishment of three incestuous beetle species in southern Central America (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {1588},
	year = {2007},
	month = {19 September},
	pages = {53-62},
	abstract = {Old-growth tropical forests are widely believed to be immune to the establishment of alien species. Collections from tropical regions throughout the world, however, have established that this generalization does not apply to inbreeding host generalist bark and ambrosia beetles. Scolytine saproxylophages are readily spread by shipping, inbreeders can easily establish new populations, and host generalists readily find new breeding material, apparently regardless of stage of forest succession. Consequently, many inbreeding scolytines are globally distributed and abundant in all forest types, often being among the dominant species in their wood-borer communities. We report the recent introductions to lower Central America of two Old World inbreeding ambrosia beetles: Xylosandrus crassiusculus, which breeds primarily in smaller diameter trunks, small branches, and twigs, and Xyleborinus exiguus, which is apparently not size selective. We also document the establishment of Euwallacea fornicatus in the region, known previously from a single collection in Panama. Xylosandrus crassiusculus and E. fornicatus are notorious agricultural and forestry pests, as are several previously established alien species in the region. Studying the spread of species such as these three new arrivals into millions of years-old faunas could help us to understand if the saproxylic communities of old-growth tropical forests are peculiarly vulnerable to invasion.},
	keywords = {Scolytinae},
	isbn = {1175-5326},
	url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa},
	author = {Kirkendall, Lawrence R. and Odegaard, Frode}
}
@article {5097,
	title = {Description of the Yunnan shoot borer, Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall \& Faccoli sp. n. (Curculionidae, Scolytinae), an unusually aggressive pine shoot beetle from southern China, with a key to the species of Tomicus},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {1819},
	year = {2008},
	month = {9 July},
	pages = {25-39},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We describe a new and highly aggressive species of pine shoot beetle, Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall \& Faccoli, which has been decimating Pinus yunnanensis forests in southwest China for almost three decades. This species was confused with T. piniperda until recent molecular studies showed the SW China populations to be quite divergent from T. piniperda of northeast China and Europe. The clearest morphological differences between these two species lie in the surface sculpture of the elytra: the new species has more widely spaced interstrial granules on the elytral disc, the punctures of interstria 2 on the declivity arranged irregularly and those of striae 1 and 3 smaller. The new species also has dense small hairs on the tip of the antennal club, while T. piniperda has only scattered small hairs on that segment. Mature T. piniperda specimens are uniformly black, while those of T. yunnanensis have the bulk of the elytra lighter than the base of the elytra and the pronotum. The new species is actually more similar to the Mediterranean species T. destruens, which differs in geographical distribution and in having the punctures of interstria 2 dense on the declivity and light-colored antennae. Species of Tomicus are of general concern to foresters because of their impact on conifer growth, but good illustrations for many species are lacking. We here provide a detailed key to all seven species of the genus (T. minor, T. piniperda, T. destruens, T. brevipilosus, T. yunnanensis and the virtually unknown T. puellus and T. pilifer) as well as diagnostic photographs and drawings. We summarize the biological differences between the new species and T. piniperda and recommend improved communication between taxonomists and forest entomologists, as avoidable taxonomic confusion such as that of T. yunnanensis and T. destruens with T. piniperda hinders the combatting of outbreaks of forest insects.},
	keywords = {Tomicus, Tomicus yunnanensis},
	isbn = {1175-5326},
	url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa},
	author = {Kirkendall, Lawrence R. and Faccoli, Massimo and Hui, Ye}
}
