02506nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245015500055210006900210260000800279300001200287490000800299520174900307653003002056100002302086700002102109700002402130700002302154856013502177       2011                        eng d  a0022-201100aHemocytes of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their response to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus thuringiensis0 aHemocytes of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier Coleoptera Curcul  cMar  a360-3650 v1063 aOriginally from tropical Asia, the Red Palm Weevil (RPW Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)) is the most dangerous and deadly pest of many palm trees, and there have been reports of its recent detection in France, Greece and Italy. At present, emphasis is on the development of integrated pest management based on biological control rather than on chemical insecticides, however the success of both systems is often insufficient. In this regard, RPW appears to be one pest that is very difficult to control. Thus investigations into the natural defences of this curculionid are advisable. RPW hemocytes, the main immunocompetent cells in the insect, are described for the first time. We identified five hemocyte cell types from the hemolymph of R. ferrugineus: plasmatocytes ([approximately]50%), granulocytes ([approximately]35%), prohemocytes ([approximately]8%), oenocytes ([approximately]4%) and spherulocytes ([approximately]3%). SEM observations were also carried out. some aspects of RPW interaction with non-self organisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the entomopathogen bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), are discussed. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes were involved in nodules and capsule formation as well as in the phagocytosis of yeast. The hemocyte response of RPW larvae to sub-lethal doses of commercial products containing Bt was examined. In vivo assays were carried out and Bt in vegetative form was found in the hemolymph. After a diet containing Bt, the number of total hemocytes, mainly plasmatocytes, in the RPW larva hemolymph declined sharply ([approximately]12%) and then remained at a low level, while the number of other circulating cells was almost unchanged. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aRhynchophorus ferrugineus1 aManachini, Barbara1 aArizza, Vincenzo1 aParrinello, Daniela1 aParrinello, Nicolo  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/hemocytes-rhynchophorus-ferrugineus-olivier-coleoptera-curculionidae-and-their-response-saccharomy-0