@article {15213,
	title = {Initial tree mortality and insect and pathogen response to fire and thinning restoration treatments in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada, California},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research},
	volume = {38},
	number = {12},
	year = {2008},
	month = {December},
	pages = {3011-3020},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Fire and thinning restoration treatments in fire-suppressed forests often damage or stress leave trees, altering pathogen and insect affects. We compared types of insect-and pathogen-mediated mortality on mixed-conifer trees 3 years after treatment. The number of bark beetle attacked trees was greater in burn treatments compared with no-burn treatments, and in some cases, larger pine trees were preferentially attacked. Restoration treatments are not expected to change the trajectory of spread and intensification of dwarf mistletoe. Thinning treatments may have provided a sanitation effect in which large leave trees have lower levels of dwarf mistletoe. Although thinning treatments are known to exacerbate root disease, 12\% of cut stumps were infected with root pathogens (Armillaria gallica and Heterobasidion annosum). Treatments increased Ribes (alternate host for white pine blister rust) frequency and abundance, which may have very localized impacts on white pine blister rust dynamics. In some instances, fire, insects, and pathogens appear to conflict with forest restoration goals by reducing the percentage of pine and producing proportionally higher rates of tree mortality in large-diameter size classes. To better understand the long-term effects of restoration treatments on pathogens and insects, continued monitoring over the course of varying climatic conditions will be needed.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus jeffreyi, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus valens, Scolytus ventralis},
	isbn = {0045-5067},
	author = {Maloney, Patricia E. and Smith, Thomas F. and Jensen, Camille E. and Innes, Jim and Rizzo, David M. and North, Malcolm P.}
}
@article {14441,
	title = {Initial tree mortality and insect and pathogen response to fire and thinning restoration treatments in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada, California},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research},
	volume = {38},
	number = {12},
	year = {2008},
	month = {December},
	pages = {3011-3020},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Fire and thinning restoration treatments in fire-suppressed forests often damage or stress leave trees, altering pathogen and insect affects. We compared types of insect-and pathogen-mediated mortality on mixed-conifer trees 3 years after treatment. The number of bark beetle attacked trees was greater in burn treatments compared with no-burn treatments, and in some cases, larger pine trees were preferentially attacked. Restoration treatments are not expected to change the trajectory of spread and intensification of dwarf mistletoe. Thinning treatments may have provided a sanitation effect in which large leave trees have lower levels of dwarf mistletoe. Although thinning treatments are known to exacerbate root disease, 12\% of cut stumps were infected with root pathogens (Armillaria gallica and Heterobasidion annosum). Treatments increased Ribes (alternate host for white pine blister rust) frequency and abundance, which may have very localized impacts on white pine blister rust dynamics. In some instances, fire, insects, and pathogens appear to conflict with forest restoration goals by reducing the percentage of pine and producing proportionally higher rates of tree mortality in large-diameter size classes. To better understand the long-term effects of restoration treatments on pathogens and insects, continued monitoring over the course of varying climatic conditions will be needed.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus jeffreyi, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus valens, Scolytus ventralis},
	isbn = {0045-5067},
	author = {Maloney, Patricia E. and Smith, Thomas F. and Jensen, Camille E. and Innes, Jim and Rizzo, David M. and North, Malcolm P.}
}
@article {12353,
	title = {Thinning and prescribed fire effects on snag abundance and spatial pattern in an eastern cascade range dry forest, Washington, USA},
	journal = {Forest Science},
	volume = {56},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {74-87},
	abstract = {Mechanical thinning and prescribed burning practices are commonly used to address tree stocking, spacing, composition, and canopy and surface fuel conditions in western US mixed conifer forests. We examined the effects of these fuel treatments alone and combined on snag abundance and spatial pattern across 12 10-ha treatment units in central Washington State. A snag census was conducted before and immediately after treatments on each unit where all snags were measured and classified as either "new" (<1 year as a snag) or "old" (>1 year as a snag) mortality, and bark beetle species were censused on the bottom 3-m of the bole. Before treatment, snags were found in all units and more than two-thirds of the snags were ponderosa pine. Burning (bum-only and thin + burn combined) treatments led to increases in total snag abundance in all but the largest diameter class. Snag abundance in the large snag class (>60 cm dbh) decreased in most treatment units indicating that units with high abundance before treatment had the potential to lose more snags with treatment or time. Treatments also affected the spatial distribution of snags. The thin-only treatment reduced clumpiness, leading to a more random snag distribution, whereas the burn-only and thin + burn treatments generally retained or enhanced a clumped snag distribution. Bark beetles attacked >75\% of snags across all units before and after treatments, and red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens LeConte) occurrence tended to increase after prescribed burning. Managers can use this information to tune silvicultural prescriptions to meet stocking, spacing, and fuel reduction objectives while retaining or recruiting snags, thereby increasing the utility of conditions for certain wildlife species. FOR. SCI. 56(1):74-87.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {0015-749X},
	author = {Hessburg, Paul F. and Povak, Nicholas A. and Salter, R. Brion}
}
@article {11286,
	title = {Semiochemical sabotage: behavioral chemicals for protection of western conifers from bark beetles},
	journal = {U S Forest Service General Technical Report PNW},
	volume = {784},
	year = {2009},
	month = {April},
	pages = {85-109},
	abstract = {The discovery and elucidation of volatile behavioral chemicals used by bark beetles to locate hosts and mates has revealed a rich potential for humans to sabotage beetle host-finding and reproduction. Here, we present a description of currently available semiochemical methods for use in monitoring and controlling bark beetle pests in western conifer forests. Delivery systems include hand-applied methods, such as semiochemical-releasing bubblecaps, pouches, and "puffers," as well as products that can be applied by aircraft such as semiochemical-releasing flakes. Descriptions of both attractant-based ("pull") and anti-attractant-based ("push") strategies are provided. Examples are provided for the major bark beetle pests in western North America, including the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte), the Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins), the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)), and the red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens LeConte),.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus brevicomis, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, Dendroctonus rufipennis, Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {0363-6224},
	author = {Gillette, Nancy E. and Munson, A. Steve}
}
@article {11141,
	title = {Influence of temperature on spring flight initiation for southwestern ponderosa pine bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {37},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	month = {February},
	pages = {57-69},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Determination of temperature requirements for many economically important insects is a cornerstone of pest management. For bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), this information can facilitate timing of management strategies. Our goals were to determine temperature predictors for flight initiation of three species of Ips bark beetles, five species of Dendroctonus bark beetles, and two genera of bark beetle predators, Enoclerus spp. (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Ostomidae), in ponderosa pine forests of northcentral Arizona. We quantified beetle flight activity using data loggers and pheromone-baited funnel traps at 18 sites over 4 yr. Ambient air temperature was monitored using temperature data loggers located in close proximity to funnel traps. We analyzed degree-day accumulation and differences between minimum, average, and maximum ambient temperature for the week before and week of first beetle capture to calculate flight temperature thresholds. Degree-day accumulation was not a good predictor for initiation of beetle flight. For all species analyzed other than D. adjunctus Blandford, beetles were captured in traps only when springtime temperatures exceeded 15.0[degree]C. D. adjunctus was collected when maximum temperatures reached only 14.5[degree]C. Once initial flights had begun, beetles were often captured when maximum ambient air temperatures were below initial threshold temperatures. Maximum and average air temperatures were a better predictor for beetle flight initiation than minimum temperature. We establish a temperature range for effective monitoring of bark beetles and their predators, and we discuss the implications of our results under climate change scenarios},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus brevicornis, Dendroctonus frontalis, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus valens, Enoclerus, Ips lecontei, Ips pini},
	isbn = {0046-225X},
	author = {Gaylord, M. L. and Williams, K. K. and Hofstetter, R. W. and McMillin, J. D. and Degomez, T. E. and Wagner, M. R.}
}
@article {10972,
	title = {The response of Dendroctonus valens and Temnochila chlorodia to Ips paraconfusus pheromone components and verbenone},
	journal = {Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {139},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {January-February},
	pages = {141-145},
	abstract = {The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte, 1860 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is a common bark beetle found throughout much of North America and China. In 2004, we observed that attack densities of the California fivespined ips, Ips paraconfusus Lanier, 1970 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in logging debris were inversely related to D. valens attacks on freshly cut stumps, which led to the demonstration that components of the aggregation pheromone of I. paraconfusus inhibited the response of D. valens to attractant-baited traps. In this study, we test the response of D. valens and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim, 1843) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), a common bark beetle predator, to racemic ipsenol, racemic ipsdienol, and (-)-cis-verbenol (IPSR) in the presence and absence of two release rates of (-)-verbenone. The addition of a relatively low release rate of (-)-verbenone (4 mg/24 h) to attractant-baited traps did not affect catch and had no significant effect on the response of D. valens to IPSR. IPSR significantly reduced D. valens attraction to baited traps. The addition of high release rates of (-)-verbenone (50 mg/24 h) to IPSR significantly increased inhibition; however, the effect was not significantly different from that observed with (-)-verbenone alone (50 mg/24 h). Temnochila chlorodia was attracted to traps baited with (-)-[beta]-pinene, (+)-3-carene, and (+)-[alpha]-pinene. The addition of (-)-verbenone (50 mg/24 h) significantly increased attraction. Traps baited with IPSR caught significantly more T chlorodia than those baited with (-)-verbenone. Few other beetles were collected. We are hopeful that these results will help facilitate the development of an effective tool for protecting Pinus spp. from D. valens infestations},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {0008-347X},
	author = {Fettig, Christopher J. and McKelvey, Stephen R. and Dabney, Christopher P. and Borys, Roberty R.}
}
@article {10951,
	title = {alpha -Pinene and Myrcene Induce Ultrastructural Changes in the Midgut of Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {104},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	month = {May},
	pages = {553-561},
	abstract = {Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are economically and ecologically the most important group of forest insects. They use several monoterpenes produced by their host plants to locate and colonize trees. Some of these compounds also are metabolized to produce sex, aggregation, or antiaggregation pheromones. Experimental studies have shown that certain terpenes are highly toxic to the insects, negatively affecting their development, reproductive success, and colonization of host trees. Nevertheless, the effects of these compounds on specific organs or anatomical systems are unknown. Based on relationship between bark beetles and monoterpenes of their host trees and the midgut morphological characterization performed previously, we studied the effects of [alpha]-pinene and myrcene on midgut cells of the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte. Our results show that both [alpha]-pinene and myrcene induce an increase in the numbers of lysosomes and mitochondria. Outer and inner mitochondrial membranes were very conspicuous but were not disrupted. Both smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula were abundant and were found throughout the cytoplasm. Two kinds of secretory vesicles were observed: one associated with digestive material and the other associated with "flocculent" material. The Golgi complex was prominent but had no defined arrangement. Observed ultrastructural changes are indicative of intense cell activity and are associated with processes of digestion, synthesis, and excretion as well as of monoterpenes transformation but are not indicative of irreversible cellular damage or death.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {0013-8746; 1938-2901},
	author = {Fernanda Lopez, Maria and Cano-Ramirez, Caudia and Shibayama, Mineko and Zuniga, Gerardo}
}
@article {10878,
	title = {Response to host volatiles by native and introduced populations of Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in North America and China},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Ecology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {January},
	pages = {131-146},
	abstract = {Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) have specialized feeding habits, and commonly colonize only one or a few closely related host genera in their geographical ranges. The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte, has a broad geographic distribution in North America and exploits volatile cues from a wide variety of pines in selecting hosts. Semiochemicals have been investigated for D. valens in North America and in its introduced range in China, yielding apparent regional differences in response to various host volatiles. Testing volatiles as attractants for D. valens in its native and introduced ranges provides an opportunity to determine whether geographic separation promotes local adaptation to host compounds and to explore potential behavioral divergence in native and introduced regions. Furthermore, understanding the chemical ecology of host selection facilitates development of semiochemicals for monitoring and controlling bark beetles, especially during the process of expansion into new geographic ranges. We investigated the responses of D. valens to various monoterpenes across a wide range of sites across North America and one site in China, and used the resulting information to develop an optimal lure for monitoring populations of D. valens throughout its Holarctic range. Semiochemicals were selected based on previous work with D. valens: (R)-(+)-[alpha]-pinene, (S)-(-)-[alpha]-pinene, (S)-(-)-[beta]-pinene, (S)-(+)-3-carene, a commercially available lure (1:1:1 ratio of (R)-(+)-[alpha]-pinene:(S)-(-)-[beta]-pinene:(S)-(+)-3-carene), and a blank control. At the release rates used, (+)-3-carene was the most attractive monoterpene tested throughout the native range in North America and introduced range in China, confirming results from Chinese studies. In addition to reporting a more effective lure for D. valens, we present a straightforward statistical procedure for analysis of insect trap count data yielding cells with zero counts, an outcome that is common but makes the estimation of the variance with a Generalized Linear Model unreliable because of the variability/mean count dependency.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {0098-0331},
	author = {Erbilgin, N. and Mori, S. R. and Sun, J. H. and Stein, J. D. and Owen, D. R. and Merrill, L. D. and Campos Bolanos, R. and Raffa, K. F. and Mendez Montiel, T. and Wood, D. L. and Gillette, N. E.}
}
@article {9645,
	title = {Genetic diversity and biogeography of red turpentine beetle Dendroctonus valens in its native and invasive regions},
	journal = {Insect Science},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {August},
	pages = {291-301},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Sequences of 479 bp region of the mitochondrial COI gene were applied to detect population genetic diversity and structure of Dendroctonus valens populations. By comparing the genetic diversity between native and invasive populations, it was shown that the genetic diversity of Chinese populations was obviously lower than that of native populations with both indices of haplotype diversity and Nei{\textquoteright}s genetic diversity, suggesting genetic bottleneck occurred in the invasive process of D. valens, and was then followed by a relatively quick population buildup. According to phylogenetic analyses of haplotypes, we suggested that the origin of the Chinese population was from California, USA. Phylogenetic and network analysis of native populations of D. valens revealed strong genetic structure at two distinct spatial and temporal scales in North America. The main cause resulting in current biogeographic pattern was supposedly due to recycled glacial events. Meanwhile, a cryptic species might exist in the Mexican and Guatemalan populations.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {1672-9609},
	author = {Cai, Yan-Wen and Cheng, Xin-Yue and Xu, Ru-Mei and Duan, Dong-Hong and Kirkendall, Lawrence R.}
}
@article {8898,
	title = {Geographic Variation in Bacterial Communities Associated With the Red Turpentine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	month = {April},
	pages = {406-414},
	abstract = {Bacterial communities are known to play important roles in insect life histories, yet their consistency or variation across populations is poorly understood. Bacteria associated with the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens Le Conte from eight populations, ranging from Wisconsin to Oregon, were evaluated and compared. We used the culture-independent technique of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to visualize bacterial diversity, or individual operational taxonomic units (Os), from individual beetles. One-way analysis of similarities was used to test for differences of bacterial communities between sites. Analysis of community profiles showed that individual beetles on average contained 10 OTUs, with frequency of association from 2 to 100\% of beetles. OTU sequences most closely matched [beta]- and [gamma]-proteobacteria, and one each matched Bacilli and Actinobacteria. Several OTUs were particularly abundant, most notably an Actinobacterium from 100\% and two Proteobacteria from 60\% of beetles sampled. Some OTUs were similar to previously described bacteria with known biochemical capabilities and ecological functions, suggesting that some bacterial associates of D. valens may contribute to its ability to exploit a resource low in nutrients and high in defensive compounds. There were significant differences of bacterial communities between sites. The strength of these differences was positively correlated with distance between sites, although additional unexplained factors also contribute to the variation.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {0046-225X},
	author = {Adams, Aaron S. and Adams, Sandye M. and Currie, Cameron R. and Gillette, Nancy E. and Raffa, Kenneth F.}
}
@article {6002,
	title = {Biological characteristics and occurring law of Dendroctonus valens in China},
	journal = {Scientia Silvae Sinicae},
	volume = {44},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {99-105},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {This paper investigated the biological characteristics and occurring law of Dendroctonus valens (Red Turpentine beetle, RTB) in China. D . valens lived through the winters mainly at elder larvae and mature larvae stage under the roots of Pinus tabulaeformis stumps and weak trees in most of areas infested. The RTB adults were also able to over-winter under the bark of P. tabulaeformis stocks in some areas of southern Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Shaanxi Provinces. The RTB occurred for 1 [approximately] 2 generations in different regions. A RTB adult could probably transfer to attack other trees. Fired stands or stands suffered wanton cutting were susceptible to infection by RTB.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {1001-7488},
	author = {Zhao, Jianxing and Yang, Zhongqi and Ren, Xiaohong and Liang, Xiaoming}
}
@article {6003,
	title = {Effect of volatiles from Dendroctonus valens and Pinus tabulaeformis on the behavioral selection of natural enemy},
	journal = {Forest Research},
	volume = {21},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {April},
	pages = {258-261},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The predators of Red turpentine beetle ( RTB), Dendroctonus valens were investigated by the method of anatomizing of the pine trunk and rearing choice test. One of predator species of RTB (Prostomis sp.) was found in the larval gallery. Behavioral response of this natural enemy to the volatiles emitted from healthy pines ( Pinus tabulaeformis) RTB damaged pines and fecal pellets of RTB were studied with a Y-tube olfactometer. The results showed that natural enemies were attracted to all the volatiles above, especially to that of damaged pines. Volatiles from healthy pines, RTB damaged pines and fecal pellets of RTB could be used by the natural enemies to locate the host habitat and to discriminate the pines damaged from healthy ones. The predator species of RTB (Prostomis sp.) was more sensitive to (S) - ( +) -3 -Carene than three other monoterpenes in the lab. experiment.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {1001-1498},
	author = {Zhang, Yong-jie and Zhang, Pei-yi and Liu, Jun and Jin, You-jiu and Zhang, Zhen}
}
@article {6001,
	title = {The cold-hardiness of Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) and Rhizophagus grandis (Coleoptera, Rhizophagidae)},
	journal = {Huanjing Kunchong Xuebao},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {March 15},
	pages = {20-28},
	abstract = {Dendroctonus valens LeConte ( Red turpentine beetle, RTB) was recently found in outbreak in China. Its elder instars and mature larvae mainly over-winter under the roots of the pine stumps and standing trees in China. The cold tolerant capabilities of the pest was estimated in the laboratory by super-cooling points (SCP) and short-term lower lethal temperatures (LIT). The results show that the lowest mean super-cooling point of the RTB over-wintering larvae is - 11. 98[plus or minus] [plus or minus] 2. 55[degree]C and it is a species of r tolerant-freezing insect. The SCP of RTB is significantly different between different geographical populations, the elder stage larvae have lower cold-hardiness than younger ones, but no significantly different between the larvae in early winter and later winter. The RTB larvae could spend its life in winter below s the atmospheric temperature which being lower more than -23.5[degree]C at least. In contrast, Rhizophagus grandis Gyll., as a predator of Dendroctonus micans, was introduced to China against RTB since 2001. The mean SCP of Rhizophagus grandis larva is -18.05[plus or minus] [plus or minus] 2. 76 [degree]C which being lower temperature more than ones of any stage of RTB.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	author = {Zhao, Jian-Xing and Yang, Zhong-Qi and Gregoire, Jean-Claude}
}
@article {5744,
	title = {Chromosome numbers of Dendroctonus parallelocollis and D. rhizophagus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and new reports of Dendroctonus populations from Mexico and Guatemala},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {91},
	number = {4},
	year = {1998},
	month = {July},
	pages = {392-394},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The male meiotic karyotypic formulae of Dendroctonus parallelocollis Chapuis and D. rhizophagus Thomas \& Bright are 13 AA + Xyp. These karyotypes are similar to those from D. valens LeConte (13 AA + Xyp) and D. terebrans Olivier (12 AA + Xyp), a situation that confirms the taxonomic grouping of these species by morphological characteristics and their status as closely related species. The chromosome numbers and the sexual systems of populations of Dendroctonus adjunctus LeConte, D. approximatus Dietz, D. frontalis Zimmermann, D. mexicanus Hopkins, and D. valens agree with what has been published for these species. No geographic variation in the karyotypes, supernumerary chromosomes, or irregular associations were observed in the species examined.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus, Dendroctonus adjunctus, Dendroctonus approximatus, Dendroctonus frontalis, Dendroctonus mexicanus, Dendroctonus parallelocoris, Dendroctonus rhizophagus, Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {0013-8746},
	author = {Zuniga, Gerardo and Cisneros, Ramon and Salinas-Moreno, Yolanda}
}
@article {5723,
	title = {Cross-attraction between an exotic and a native pine bark beetle: a novel invasion mechanism?},
	journal = {Plos One},
	volume = {2},
	number = {12},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {e1302, 1-9},
	abstract = {Background. Aside from the ecological impacts, invasive species fascinate ecologists because of the unique opportunities that invasives offer in the study of community ecology. Some hypotheses have been proposed to illustrate the mechanisms that allow exotics to become invasive. However, positive interactions between exotic and native insects are rarely utilized to explain invasiveness of pests. Methodology/Principal Findings. Here, we present information on a recently formed association between a native and an exotic bark beetle on their shared host, Pinus tabuliformis, in China. In field examinations, we found that 35-40\% of P. tabuliformis attacked by an exotic bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, were also attacked by a native pine bark beetle, Hylastes parallelus. In the laboratory, we found that the antennal and walking responses of H. parallelus to host- and beetle-produced compounds were similar to those of the exotic D. valens in China. In addition, D. valens was attracted to volatiles produced by the native H. parallelus. Conclusions/Significance. We report, for the first time, facilitation between an exotic and a native bark beetle seems to involve overlap in the use of host attractants and pheromones, which is cross-attraction. The concept of this interspecific facilitation could be explored as a novel invasive mechanism which helps explain invasiveness of not only exotic bark beetles but also other introduced pests in principle. The results reported here also have particularly important implications for risk assessments and management strategies for invasive species.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens, Hylastes parallelus},
	url = {http://ukpmc.ac.uk/tocrender.cgi?action=archive\&journal=312},
	author = {Lu, Min and Miller, Daniel R. and Sun, Jiang-Hua}
}
